Grammar

English revision for Joy

Passive verbs-Passive Voice

The subject is one acted upon by the action or verb in the sentence. (The object of the original sentence-the active voice)

The passive voice

The noun or pronoun that acts as the subject in the sentence is the doer of the action. In other words, the subject performs the action or acts upon the verb.

The active voice

Voice : The term ‘voice’ is a term that is used to denote the form of the verb which shows if the subject in a given sentence is the doer or receiver of the action.

A pyramid was built

Pyramids were being built


Cricket has been played

Cricket will be played

Passive verbs (Verb be+V3)

Egyptians built a pyramid

Egyptians were building Pyramids.
Tom has played cricket.
Brendon will play cricket.

Active verbs (Tenses)

Structure of active and passive verbs

Multiple Choice

All the reservations will be made by the wedding planner.

• Active

• Passive

Multiple Choice

Thousands of tourists view the Grand Canyon every year.

• Active

• Passive

Multiple Choice

The Pyramids, which were built in Egypt, were the most impressive their time.

• Were

• Were built

• were the most

Poll

How well do you understand what passive verbs are?

• 100%

• 75%

• 50%

Use of commas

Multiple Choice

Which sentence demonstrates using a comma before a conjunction. 

• Mark, my bald neighbor, has a dog named Gracie.
• Why, I wish all views were as beautiful as this! 
• I have to complete my math homework, and study for my comma test. 
• Dear Grandma, 

Multiple Choice

Where should the comma go?
Fortunately the vehicle worked well.

• vehicle, 
•  worked, 
• Fortunately, 
• The  sentence does not need commas

Multiple Choice

Which sentence demonstrates using commas to separate items in a series? 

• The zoo director had to feed the animals, guide visitors, and keep the grounds safe and clean. 
• We planned a road trip, so we packed lots of snacks. 
• Good morning, please get out a book and read for the first 10 minutes of class. 
• The time of our club meeting, by the way, has changed to 5:00

Multiple Choice

Which sentence uses the commas correctly? 

• Lisa, who was wearing a new dress yelled at the waiter who spilled the water on her.
•  Lisa who, was wearing a new dress yelled at the waiter, who spilled water on her. 
• Lisa, who was wearing a new dress, yelled at the waiter who spilled the water on her. 
• Lisa, who was wearing a new dress, yelled at the waiter, who spilled the water on her. 

Multiple Choice

Which sentence uses commas correctly?

• Jake my black, and white cat, loves to sleep on the couch next to me. 
• Jake, my black and white cat, loves to sleep on the couch next to me. 
• Jake my black and white cat, loves to sleep on the couch next to me. 
• Jake, my black and white cat loves to sleep on the couch next to me. 

Multiple Choice

Which sentence demonstrates using a comma to set off an expression that interrupts a sentence? 

• No one claimed the lost dog that I found, so I decided to keep her. 
• Running across the lawn, a squirrel caught Nala's attention. 
• P.O. Box 338, 
• My burger, to tell the truth, is overcooked. 

Multiple Choice

What is the correct edit for this sentence?
My best friend who moved away last summer visited over spring break

• My best friend who moved away last summer visited over spring break.
• My best friend, who moved away last summer visited over spring break.
• My best friend, who moved away last summer, visited over spring break.
• My best friend who moved away last summer, visited over spring break.

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A subordinate clause is dependent on the main clause and can't make sense on its own.
To use a subordinate clause, you have to use a main clause (Full sentence) and a subordinating conjunction too.

Main clause:

• Sushi is my favourite food.

Main clause+Conj+Subordinate clause:

• Sushi is my favourite food because it's delicious.

• Sushi, which is my favourite food, is delicious.

Subordinate clauses will often begin with:

-Subordinating conjunctions, which are words that link dependent clauses to independent clauses, such as for, as, since, therefore, hence, consequently, though, due to, provided that, because, unless, once, while, when, whenever, where, wherever, before, and after.

-They can also begin with relative pronouns such as that, which, who, whom, whichever, whoever, whomever, and whose.

