Covalent Bonds Notes

Molecules

Two or more atoms of the same or
different elements, covalently bonded
together.

Molecules are discrete structures, and
their formulas represent each atom
present in the molecule.

Carbon
tetrachloride,
CCl4

Binary Molecular Compounds

▪ Compounds between two nonmetals
▪ First element in the formula is named first.

▪ Keeps its element name
▪ Gets a prefix if there is a subscript on it

▪ Second element is named second

▪ Use the root of the element name plus the

-ide suffix

▪ Always use a prefix on the second element

List of
Prefixes

▪ 1 = mon(o)
▪ 2 = di
▪ 3 = tri
▪ 4 = tetra
▪ 5 = penta
▪ 6 = hexa
▪ 7 = hepta
▪ 8 = octa
▪ 9 = nona
▪ 10 = deca

Naming Binary Compounds

P2O5=

CO2 =

CO =

N2O =

diphosphorus pentoxide

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide

dinitrogen monoxide

Practice – Write the Formula

Check next slide for answers

Answers – Write the Formula

Practice – Name the Compounds

Check next slide for answers

Answers – Name the Compounds

Properties of Covalent Bonds

� Covalent bonds are much weaker

than ionic bonds

� Much lower melting and boiling

points

� Is a solid, liquid, or gas at room

temperature

� Non-conductors in any state

Multiple Choice

How do covalent bonds form?

• Donating & receiving valence electrons between atoms

• Oppositely charged ions attract each other & form bonds

• Scientists are still not sure how they form

• Sharing valence electrons between atoms

Multiple Choice

The formation of a covalent bond relies on the interaction or bonding of...

• 2 Nonmetals

• 1 Nonmetal & 1 Metal

• 2 Metals

• 2 Noble Gases

Multiple Choice

This is the displayed formula for what covalent compound?

• Water

• Hydrogen peroxide

• Hydrogen oxide

• Ethanol

Multiple Select

What does this picture illustrate? (Select all that apply)

• Sharing valence electrons

• Covalent bonding

• transferring valence electrons

• ionic bonding

• two nonmetals

Multiple Choice

What type of bond will this compound likely form [Na]⁺ & [Cl]^- ?

• Ionic compound

• Covalent compound

• Metallic compound

Multiple Choice

What type of bond will this compound likely form H-Cl?

• Ionic compound

• Covalent compound

• Metallic compound

Multiple Choice

When assigning the number of individual atoms in a chemical formula it is written as a...

• superscript

• subscript

• coefficient

• script

Multiple Choice

Name the following compound: 
N₂O₄

• dinitrogren tetraoxide
• tetranitrogen dioxide
• nitrogen oxide
• dinitrogen tetraoxygen

Multiple Choice

Name the following compound: 
CO₂

• monocarbon dioxide
• carbon oxide
• carbon dioxide
• oxygen carbonide

Multiple Choice

Name the following compound: 
CCl₄

• monocarbon quadchloride
• carbon tetrachloride
• carbon chloride
• monocarbon quadchloide

Multiple Choice

Write the formula for:
dinitrogen tetroxide

• N₂O₄
• NO₂
• NO
• N₄O₈

Multiple Choice

Write the formula for:
dinitrogen pentoxide

• NO
• N₂O₅
• 2NO₅
• O₅N

Multiple Choice

Write the formula for:
chlorine trifluoride

• ClF₃
• ClF
• Cl₃F
• 3ClF