Unit 1 Review_Hardware_Binary_OS

ITF+ Unit 1 Review

The Boot Process

POST

Power On Self Test

-During the POST routine, there is a set of tests that
help verify the functionality of key hardware
components, like CPU, RAM, keyboards, etc.

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the chip that holds the firmware that is responsible for executing the instructions when the power is turned on?

• BIOS ROM

• RAM

• CPU

• PSU

The Boot Process

BIOS ROM

Basic Input Output System

-Remember, the ROM chip will send simple communications to the
different
components that may be plugged into the motherboard.

-What type of Video Card do we have?
-What model of keyboard is plugged in?
-Can I communicate with a CPU? (Central processing unit.)
-Is there a network card? Does it work?
-How much RAM is plugged in?

Multiple Choice

The term BIOS is an older term that refers to an older BIOS system that didn’t allow functionality using a mouse. What is the name of the newer system with enhanced options?

• BIOS I

• BIOS ROM

• UEFI

• UFIE

The Boot Process

UEFI

(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)

-UEFI is much better than BIOS for many reasons.

-One example is that we can use a mouse to navigate
options.

Multiple Select

What are some examples of Boot Devices?

• Hard Drive

• CDROM/DVDROM

• USB

• CPU

Boot Devices

Hard Drive

USB

CDROM/DVD Drives

Network

Boot Devices

MBR
Master Boot Record

Multiple Select

What are two of the four functions of a computer?

• Input

• Sorting data

• Processing

• Calculating numbers

Hardware Storage

-Input: Keyboard/Mouse/Camera/Microphone
-Output: Monitor/Speakers
-Storage: Anything that holds 0’s and 1’s
-Processing: Anything that performs math on 0’s and
1’s.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not long term storage?

• RAM

• SDD

• M.2

• HDD

Hardware Storage

RAM

Remember, RAM is temporary, volatile storage. The data
disappears once the machine is powered off.

Multiple Choice

What is a Type I Hypervisor?

• A hypervisor that does NOT have direct access to the hardware on the computer

• A hypervisor that does have direct access to the hardware on a computer

Type I Hypervisors

Linux Virtual

Machine

VCenter/ESXi

Type 1 Hypervisor

Multiple Choice

What is the most volatile storage option on a PC?

• Static RAM (attached to CPU)

• RAM

• HDD

Key Takeaways

Static RAM: (L1,L2,L3 Cache)

-Directly Attached to the CPU.

-Fastest Memory on a computer

-Most Volatile

Dynamic RAM:

-Communicates with the CPU over a BUS

-Second fastest memory on a computer

-Very Volatile

Hard Drives: (Non-Volatile)

-M.2: Fastest

-SSD: Second Fastest

-HDD: Slowest

Multiple Select

Examples of an embedded OS include:

• Windows Server

• Smart TV

• Tesla software

• Linux Ubuntu

Operating Systems

So many options!
Smart TV’s
IOT - thermostats, lights, security cameras
Tesla and other vehicles
Agriculture equipment

Question:

What type of connector would fit this port and what is it
used for?

Connectors

Multiple Select

What type of connector would fit this port and what is it used for?

• RJ-11

• RJ-45

• Internet

• Home Phones

Registered Jack

Connectors

8 Wires
Ethernet

RJ-45
Jack

Multiple Choice

What is the term for 8 bits?

• Kilobyte

• byte

• bit

• Kilobit

Units of Measurement

8 bits = 1 Byte

Units of Measurement

Question:

-What is the term for 1024 bytes?

-It’s easier to think about this as 1,000 bytes, but the

actual number is 1024 because it is evenly divisible by

8.

Multiple Choice

What is the term for 1024 bytes?

-It’s easier to think about this as 1,000 bytes, but the

actual number is 1024 because it is evenly divisible by 8.

• GigaByte

• KiloByte

• MegaByte

• Megabit

Units of Measurement

KiloByte

Abbreviated: KB

(Any time you see a capital ‘B’ like this, it means Bytes.)

A lowercase “b”, means bits

Base - 2

Question:

What is the math equation for the far left column?

Value X Base(exponent)

0

1

0

1

1 X ?

What do you think we’ll replace the

? with here

*(Look at the formula)

Base - 2

Answer:

Value X Base(exponent)

0

1

0

1

1 X 20

Base - 2

Using pencil and paper, try to solve!

1011

Value X Base(exponent)

1

0

1

1

What is the Base-10 equivalent?

Multiple Choice

Using pencil and paper, try to solve!

1011

Value X Base(exponent)

What is the Base-10 equivalent?

• 14

• 11

• 16

• 15

Base - 2

Using pencil and paper, try to solve!

1011 = 11 (Base-10)

Value X Base(exponent)

1

0

1

1

1x23

0x22

1X21

1x 20

8

0

2

1

8 + 2 + 1 = 11

Base - 2

Important: Max Value of a 4 bit Number

1111

Value X Base(exponent)

1

1

1

1

1x 20

1

What is the Max value of a 4-bit number?

Multiple Choice

Important: Max Value of a 4 bit Number

1111

Value X Base(exponent)

• 15

• 11

• 12

• 14

Base - 2

Important: Max Value of a 4 bit Number

1111 = 15

Value X Base(exponent)

1

1

1

1

1x23

1x22

1X21

1x 20

8

4

2

1

8 + 4 + 2 +1 = 15

Let’s do 8 bits.

What is the value of this number:

0011 0010

0

0

1

1

0

0

1

0

0x27

0x26

1x25

1x24

0x23

0x22

1x21

0x20

Multiple Choice

What is the value of this number:

0011 0010

• 50

• 20

• 49

• 51

Let’s do 8 bits.

What is the value of this number:

0011 0010 = 50

0

0

1

1

0

0

1

0

0x27

0x26

1x25

1x24

0x23

0x22

1x21

0x20

0

0

32

16

0

0

2

0

0 + 0 + 32 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 0 =

50

Let’s do 8 bits.

What is the value of this number:

1111 1111

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1x27

1x26

1x25

1x24

1x23

1x22

1x21

1x20

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

1

If you need to use a calculator to add up the columns, that’s

fine.

Multiple Choice

What is the value of this number?

1111 1111

• 255

• 127

• 251

• 245

Let’s do 8 bits.

This is a cheat sheet!

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1x27

1x26

1x25

1x24

1x23

1x22

1x21

1x20

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

Answer: 255

(This number is special. It is the max value of 1 byte!)

Let’s do 8 bits.

What is the value of this binary number?

1110 1100

1

1

1

0

1

1

0

0

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

Multiple Choice

What is the value of this binary number?

1110 1100

• 232

• 255

• 236

• 252

Let’s do 8 bits.

What is the value of this binary number?

1110 1100

128 + 64 + 32 + 8+ 4 = 236

1

1

1

0

1

1

0

0

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

Let’s do 8 bits.

What is the value of this binary number?

0101 0101

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

Multiple Choice

What is the value of this binary number?

0101 0101

• 79

• 62

• 81

• 85

Let’s do 8 bits.

What is the value of this binary number?

0101 0101

64 + 16 + 4 + 1

85

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1