MELTS REVIEW (resource)

​MELTS REVIEW

MELTS

What is Energy?

​Energy is the ability to do work or heat objects

Mechanical Energy

​Mechanical Energy is the energy
of movement.

Mechanical Energy

Mechanical Energy

Mechanical Energy: What is a Simple Machine?

• ​Simple machines have few or no moving parts.

• They make work easier by changing the direction of a force or by changing the amount of force needed.

• There are six types of simple machines

Why do we use simple machines?

• ​To lift a heavy weight

• To change the direction of a force

• To move a heavy object to a new place

• To hold something together

• To pull things apart

Lever

• ​A lever is a fixed bar that moves around a fixed point called a fulcrum.

• It is a simple machine that is used to: pull, push, and lift.

Inclined Plane (Ramp)

• ​An incline plane is a flat surface that is raised so one end is higher than the other.

• It is a simple machine that is used to: move heavy objects up or down.

Wedge

• ​A Wedge at one end and pointed at the other.

• It is a simple machine that is used to: cut and split.

Wheel and Axle

• ​A wheel and axle is made up of a rod attached to a wheel.

• It is a simple machine that is used to: move and turn.

Screw

• ​A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder or cone.

• It is a simple machine that is used to: hold objects together.

Pulley

• ​A pulley is a wheel that has a rope wrapped around it.

• It is a simple machine that is used to: lift.

Compound Machines

• Compound machines are two or more simple machines combined.

Do NOW

Labelling

Match the labels to the pictures

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Current

Series Circuit

Open Circuit

Parallel Circuit

Electrical Energy

• Electrical Energy a form of kinetic energy that is produced by moving electrical charges.

What is an electrical circuit?

• An electrical circuit is the path made of wires that allows electrons to flow through in order to create electricity. ​

What is an electrical circuit?

• A basic electric circuit consists of a power source such as a battery, a device that will use the power such as a light bulb, and wires to connect them.​

• A battery gives the force (voltage) that makes the electrons to move. ​

Electric Currents

• An electric current is the movement of electricity which flows through a circuit to provide power to devices.​

• When a wire is connected to each end of a battery, electrons begin to flow from negative to positive​.

Open and Closed Circuits

• Closed Circuit:

  • Current can move from a battery through the wires, to the bulb and back to the battery because there is a path to follow.​

• Open Circuit:

  • One of the wires becomes unattached so current cannot flow because the path is not complete.​

Switches

• Many circuits have a switch so that you can turn them on or off.

• When the switch is off, it makes a gap in the circuit and the current will stop flowing.​​

• When the switch is on, it closes the gap and the electrons are able to move and make the device work.​

Types of Circuits

Series Circuit

• ​In a series circuit, electricity has only one path to follow. All of the parts of a series circuit are connected along the same pathway with no branches.​

• If one part of a series is removed, the circuit becomes incomplete, or open, and the current stops flowing. If one bulb gets fused, all bulbs will go off.​

Series Circuit

• The more bulbs you add to a series circuit, the dimmer the lights will be.​

• We use series circuits in Christmas lights. That is why when one bulb goes off, all of the lights that follow go off.​

Benefits of Series Circuit

• Uses less amount of wires​

• Gives you a warning that one of the components in the circuit has failed​

Parallel Circuits

• In a parallel circuit, electricity has multiple pathways, or branches, to follow. The current flowing through a parallel circuit divides as it reaches each branch.​

Parallel Circuits

• In a parallel circuit, if a light burns out, electrons will have different paths to flow so only the light that burns out will go dark without affecting the rest of the lights.​

Parallel Circuits

• Unlike a series circuit, the lights will stay bright no matter how many lightbulbs you add to the parallel circuit. ​

Parallel Circuits

• Our homes are wired up with parallel circuits. Even if your bedroom lights burn out, the rest of the house will still have working lights. You can also turn off your computer and your TV will still be on.​

Benefits of Parallel Circuits

• Useful if you want everything to work, even if one component has failed. ​

Circuit Diagrams

• A circuit diagram is a map of a circuit. The purpose of the diagram is to use circuit symbols instead of drawing each component in the circuit. Scientists and electricians use these diagrams.​

Conductors

• Conductors are materials that let electricity pass through them easily. Examples of conductors are metals such as copper, iron, steel, and silver, as well as water, people, animals, and trees.​

Insulators

• Insulators are materials that do not allow electricity to pass through them. Plastic, glass, wood, and rubber are good examples of insulators. They are used to cover materials that carry electricity such as the plastic covering that surrounds wires. ​

EXIT TICKET

Multiple Choice

Bulb B burns out in this circuit. Which bulb(s) will remain lit?

• Bulb A only

• Bulbs C and D only

• Bulbs A, C, and D only

• None of the bulbs will remain lit

Do NOW

Labelling

Match the labels to the image.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

battery

bulb

wires

buzzer

switch

Light Energy

• A form of electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength, which can be seen by the human eye.

• Energy that travels in waves.

• It is energy that we can see.

Transparent, Translucent, Opaque

• Transparent: Light travels through

• Translucent: Some light travels through

• Opaque: No light travels through

Refraction

• When light hits a surface and Bends.

Reflection

• When light hits a surface

  and Bounces.

Thermal Energy

• The energy that an object has due to the movement of it's atoms and molecules.

• The more they move, the more thermal energy an object has.

• This energy can be transferred from one object to another as heat.

Conduction

• The transfer of energy between adjacent molecules.

• If you touch a hot pan that is being used to boil water on a burner, your hand will feel the heat. The molecules are transferring to deliver the heat energy to your hand.

Convection

• The movement of a hot fluid.

• The particles inside of any type of matter that has thermal energy are moving very quickly.

• When particles move quickly their state of matter can change (Pure water turns into water vapor when boiled, a liquid to a gas).

Radiation

• The transfer of energy in electromagnetic rays.

Sound Energy

• The movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves.

• It is energy we can hear.

• This energy is transmitted by vibrations

  • Vibrations are rapid back and forth movements.

Frequency