Chapter 26

Chapter 26

Fill in the Blanks

is the largest single component of the body.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has the highest percentage of water content?

• early embryo

• infant

• adult male

• adult female

• ederly adult

Multiple Choice

Which of the following has the lowest percentage of water content?

• early embryo

• infant

• adult male

• adult female

• ederly adult

Reorder

Place the following individuals in order from highest water content to the lowest.

• early embryo

• infant

• adult male

• adult female

• ederly adult

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

The fluid found inside of cells is known as

• intracellular fluid

• extracellular fluid

Multiple Choice

The fluid found outside of cells is known as

• intracellular fluid

• extracellular fluid

Multiple Select

Examples of intracellular fluid are

• cytoplasm

• nucleoplasm

• matrix of mitochondria

• blood plasma

• synovial fluid

Multiple Select

Examples of extracellular fluid include

• cytoplasm

• lymph

• matrix of mitochondria

• blood plasma

• synovial fluid

Multiple Choice

The fluid found in microscopic spaces between cells is known as

• intracellular fluid

• interstitial fluid

• cytoplasm

• secretions

Multiple Choice

Most of the water in the body is

• intracellular fluid

• interstitial fluid

• blood plasma

• other

Match

Match the following

• dissolved components of a solution

• molecules that dissociate in a solution to form charged particles

• covalent bonds prevent dissociation in solution

solutes

electrolytes

non-electrolytes

• solutes

• electrolytes

• non-electrolytes

Multiple Choice

Solutions that conduct electrical current contain

• electrolytes

• non-electrolytes

Multiple Choice

Solutions that contain salts, acids, and bases as cations and anions contain

• electrolytes

• non-electrolytes

Multiple Choice

Solutions that contain proteins, carbs, lipids, urea, etc. that do not dissociate contain

• electrolytes

• non-electrolytes

Multiple Choice

Cations have a ________ charge.

• positive

• negative

Multiple Choice

Anions have a ________ charge.

• positive

• negative

Multiple Choice

Most body fluids are neutral.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Protein levels are lower in plasma and higher in interstitial fluid.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

The most common cation found in extracellular fluid is

• sodium

• chlorine

• potassium

• phosphate

Multiple Choice

The most common anion found in extracellular fluid is

• sodium

• chlorine

• potassium

• phosphate

Multiple Choice

The most common cation found in intracellular fluid is

• sodium

• chlorine

• potassium

• phosphate

Multiple Choice

The most common anion found in intracellular fluid is

• sodium

• chlorine

• potassium

• phosphate

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the link between external and internal environments AND between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid?

• blood plasma

• cytosol

• interstitial fluid

• lymph

Dropdown

​Increased ​

Select answer

pressure at arteriole end of capillary beds forces fluidand nutrients ​

Select answer

of blood anf into interstitial fluid. Increased ​

Select answer

pressure at the venous end of capillary beds pulls fluids and wastes ​

Select answer

the blood and out of the interstitial fluid.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following occurs when nutrients are pushed out of the capillary?

• filtration

• reabsorption

Multiple Choice

Which of the following occurs when waste is pushed into the capillary?

• filtration

• reabsorption

Multiple Choice

Movement of fluid and solutes from the extracellular fluid to intracellular compartments is more complex because the cell membrane is

• permeable

• impermeable

• selectively permeable

• freely permeable

Fill in the Blanks

Solutes move down a concentration but it is

.

Dropdown

Nutrients and oxygen move ​

Select answer

and toward whereas wastes and carbon dioxide move ​

Select answer

and away.

Match

Match the following

• water flows in and out of cells down its concentration gradient

• movement of solutes across the cell membrane down a concentration gradient

• movement of molecules down a concentration gradient via protein channels

• movement of substances against a concentration gradient (uses ATP)

osmosis

simple diffusion

facilitated diffusion

active transport

• osmosis

• simple diffusion

• facilitated diffusion

• active transport

Multiple Choice

To maintain a fluid balance, there is an obligatory water output based on your

• water input

• salt input

• water output

• acid base levels

Multiple Choice

When urine productin is above normal levels it is known as

• diuresis

• antidiuretic

• natrietic

• antinatrietic

Match

Match the following

• the primary hormone regulating water balance

• antagonistic to ADH

• secondary control of osmolarity

antidiuretic hormone

atrial natriuretic peptide

aldosterone

• antidiuretic hormone

• atrial natriuretic peptide

• aldosterone

Drag and Drop

ADH causes ​

Placeholder

urine output and an ​

Placeholder

in extracellular fluid.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

decrease

increase

Drag and Drop

ANP is secreted by atrial cells when blood volume is ​

Placeholder

. It blocks secretion of ​

Placeholder

by the posterior portion of the pituitaary gland. This causes an ​

Placeholder

in urine production and a ​

Placeholder

in extracellular fluid.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

high

ADH

increase

decrease

low

ANP

aldosterone

sodium

Drag and Drop

Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex when ​

Placeholder

is low. This ​

Placeholder

reabsorption of sodium, and since water follows sodium, urine output ​

Placeholder

. ANP is ​

Placeholder

to aldosterone.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

sodium

enhances

decreases

antagonistic

increases

ADH

ANP

water

inhibits

Match

Match the following disorders of water balance

• when water loss outpaces gains; cells can crenate

• hyposecretion of ADH

• water gains outpace loss; cells can lyse

dehydration

diabeted insipidus

hypotonic hydration

• dehydration

• diabeted insipidus

• hypotonic hydration

Multiple Choice

Hemorrhaging, severe burns, excessive vomitting, diarrhea, and profuse sweating can lead to

