U4L1 - Lecture Notes - Development of the Periodic Modern Table

Essential Questions

• How was the periodic table developed?

• What are the key features of the periodic table?

Development of the Periodic Table

• In the 1700s, Lavoisier compiled a list of all the known elements of the time.

Multiple Select

Which were categories in Lavoisier's Table of Simple Substances?

Multiple select question.

• nonmetals

• gases

• metalloids

• Earths

• metals

Development of the Periodic Table

• The 1800s brought large amounts of information
and scientists needed a way to organize knowledge
about elements.

• John Newlands proposed an arrangement
where elements were ordered by increasing
atomic mass.

• Newlands noticed when the elements
were arranged by increasing atomic
mass, their properties repeated every
eighth element.

Development of the Periodic Table

• Meyer and Mendeleev both demonstrated
a connection between atomic mass and
elemental properties.

• Moseley rearranged the table by increasing
atomic number, and resulted in a clear
periodic pattern.

• Periodic repetition of chemical and physical
properties of the elements when they are
arranged by increasing atomic number is
called periodic law.

Multiple Choice

Moseley improved the pattern of properties in the periodic table by arranging elements by ______.

Multiple choice question.

• atomic mass

• atomic number

• atomic symbol

• atomic radius

Multiple Select

Which were features of Mendeleev's periodic table?

Multiple select question.

• atomic masses were determined by mass spectrometer

• elements in columns had similar properties

• blank spaces predicted elements yet to be discovered

• the arrangement of elements was based on electron configuration

The Modern Periodic Table

• The modern periodic table contains boxes that contain the element's
name, symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.

Multiple Select

The modern periodic table contains boxes that contain which of the following?

• Element's Name

• Symbol

• Atomic Number

• Atomic Mass

• Valence electrons

The Modern Periodic Table

• Columns of elements are called groups.

• Rows of elements are called periods.

• Elements in groups 1,2, and 13–18 possess a wide variety of chemical and
physical properties and are called the representative elements.

• Elements in groups 3–12 are known as the transition metals.

​• Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

​• Metals are elements that are generally shiny when smooth and clean, solid at room temperature, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

​• Alkali metals are all the elements in group 1 except hydrogen, and are very reactive.

​•Alkaline earth metals are in group 2, and are also highly reactive.

The Modern Periodic Table

• The transition elements are divided into transition metals and inner transition metals.

• The two sets of inner transition metals are called the lanthanide series and
actinide series and are located at the bottom of the periodic table.

Development of the Modern Periodic Table
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

​• Nonmetals are elements that are generally gases or brittle, dull-looking solids, and
poor conductors of heat and electricity.

​• Group 17 is composed of highly reactive elements called halogens.

​• Group 18 gases are extremely unreactive and commonly called noble gases.

​• Metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, have physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Match

Match the following

• Nonmetals

• Halogens

• Noble gases

• Metalloids

generally gases or brittle, dull-looking

Group 17 is composed of highly reactive

Group 18 gases are extremely unreactive

have physical and chemical properties

• generally gases or brittle, dull-looking

• Group 17 is composed of highly reactive

• Group 18 gases are extremely unreactive

• have physical and chemical properties

The Modern Periodic Table