Untitled Lesson Lesson

1

1a - 1

MANAGEMENT

HISTORY MODULE

1a-1

2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1.

Describe some early management examples.

2.

Explain the various theories in the classical approach.

3.

Discuss the development and uses of the behavioral
approach.

4.

Describe the quantitative approach.

5.

Explain the various theories in the contemporary approach.

1a-2

3

• Ancient Management – Egypt (pyramids)

and China (Great Wall)

1a-3

EARLY MANAGEMENT

4

• Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations in 1776

– Division of labor (job specialization) – the

breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive
tasks.

• Industrial Revolution

– Substituted machine power for human labor
– Created large organizations in need of

management

1a-4

EARLY MANAGEMENT

5

1a-5

EXHIBIT MH-1

MAJOR APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT

6

• Classical approach –first studies of

management, which emphasized
rationality and making organizations and
workers as efficient as possible.

1a-6

CLASSICAL APPROACH

7

• Fredrick Winslow Taylor

– The “father” of scientific management

• Scientific management –an approach

that involves using the scientific method to
find the “one best way” for a job to be
done.

1a-7

SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

8

EXHIBIT MH-2

TAYLOR’S SCIENTIFIC

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES

1a-8

9

• Therbligs –a

classification
scheme for
labeling basic
hand motions.

1a-9

FRANK AND LILLIAN GILBRETH

10

• General administrative theory –an

approach to management that focuses on
describing what managers do and what
constitutes good management practice.

1a-10

GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY

11

• Principles of

management –
Fundamental rules of
management that could be
applied in all organizational
situations and taught in
schools.

1a-11

HENRI FAYOL

12

1a-12

EXHIBIT MH-3

FAYOL’S 14 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

13

EXHIBIT MH-3

FAYOL’S 14 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT (CONT.)

1a-13

14

GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY

•

Bureaucracy –

a form of organization
characterized by division of
labor, a clearly defined
hierarchy, detailed rules and
regulations, and impersonal
relationships.

1a-14

15

1a-15

EXHIBIT MH-4

CHARACTERISTICS OF WEBER’S BUREAUCRACY

16

• Organizational behavior (OB) – the

study of the actions of people at work.

• Early OB Advocates

– Robert Owen

– Hugo Munsterberg

– Mary Parker Follett

– Chester Barnard

1a-16

BEHAVIORAL APPROACH

17

1a-17

EXHIBIT MH-5

EARLY OB ADVOCATES

18

• Hawthorne Studies –a series of studies

during the 1920s and 1930s that provided
new insights into individual and group
behavior.

1a-18

THE HAWTHORNE STUDIES

19

• Quantitative

approach –the use
of quantitative
techniques to
improve decision
making.

1a-19

THE QUANTITATIVE APPROACH

20

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)

• Total quality

management (TQM) –
a philosophy of
management that is driven
by continuous improvement
and responsiveness to
customer needs and
expectations.

1a - 20

1a-20

21

1a-21

EXHIBIT MH-6

WHAT IS QUALITY MANAGEMENT?

22

• System – a set of interrelated and

interdependent parts arranged in a manner that
produces a unified whole.

• Closed system –systems that are not

influenced by and do not interact with their
environment.

• Open system –systems that interact with their

environment.

1a-22

CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES

23

1a-23

EXHIBIT MH-7

ORGANIZATION AS AN OPEN SYSTEM

24

• Contingency approach –a management

approach that recognizes organizations as
different, which means they face different
situations (contingencies) and require
different ways of managing.

1a-24

THE CONTINGENCY APPROACH

25

1a-25

EXHIBIT MH-8

POPULAR CONTINGENCY VARIABLES

26

• Describe some early management examples.

– Early examples of management practice in the

construction of the Egyptian pyramids.

– Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations argued the benefits

of division of labor.

– In the industrial revolution where it became more

economical to manufacture in factories than at home.

1a-26

REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-1

27

• Explain the various theories in the classical

approach.
– Frederick W. Taylor studied manual work using

scientific principles.

– The Gilbreths’ studied efficient hand-and-body motions.
– Fayol believed the functions of management were

common to all business endeavors.

1a-27

REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-2

28

• Fayol developed 14 principles of

management.

• Weber described an ideal type of

organization he called a bureaucracy.

1a-28

REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-2 (CONT.)

29

REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-3

• Discuss the development and uses of the

behavioral approach.
– Early OB advocates believed that people were the

most important asset of the organization and should
be managed accordingly.

– The Hawthorne Studies dramatically affected

management beliefs about the role of people in
organizations.

1a-29

30

• Describe the quantitative approach.

– The quantitative approach involves applications of

statistics, optimization models, information models,
and computer simulations to management activities.

– Total quality management—a management

philosophy devoted to continual improvement and
responding to customer needs and expectations—
also makes use of quantitative methods to meet its
goals.

1a-30

REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-4

31

• Explain the various theories in the

contemporary approach.
– The systems approach says that an organization

takes in inputs (resources) from the environment and
transforms them into outputs that are distributed into
the environment.

– The contingency approach says that organizations

are different, face different situations, and require
different ways of managing.

1a-31

REVIEW LEARNING OBJECTIVE MH-5

Untitled Lesson

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Professional Development