-Clauses that begin with gerunds (ING verbs)

.

subordinating clauses can begin with a gerund. Gerunds are verb forms that end in -ing and function as nouns. When used in a subordinating clause, they can act as the subject or object of the clause.

For example:

It’s important to note that gerunds are not always used in subordinating clauses.

Multiple Choice

What is a main clause?

• A sentence that can stand on its own.

• A partial sentence that cannot stand on its own

• A sentence that uses a subordinate conjunction.

Multiple Choice

What is a subordinate clause?

• A part of a sentence that does not make up a complete sentence on its own.

• A complete sentence.

• A sentence about being dependable.

• A sentence that does not need any additional clause to complete it.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a subordinate conjunction?

• Since

• Although

• If

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Find the subordinate clause:

If the manager is unable to help, try the assistant manager

• If the manager is unable to help

• try the assistant manager

Multiple Choice

Is the underlined portion the main clause or subordinate clause?

If it is raining outside, we will not be able to go hiking.

• Main clause

• Subordinate

Multiple Choice

Is the underlined portion the main clause or subordinate clause?

I like to go to the mall because I can find all of my favorite stores.

• Main clause

• Subordinate

Multiple Choice

Is the underlined portion the independent or subordinate clause?

Although I like cheese pizza, pepperoni pizza is my favorite kind of pizza.

• Main clause

• Subordinate

Multiple Choice

Is the underlined portion the main clause or subordinate clause?

Sometimes we go running when it is windy outside.

• Main Clause

• Subordinate

Figures of speech

Multiple Choice

The piano sang a mournful song.

• Personification

• NOT Personification

Multiple Choice

The heavy hail dented cars and cracked windows.

• Personification

• NOT Personification

Multiple Choice

The trees dressed up in red and gold to celebrate the start of autumn.

• Personification

• NOT Personification

Multiple Choice

What is a metaphor?

• A comparison using "like" or "as"

• A comparison without using "like" or "as"

• A figure of speech in which the word imitates it's meaning.

• An extreme exaggeration

Multiple Choice

Which of the following sentences contains a metaphor?

• The boy was upset at himself.

• The boy was a tornado of emotion

• The boy said he'd die of shame

• The boy did not like what he'd done.

Multiple Choice

What is an idiom?

• A bird?

• A device used to confuse the reader.

• A word or phrase that does not mean what it says.

• A group of words that begin with the same sound.

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a simile?

• My heart is a cold black stone

• The moon smiled down on us

• She's as pale as a sheet

• The sea is a hungry dog

Multiple Choice

This part of speech give human characteristic to non human entities.

• simile
• metaphor
• personification
• hyperbole

Multiple Choice

Figure of speech in which the author makes an obvious exaggeration.

• idiom
• simile
• hyperbole
• alliteration

Multiple Choice

What is the figure of speech in which nonhuman or nonliving things are spoken about as if they were human?

• simile
• metaphor 
• personification
• hyperbole

Multiple Choice

"I'm so hungry, I could eat a cow!" is an example of

• Hyperbole
• Personfication
• Rhyme
• Rhythm

Multiple Choice

your eyes whispered, "have we met?"

• simile

• irony

• personification

• hyperbole

Multiple Choice

What is the figure of speech called when words imitate and reproduce real-life sounds and actions?

• Hyperbole

• Onomatopoeia

• Assonance

• Personification

• Metaphor

Multiple Choice

The use of words whose sounds suggest the sounds made by objects or activities.

• onomatopoeia
• consonance
• end rhyme
• internal rhyme

Multiple Choice

Identify the sound device:
She sang somber songs on Saturdays.

• assonance
• alliteration
• rhyme
• repetition

Text A : The Titanic


The Titanic was the world’s largest passenger ship of its time but it sank after hitting an iceberg 1 during its first voyage in 1912.

The Titanic, which was built in Belfast, Northern Ireland, was the most impressive 5 and luxurious ship of her time. She was the biggest, too, measuring 28 metres wide, 53 metres tall and 269 metres long – that’s about the length of three football fields! After three years in construction, the ship was ready for the ocean by the end of March 1912.