• dehydration

• diabeted insipidus

• hypotonic hydration

Multiple Choice

Renal failure or water retention can lead to

• dehydration

• diabeted insipidus

• hypotonic hydration

Match

Match the following

• regulated by aldosterone and ANP

• moves opposite to sodium

• follows sodium

• parathyroid hormone increase; calcitonin decreases

• parathyroid hormone decrease; calcitonin increases

sodium

potassium

chloride

calcium

phosphate

• sodium

• potassium

• chloride

• calcium

• phosphate

Multiple Select

"Hyper" means which of the following?

• high

• increased

• above normal

• decreased

• below normal

Multiple Select

"Hypo" means which of the following?

• high

• increased

• low

• decreased

• below normal

Multiple Choice

Which electrolyte does "natremia" refer to?

• sodium

• potassium

• phosphate

• chloride

• calcium

Multiple Choice

Which electrolyte does "kalemia" refer to?

• sodium

• potassium

• phosphate

• chloride

• calcium

Multiple Choice

Which electrolyte does "phosphatemia" refer to?

• protein

• magnesium

• phosphate

• chloride

• calcium

Multiple Choice

Which electrolyte does "chloremia" refer to?

• protein

• magnesium

• phosphate

• chloride

• calcium

Multiple Choice

Which electrolyte does "calcemia" refer to?

• protein

• magnesium

• phosphate

• chloride

• calcium

Multiple Choice

Which electrolyte does "magnesemia" refer to?

• protein

• magnesium

• phosphate

• chloride

• calcium

Multiple Choice

Which electrolyte does "proteinemia" refer to?

• protein

• magnesium

• phosphate

• chloride

• calcium

Match

Match the following

• release hydrogen ions in a solution; called proton donors

• release hydroxyl ions in a solution; proton acceptors

• negative log scale of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

• ionic compound that has a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH-

• substance that opposes pH changes in a solution by removing or replacing H+ ions

acids

bases

pH scale

salt

buffer

• acids

• bases

• pH scale

• salt

• buffer

Match

Match the following

• less than 7

• 7

• more than 7

acid

neutral

base

• acid

• neutral

• base

Multiple Choice

Blood pH is typically 7.35-7.45.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Weak acids dissociate compltely in a solution.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which buffer system is the most important in intracellular fluid and urine?

• phosphate buffer system

• protein buffer system

• carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Multiple Choice

Which buffer system is the most important in extracellular fluid?

• phosphate buffer system

• protein buffer system

• carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Multiple Choice

Which buffer system is the most important in the body?

• phosphate buffer system

• protein buffer system

• carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

Dropdown

Bicarbonate functions as a weak ​

Select answer

while carbonic acid functions as a weak ​

Select answer

. They are present in blood in a 20:1 ratio showing that this system is most effective at buffering changes that would make the body more ​

Select answer

.

Dropdown

In the phosphate buffer system, sodium dihygrogen phosphate acts as a weak ​

Select answer

and sodium phosphate serves as a weak ​

Select answer

.

Dropdown

Most proteins can function as buffers becuase the carboxyl groups can easily pick up ​

Select answer

ions; whereas, the amine groups can easily pick up ​

Select answer

ions.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are physiological buffers in the body?

• lungs

• kidneys

• proteins

• phosphate

• bicarbonate-carbonic acid

Fill in the Blanks

Partial pressure of ______ _______ is the most important factor affecting pH of body fluids.

Multiple Choice

Carbon dioxide concentration and pH are

• inverse

• direct

• same

• no correlation

Multiple Choice

When carbon dioxide dissolves in the blood it forms

• carbonic acid

• carbonic oxide

• methane

• oxygen

Dropdown

As the partial pressure of carbon dioxide ​

Select answer

the pH will ​

Select answer

. This means it will be more ​

Select answer

Dropdown

As the partial pressure of carbon dioxide ​

Select answer

the pH will ​

Select answer

​. This means it will be more ​

Select answer

.

Multiple Choice

When breathing rate is increased the pH of the body will

• increase

• decrease

Multiple Choice

When breathing rate is decreased the pH of the body will

• increase

• decrease

Multiple Choice

The kidneys are involved in conserving _____________ in the body.

• phosphate

• proteins

• bicarbonate

• carbon dioxide

Match

Match the following acid-balance disorders

• Decrease in blood pH caused by increased CO₂

• Decrease in blood pH caused by a decrease in bicarbonate ions

• Increase in blood pH caused by decreased CO₂

• Increased blood pH caused by increase in bicarbonate ions

respiratory acidosis

metabolic acidosis

respiratory alkalosis

metabolic alkalosis

• respiratory acidosis

• metabolic acidosis

• respiratory alkalosis

• metabolic alkalosis