The Rise of Rome: From Republic - Notes 10/24-25ublic to Empire

The Rise of Rome

• Rome grew from a REPUBLIC to an EMPIRE over a period of 500 years.

• EXPANSION had four major periods.

1st Period of Exapansion: The Etruscan Conquest

Rome's first period of expansion was marked by the conquest of Rome by the Etruscans. This event shaped the early history of Rome and laid the foundation for its future growth.

The Etruscans, an advanced civilization, ruled over Rome for a period before being overthrown by the Romans. This conquest was a crucial turning point in Rome's journey towards becoming a powerful empire.

1. Rome became a republic after driving out the last Etruscan king.

2. Romans conquered their Latin neighbors and defeated the Etruscans.

3. They made allies of their former enemies.

Multiple Choice

What was the first period of expansion for Rome?

• The growth of the Etruscans from a republic to an empire.

• • Romans conquered their Latin neighbors and defeated the Etruscans.

• The formation of new cultural practices.

Multiple Choice

By the time the first period of Roman expansion ended in 264 B.C.E., Rome and its allies controlled...

• all of North Africa.
• the Italian peninsula.
• the British isles.
• the Greek peninsula.

Multiple Choice

The Etruscans...

• were advanced civilization, ruled over Rome for a period before being overthrown by the Romans.

• • were responsible for the creation of pasta.

• conquered Macedonia and Greece.

The 2nd Period of Expansion

Rome's expansion threatened the Persian Empire and Carthage

The Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage: a series of conflicts that lasted for over a century. These wars were fought for control over trade routes and dominance in the Mediterranean. The most famous Carthaginian general, Hannibal, famously crossed the Alps with his army to attack Rome directly.

• Punic Wars were fought with Carthage- Rome gained control of North Africa, Spain, Sicily, Macedonia, and Greece

• Rome eventually ruled the entire Mediterranean world

Multiple Choice

Carthage was located in...

• Spain.
• Sicily.
• Africa.
• Syria.

Multiple Choice

Which empires did Rome threaten during the 2nd period of expansion?

• Persian Empire and Carthage

• Carthage

• Macedonia

• Greece

Multiple Choice

The Punic Wars...

• a series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage; that lasted over a century; fought for control over trade routes & dominance in the Mediterranean.

• were insignificant in the expansion of Rome.

• were important to the growth of the Etruscans.

• allowed the Greeks to become allies with the Etruscans.

Multiple Choice

• After the Punic Wars, Rome gained control of:

• • North Africa

• Spain

• Sicily

• Macedonia & Greece

• All of the Above

Multiple Choice

Who was Hannibal and what did he accomplish in the Second Punic War?

• He was a Roman general who defended Rome for 15 years.
• He was a Carthaginian general who burned Rome to the ground.
• He was a Roman general who burned Carthage to the ground.
• He was a Carthaginian general who attacked Rome from the Alps.

Multiple Choice

Rome's wars with Carthage were known as the...

• Carthage Wars.
• Punic Wars.
• Mediterranean Wars.
• Sea Wars.

The Third Period of Expansion

• 145 to 44 B.C.E: Rome would rule the entire Mediterranean world.

• In the EAST: Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt

• In the WEST: Julius Caesar, conquered much of Gaul (modern-day France)

Romans now called the Mediterranean “our sea.” However, the republic was in trouble because civil wars divided the city. Roman generals were becoming dictators and setting their armies against the power of the Senate. Caesar himself ruled as a dictator for life until he was assassinated in 44 B.C.E.

The men who murdered Caesar thought they were saving the power of the Senate. However, several more years of civil war followed. Then Caesar's grandnephew, Octavian, seized total power. The Senate named him Augustus, or “honored one.” Rome was now an empire governed by one supreme ruler.

Multiple Choice

What was the reason for Rome's expansion during the third period?

• To spread their religion
• To protect their borders and gain more land
• To establish a monarchy
• To rule the entire Mediterranean world

Multiple Choice

What territories did Rome gain during the third period of expansion?

• Much of Gaul (modern-day France)
• Control over the entire Italian peninsula and North Africa
• Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt
• None of the above

Multiple Choice

Who became the ruler of Rome after Julius Caesar's assassination?

• Asia Minor

• Syria

• Egypt

• Octavian, also named "Augustus"

The Fourth Period of Expansion: Start of an Empire

• Began with the start of the empire and lasted until 14 C.E.

• The first emperor, Augustus, added an enormous amount of new territory

• Used natural barriers: made defense easier

  • rivers and mountains protected against invaders

  • maintained control over borders

  • crucial factor in the empire's military success

• At its strongest, the Roman Empire stretched from the island of Britain in the EUROPE (northwest) to the Black Sea in ASIA MINOR (east).

Multiple Choice

What ONE of the reasons for the Roman Empire's expansion of it's borders?

• To establish natural boundaries for easier defense

• To gain control over the Black Sea region

• To conquer the island of Britain

• To increase the empire's wealth

Multiple Choice

What was the impact of natural boundaries on the expansion of the Roman Empire?

• They made the empire more vulnerable to attack
• They made it easier to defend the empire
• They made it harder to expand the empire
• They had no impact on the expansion of the empire

Multiple Choice

During the fourth period of expansion, Rome was a...

• Dictatorship

• Republic

• Oligarchy

• Empire

Multiple Choice

During the fourth period of expansion what new region did the Roman Empire conquer?

• Britain

• Italian Peninsula

• Carthage

• Arabian Pennisula