Week 11 NURSE

Open Ended

Why is it important for healthcare professionals to understand the differences between various classes of antibiotics when treating infections?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best explains why antibiotics are ineffective against viruses?

• Viruses do not have the cellular structures targeted by antibiotics.

• Viruses are too small for antibiotics to affect them.

• Antibiotics only work on infections inside the bloodstream.

• Viruses reproduce too quickly for antibiotics to work.

Fill in the Blank

Gram staining determines the ability of the bacterial cell wall to retain a ___ stain by a basic dye (Gram-positive).

Multiple Select

Which of the following are considered Gram-positive bacteria?

• Staphylococcus aureus

• Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Neisseria meningitides

• Escherichia coli

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the difference between staphylococci and streptococci?

• Staphylococci are rod-shaped, while streptococci are spherical.

• Staphylococci appear in clusters, while streptococci are arranged in chains.

• Staphylococci are Gram-negative, while streptococci are Gram-positive.

• Staphylococci are found in the environment, while streptococci are only found in humans.

Open Ended

Explain how beta-lactamase production in bacteria contributes to antibiotic resistance and why this is clinically significant.

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics?

• Bactericidal antibiotics kill bacteria, while bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit their growth.

• Bactericidal antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis, while bacteriostatic antibiotics disrupt cell walls.

• Bactericidal antibiotics are only effective against Gram-positive bacteria, while bacteriostatic antibiotics are effective against Gram-negative bacteria.

• Bactericidal antibiotics cause more allergic reactions than bacteriostatic antibiotics.

Open Ended

Discuss the clinical implications of using broad-spectrum antibiotics versus narrow-spectrum antibiotics in the treatment of infections.

Open Ended

Explain why it is important to obtain cultures (e.g., blood, urine) before starting antibiotic therapy.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a key responsibility of nurses when administering antibiotics to patients?

• Check for allergies and possible drug interactions

• Administer antibiotics without checking for allergies

• Ignore patient-reported side effects

• Discontinue antibiotics as soon as the patient feels better

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about penicillin and cephalosporin resistance is correct?

• All bacteria resistant to penicillin are also resistant to cephalosporins

• Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporins can be due to beta-lactamase enzymes

• Beta-lactamase enzymes increase the effectiveness of penicillin

• Cephalosporins and penicillins have no structural similarities

Fill in the Blank

The absence of bacterial growth around an antibiotic indicates that the bacteria are ___ to that antibiotic.

Open Ended

Describe how beta-lactamase inhibitors help overcome resistance to penicillin.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are responsibilities of the nurse when caring for a patient receiving penicillin or cephalosporins?

• Assess for allergy to penicillin or cephalosporins

• Monitor for signs and symptoms of superinfection

• Obtain samples for laboratory culture and sensitivity testing

• Ignore mild allergic reactions

Multiple Choice

Which generation of cephalosporins is particularly effective against beta-lactamase-producing strains and is represented by ceftriaxone?

• First-generation

• Second-generation

• Third-generation

• Fourth-generation

Multiple Select

Which of the following are potential adverse effects of cephalosporins?

• Superinfection

• Bleeding

• Hepatotoxicity

• Hyperglycemia

Open Ended

List two key responsibilities of a nurse before administering cephalosporin therapy.

Fill in the Blank

Azithromycin is most active against most gram-___ bacteria.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are important instructions for patients taking azithromycin?

• Take on an empty stomach with a full glass of water

• Take with fruit juice

• Report any evidence of superinfection

• Stop medication as soon as symptoms improve

Fill in the Blank

Vancomycin is primarily used to treat serious bacterial infections such as MRSA and ___ infection.

Multiple Choice

What is the primary mechanism of action of vancomycin?

• Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

• Disrupts protein synthesis

• Inhibits DNA replication

• Blocks folic acid synthesis

Multiple Select

Which of the following are responsibilities of the nurse when administering vancomycin?

• Monitor trough and peak drug levels

• Adjust dose based on creatinine levels

• Administer with dairy products

• Monitor for infusion reactions

Open Ended

Explain why tetracyclines should not be given to children under 8 years old or to pregnant women.

Multiple Choice

Which dietary substances should be avoided when taking doxycycline to prevent decreased drug absorption?

• Dairy products, antacids, iron, calcium, magnesium

• Citrus fruits and juices

• High-protein foods

• Leafy green vegetables

Open Ended

Reflecting on today's lesson about infections, what is one thing you learned about the differences between bacteria and viruses that you found most surprising or important?

Multiple Choice

What is one key difference between bacteria and viruses in terms of their structure?

• Bacteria have a cell wall, viruses do not.

• Viruses have a nucleus, bacteria do not.

• Bacteria lack genetic material, viruses have it.

• Viruses can reproduce independently, bacteria cannot.