11.1 Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction

11.1 Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction

Limits to Cell Size

• Too Small = Lack of Organelles and Material to Perform the Job

• Too Small = Traffic Issue Due to Lack of Room Needed to do Job

• Too Big = Less Efficient Removing Waster and Getting Nutrients

• Too Big = DNA Demand Too Great

• Goldilocks = Homeostasis

Cell's Volume = Demand/Material-Waste

• Determines the Amount of Material Needed to Function (Big=More)

• Determines the Amount of Waste the Cell Produces (Big=More)

• Determines the Amount of Organelles a Cell Needs (Big=More)

• Still Have Only 1 Nucleus so DNA Demand is High With Big Cells

• Big Cells Produce Too Much Waste and Take Too Long to Remove It

• Big Cells Need Too Much Material and Take Too Long to Get It

• Small Cells Don't Have Enough Resources to be Productive

Cell's Surface Area = Supply / Absorption

• Determine the Amount of Nutrients a Cell Can Get Into the Cell

• Determine the Amount of Waste a Cell Can Get Rid Of

• Volume (Demand) Increases Faster Than Surface Area (Supply)

• Bigger Cells Can Absorb More BUT Demand is Greater Than Supply

• Cells Need To Be Small BUT Not Too Small - Goldilocks Size

Multiple Choice

Which type of cell is easier to get Oxygen in and waste out?

• small cell
• large cell

Multiple Choice

Which type of cell will make greater demands for DNA?

• small cell
• large cell

Multiple Choice

What does not grow with the cell?

• DNA
• Vacoules
• Mitochondria
• None of the above

Multiple Choice

The amount of nutrients needed is determined by...

• The cell's volume
• The cell's surface area
• The cell's Rough ER
• The cell's Smooth ER

Multiple Choice

The absorption of nutrients is determined by...

• The cell's volume
• The cell's surface area
• The cell's ribosomes
• The cell's DNA

Multiple Choice

Which increases at a faster rate as cell size gets larger?

• SA
• V
• The SA and V increase at the same rate

Multiple Choice

As a cell becomes larger

• it places fewer demands on its DNA.

• it does not need molecules for cell growth.

• it is less efficient at moving waste materials across the cell membrane.

• it is more efficient at moving nutrients across the cell membrane.

Multiple Choice

How would the time it takes for nutrients to reach the center of the cell change as a cell gets smaller?

• It does not affect the rate of diffusion
• increases
• decreases

Multiple Choice

Which cells are more efficient at obtaining nutrients?

• Small Cells

• Medium Size Cells

• Large Cells

• X-Large Cells

Multiple Choice

Which cells are more efficient at obtaining nutrients?

• Small Cells

• Medium Size Cells

• Large Cells

• X-Large Cells

Calculating Volume

• Length x Width x Height

• Increases at faster rate than SA

• Demand grows faster than supply

Calculating Surface Area

• Length x Width x Number of Sides

• SA Grows Slower Than Volume

• Supply Lags Behind Demand During Cell Growth

Surface Area:Volume

• Volume Increases Faster than SA

• Demand V Greater than Supply SA

• Want a Large SA:V Ratio 6:1

• Smaller Cells are More Efficient

Multiple Choice

What is the volume of this cube?

• 168 cm²

• 168 cm³

• 17 cm³

• 168 mm³

Multiple Choice

What is the Volume of a Cube with side lengths of 7 meters?

• 49 cubic meters

• 343 cubic meters

• 28 cubic meters

• 42 cubic meters

Multiple Choice

Find the surface area of the cube.

• 150 cm²
• 125 cm²
• 60 cm²
• 30 cm²

Multiple Choice

Find the surface area of this cube.

• 18 sq cm
• 36 sq cm
• 54 sq cm
• 60 sq cm

Multiple Choice

How many faces are on a cube?

• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6

Multiple Choice

The surface area of a cube whose edge equals to 3cm is:

• 62 sq.cm

• 30 sq.cm

• 54 sq.cm

• 90 sq.cm

Multiple Choice

High Surface area to volume ratio allows cells to do what quickly?

