Cell Organelles

Is there a relationship between the cell structure and its function? Of course there is. The structure-function relationship describes a pattern evident throughout biological systems. This relationship is evident in proteins (protein structure determines its function), nucleic acids (nucleic acid structure results in a genetic code), anatomy (longer necked giraffes are more functional than short neck giraffes), as well as cells. Using the human body as an example, specialized cells perform many diverse functions, from digestion and excretion to message transmission and oxygen distribution. The structure of each type of human cell depends on what function it will perform. This structure-function relationship can be extended to all other organisms, from the largest whale to the smallest bacteria.

​Structure and Function

Multiple Choice

This tissue forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, and filters.

• nervous

• epithelial

• muscle

• connective

Multiple Choice

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function.

• Tissue

• Organ

• Organ System

• Biomolecule

Multiple Choice

The function of this tissue type is internal communication.

• epithelial

• connective

• muscle

• nervous

Multiple Choice

This tissue type contracts to cause movement.

• epithelial

• connective

• nervous

• muscle

Multiple Choice

This tissue type supports, protects, binds other tissues together.

• nervous

• muscle

• epithelial

• connective

Multiple Choice

This tissue type is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

• nervous

• muscle

• epithelial

• connective

Multiple Choice

This type of tissue includes bones, tendons, fat and other soft padding tissue.

• nervous

• muscle

• epithelial

• connective

Multiple Choice

This tissue type is found in linings of digestive tract organs, skin surface, and other hollow organs.

• nervous

• muscle

• epithelial

• connective

Nucleus

• Directs cell activities
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane(envelope) which has openings that allow some material to enter and leave nucleus
• Contains genetic material - DNA
• Nucleolus contains RNA to help assemble proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Moves materials around in cell
• Smooth type: no ribosomes, lipid and steroid synthesis
• Rough type: contains ribosomes, the proteins made here are pinched off in vesicles which move to the Golgi

Ribosomes

• Each cell contains thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on Rough ER & floating throughout the cell
• Is not surrounded by a membrane!! Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

​Golgi Apparatus

​• Protein 'packaging plant'
• Move materials within and out of the cell
• Processes the proteins made in the ER

Vesicles

• Small membrane bound sacs that are used to transport molecules into, out of and through the
eukaryotic cell.

​Mitochondria

​• Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
• Converts chemical food energy into usable energy for the cell (ATP)
• Recycles and decomposes proteins,
fats, and carbohydrates

Vacuoles

• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain shape

​Cell (Plasma) Membrane

​• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
• Double layer called the phospholipid bilayer
• Selectively permeable which means only certain things enter and exit the cell.

Lysosome

• Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

• Cytoskeleton is made up of the long, strong proteins that helps the cell keep its shape and structure. It also helps the cell divide into two cells as it reproduces.

Cytoskeleton

• Flagella are long, wavy structures that are used to move an entire cell.

• Cilia are short, hair-like structures that are used to move entire cells or substances along the outer surface of the cell.
  

FLAGELLA and CILIA

CYTOPLASM

• Gel-like mixture that protects organelles
• Stores the molecules required for cellular processes
• Surrounded by cell membrane

Multiple Choice

Which organelle contains genetic material?

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Golgi Complex

• Nucleolus

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the vacuole?

• Sac that stores water, nutrients, and waste products

• Sac filled with digestive chemicals

• Jelly-like substance within the plasma membrane

• stack of membranes that packages chemicals

Multiple Choice

This organelle takes food and turns it into ENERGY for plant and animal cells.

• Chloroplast

• Mitochondria

• Lysosome

• Ribosome

Multiple Choice

This is a double layer of phospholipids that creates a barrier between the cells internal and external environments; it controls what comes in or out of the cell (selective permeable)

• Nucleus

• Cilia

• Cell membrane

• Flagella

Multiple Choice

What is the fluid inside a cell called? 

• Endoplasimic Reticulum

• Orange Juice

• Water

• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

Transports molecules throughout the cell. The "vehicle" of the cell.

• Vesicle

• Ribosomes

• Chloroplasts

• Golgi Apparatus

Multiple Choice

Which organelle receives proteins and materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them?

• lysosomes

• golgi apparatus

• ribosomes

• endoplasmic reticulum

Multiple Choice

What makes the endoplasmic reticulum rough?

• Vessicles

• Vacuoles

• Ribosomes

• Chromosomes

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is responsible for cell movement?

• pili

• flagella

• cytoskeleton

• it's legs

Multiple Select

Which of the following is the function of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.

• Provides instructions to the cell and other organelles.

• Regulates compounds in and out fo the cell.

• Allows cells to communicate and interact with other cells.

• Breaks down wastes and other compounds.

• Protects the cell from its environment.

Multiple Choice

What does "Selective Permeability" mean?

• It means the cell membraned select the cells they want to surround.

• It means that cells only allow certain things in and certain things out.

• It is an organization the selects permeable membranes.

• It is an idea that is either selected or rejected.