On 10 April 1912, the Titanic set out on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic 10 Ocean. As she set sail, the Titanic had 900 crew members and over 1300 passengers. These included holiday-makers, businessmen and people who wanted to start a new life in the US.

Life on board the Titanic depended on who you were and how much money you had. Wealthy people travelled in first class, located at the top of the ship. They 15 enjoyed delicious food in an elegant dining room and had access to lots of facilities. Second-class accommodation consisted of cabins with two or four beds, limited storage, a sink and a mirror. Second-class passengers could also enjoy a library and a nice restaurant. The third-class facilities, at the bottom of the ship, were much more basic. Cabins there held up to ten people and food 20 was served three times a day in a simple dining room. The big downside was that all 700 passengers had to share two bathtubs!

Around midnight on day five of her maiden voyage, an iceberg loomed out of the darkness. Too big to quickly change direction, the Titanic scraped along the ice, tearing holes in her side. The captain and crew knew that the collision meant the 25 Titanic would sink in just hours. At around 2 a.m. the vessel broke into two, sending everyone still on board into the freezing water. There were only enough lifeboats to hold around half the people on board. More than 1500 people lost their lives on the Titanic that fateful night. Glossary 30 1 iceberg: a floating mountain of ice

Open Ended

Look at the second paragraph. (a) Give one phrase that means first trip.

The Titanic, which was built in Belfast, Northern Ireland, was the most impressive 5 and luxurious ship of her time. She was the biggest, too, measuring 28 metres wide, 53 metres tall and 269 metres long – that’s about the length of three football fields! After three years in construction, the ship was ready for the ocean by the end of March 1912.

Open Ended

(b) Which group of passengers on the Titanic would have bought one-way tickets?

On 10 April 1912, the Titanic set out on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic 10 Ocean. As she set sail, the Titanic had 900 crew members and over 1300 passengers. These included holiday-makers, businessmen and people who wanted to start a new life in the US.

Open Ended

3 How does the writer link the ideas between the first and second paragraphs?

The Titanic, which was built in Belfast, Northern Ireland, was the most impressive 5 and luxurious ship of her time. She was the biggest, too, measuring 28 metres wide, 53 metres tall and 269 metres long – that’s about the length of three football fields! After three years in construction, the ship was ready for the ocean by the end of March 1912.

On 10 April 1912, the Titanic set out on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic 10 Ocean. As she set sail, the Titanic had 900 crew members and over 1300 passengers. These included holiday-makers, businessmen and people who wanted to start a new life in the US

Life on board the Titanic depended on who you were and how much money you had. Wealthy people travelled in first class, located at the top of the ship. They 15 enjoyed delicious food in an elegant dining room and had access to lots of facilities. Second-class accommodation consisted of cabins with two or four beds, limited storage, a sink and a mirror. Second-class passengers could also enjoy a library and a nice restaurant. The third-class facilities, at the bottom of the ship, were much more basic. Cabins there held up to ten people and food 20 was served three times a day in a simple dining room. The big downside was that all 700 passengers had to share two bathtubs!

Around midnight on day five of her maiden voyage, an iceberg loomed out of the darkness. Too big to quickly change direction, the Titanic scraped along the ice, tearing holes in her side. The captain and crew knew that the collision meant the 25 Titanic would sink in just hours. At around 2 a.m. the vessel broke into two, sending everyone still on board into the freezing water. There were only enough lifeboats to hold around half the people on board. More than 1500 people lost their lives on the Titanic that fateful night. Glossary 30 1 iceberg: a floating mountain of ice

Multiple Select

(d) Do you think you would like to have been a second-class passenger on the Titanic? Tick (🗸) one box.