• Move materials around inside the cell
• Move materials in and out of the cell 
• Communicate to other cells
• Divide

Multiple Choice

How can surface area (SA) be increased? 

• Grow larger
• Divide into smaller pieces

Multiple Choice

Define Surface area

• The total area on the surface of an object
• Length X Width 
• 6 X (length X width)
• Add up the sides and divide by 4

Multiple Choice

Which cells are more efficient at obtaining nutrients?

• Small Cells

• Medium Size Cells

• Large Cells

• X-Large Cells

Multiple Choice

Microvilli are tiny projections that extend off the cell to increase the Surface Area.  What purpose might that serve? 

• Increased absorption
• Better communication among cells
• Maintain homeostasis 
• Decreased oxygen use

Multiple Choice

This image shows how materials move into various sized cells in a given amount of time.... why does one square cell have more pink coloring than the others? 

• The surface area was too larger to get through
• The volume of the other cells was too large for the dye to get through
• There was not enough surface area for the dye to get through
• The volume was too low for the dye to stay in the square

Multiple Choice

How can surface area (SA) be increased?

• Grow larger

• Divide into smaller pieces

Multiple Choice

How can surface area (SA) be increased?

• Grow larger

• Divide into smaller pieces

Cell Division...

• ...Increases the Surface Area:Volume Ratio = More Efficient Cell

• ...Efficient Exchange of Materials and Removal of Waste

• ...Supply (Surface Area) Can Meet Demand (Volume)

• ...One Nucleus = 1 Set of Instructions for the Cell

• ...Reduces the Number of Organelles That Need Instructions

• ...Decreases DNA Demand = No Information Overload

Multiple Choice

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called

• cell division

• metaphase

• interphase

• mitosis

Multiple Choice

What is information overload?

• Overload of information

• DNA grows to large for the cell

• DNA goes super RNA mode and gets too buff to be contained in the cell so it has to burst out and causes continuous internal combustion

• Cell grows too large for DNA

Multiple Choice

What is information overload?

• Overload of information

• DNA grows to large for the cell

• DNA goes super RNA mode and gets too buff to be contained in the cell so it has to burst out and causes continuous internal combustion

• Cell grows too large for DNA

_{Asexual Reproduction}

• Identical Offspring From 1 Parent

• Produce Large Numbers Quickly

• Simple, Efficient and Effective

• No Mixing of Genes=Less Diversity

• Diversity Comes From Mutations

• Better For Stable Environments

Sexual Reproduction

• Requires 2 Parents to Mix Genes

• Genetically Diverse From Parents

• Mom Gives 1/2 DNA Dad Gives 1/2

• Allele Frequency Can Change

• Better For Change Environments

• Increased Diversity = Better Odds of Surviving Changing Conditions

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes the process of asexual reproduction?

• new organisms are usually genetically identical to the parent
• the reproductive cycle involves the production of games
• nuclei of sex cells fuse to form a zygote
• it involves the production of genetic copies 

Multiple Choice

How does the DNA of the offspring formed from asexual reproduction compare to the parent?

• none of the DNA is transferred to the offspring

• half of the DNA is transferred to the offspring

• the DNA of the offspring is identical to the DNA of the parent

• none of these are correct

Multiple Choice

How does the DNA of the offspring formed from asexual reproduction compare to the parent?

• none of the DNA is transferred to the offspring

• half of the DNA is transferred to the offspring

• the DNA of the offspring is identical to the DNA of the parent

• none of these are correct

Multiple Choice

Produce many offspring in short period of time

• asexual reproduction

• sexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT an advantage of asexual reproduction?

• simple and efficient

• produces large number of offspring quickly

• increases genetic diversity

• requires one parent

Multiple Choice

The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent

• asexual reproduction

• sexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

Which type of reproduction requires more time?

• Sexual
• Asexual
• A and B
• None of the above

Multiple Choice

Which type of reproduction makes a Diverse Offspring

• Sexual

• Asexual

Multiple Choice

Which type of reproduction makes a Diverse Offspring

• Sexual

• Asexual