• Yes

• No

Open Ended

Give two pieces of evidence from the text to support your answer. Piece of evidence 1:

Life on board the Titanic depended on who you were and how much money you had. Wealthy people travelled in first class, located at the top of the ship. They 15 enjoyed delicious food in an elegant dining room and had access to lots of facilities. Second-class accommodation consisted of cabins with two or four beds, limited storage, a sink and a mirror. Second-class passengers could also enjoy a library and a nice restaurant. The third-class facilities, at the bottom of the ship, were much more basic. Cabins there held up to ten people and food 20 was served three times a day in a simple dining room. The big downside was that all 700 passengers had to share two bathtubs!

Open Ended

Give two pieces of evidence from the text to support your answer. Piece of evidence 2:

Life on board the Titanic depended on who you were and how much money you had. Wealthy people travelled in first class, located at the top of the ship. They 15 enjoyed delicious food in an elegant dining room and had access to lots of facilities. Second-class accommodation consisted of cabins with two or four beds, limited storage, a sink and a mirror. Second-class passengers could also enjoy a library and a nice restaurant. The third-class facilities, at the bottom of the ship, were much more basic. Cabins there held up to ten people and food 20 was served three times a day in a simple dining room. The big downside was that all 700 passengers had to share two bathtubs!

Around midnight on day five of her maiden voyage, an iceberg loomed out of the darkness. Too big to quickly change direction, the Titanic scraped along the ice, tearing holes in her side. The captain and crew knew that the collision meant the 25 Titanic would sink in just hours. At around 2 a.m. the vessel broke into two, sending everyone still on board into the freezing water. There were only enough lifeboats to hold around half the people on board. More than 1500 people lost their lives on the Titanic that fateful night. Glossary 30 1 iceberg: a floating mountain of ice

Open Ended

The information in the final paragraph connects back to the second paragraph. Explain how. Give one idea.

Open Ended

(c) How do you think the captain felt when the Titanic hit the iceberg? Explain your answer giving evidence from the text.

1. Explanation

2.Evidence

Around midnight on day five of her maiden voyage, an iceberg loomed out of the darkness. Too big to quickly change direction, the Titanic scraped along the ice, tearing holes in her side. The captain and crew knew that the collision meant the 25 Titanic would sink in just hours. At around 2 a.m. the vessel broke into two, sending everyone still on board into the freezing water. There were only enough lifeboats to hold around half the people on board. More than 1500 people lost their lives on the Titanic that fateful night.

Text A : The Titanic


The Titanic was the world’s largest passenger ship of its time but it sank after hitting an iceberg 1 during its first voyage in 1912.

The Titanic, which was built in Belfast, Northern Ireland, was the most impressive 5 and luxurious ship of her time. She was the biggest, too, measuring 28 metres wide, 53 metres tall and 269 metres long – that’s about the length of three football fields! After three years in construction, the ship was ready for the ocean by the end of March 1912.

On 10 April 1912, the Titanic set out on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic 10 Ocean. As she set sail, the Titanic had 900 crew members and over 1300 passengers. These included holiday-makers, businessmen and people who wanted to start a new life in the US.

Life on board the Titanic depended on who you were and how much money you had. Wealthy people travelled in first class, located at the top of the ship. They 15 enjoyed delicious food in an elegant dining room and had access to lots of facilities. Second-class accommodation consisted of cabins with two or four beds, limited storage, a sink and a mirror. Second-class passengers could also enjoy a library and a nice restaurant. The third-class facilities, at the bottom of the ship, were much more basic. Cabins there held up to ten people and food 20 was served three times a day in a simple dining room. The big downside was that all 700 passengers had to share two bathtubs!

Around midnight on day five of her maiden voyage, an iceberg loomed out of the darkness. Too big to quickly change direction, the Titanic scraped along the ice, tearing holes in her side. The captain and crew knew that the collision meant the 25 Titanic would sink in just hours. At around 2 a.m. the vessel broke into two, sending everyone still on board into the freezing water. There were only enough lifeboats to hold around half the people on board. More than 1500 people lost their lives on the Titanic that fateful night. Glossary 30 1 iceberg: a floating mountain of ice

Open Ended

The information in the final paragraph connects back to the second paragraph. Explain how. Give one idea.