Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, Plant Cells and Animal Cells
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Science, Biology
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KG
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Practice Problem
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Medium
Derek Atlas
Used 15+ times
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42 Slides • 36 Questions
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Cells and Organelles lesson and quiz
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Prokaryotes
Earliest form of life on earth, first appeared about 3.5 BYA
Unicellular with NO NUCLEUS
Prokaryotes = Bacteria
No organelles
Some are heterotrophs(hunt for food), some are autotrophs(make own food)
reproduce asexually
Broken up into 2 kingdoms (Archaeabacteria and Eubacteria)
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is found inside a prokaryote?
cytoplasm
DNA
ribosomes
all of these
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Eukaryotes
Came after prokaryotes, Eukaryotes first appeared about 2.7 BYA
Can be multicellular or unicellular
Have A NUCLEUS
Have organelles (tiny organ like structures)
Eukaryotes are broken up into 4 kingdoms Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protista
can reproduce sexually or asexually
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Multiple Choice
Organisms that are made up of cells that lack a nucleus or membrane bound organelles are?
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
None of the above are correct.
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Multiple Choice
All of the following are organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT?
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Golgi body
All of the above are organelles in eukaryotes.
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Cell Theory
All organisms are made of cells
The cell is the basic building block of life
All cells come from pre-existing cells
First cell identified by Robert Hooke
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Multiple Choice
This is the smallest unit of an organism; it is enclosed by a membrane and performs life functions.
Atoms
Cells
Matter
Elements
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Multiple Choice
What sort of evidence would support at least one of the components of the cell theory?
Rocks and other nonliving things are not composed of cells.
Cells are observed converting one form of energy into another.
A microscope is necessary to make observations of nearly all cells.
The origin of all cells observed can be traced to previous cells.
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Multiple Choice
An amoeba is a one-celled organism. The cell theory states that which of the following characteristics of amoebas must be true?
All amoebas have a regular, spherical shape.
All amoebas move rapidly using cilia.
All amoebas have organelles called chloroplasts.
All amoebas come from other amoebas.
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Cell Theory
Cell theory states three things:
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. The cell is the smallest unit of life.
3. Cells come from other cells.
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?
The ability to reproduce.
Having a metabolism (using energy).
The ability to think.
Growth and development.
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a part of cell theory?
Cells come from other cells.
Cells are the smallest unit of life.
All living things are made of cells.
Some living things are not made of cells.
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Cells and Organelles
Cells are made of even smaller parts called organelles.
Organelle is a word that means "little organ".
So, just like your body has organs like your heart and lungs, cells have organelles like the nucleus and the mitochondria.
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Types of Cells
There are two main types of cells:
1. Prokaryotic Cells
2. Eukaryotic Cells
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Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells are mostly bacteria.
They are ALWAYS unicellular.
They NEVER have a nucleus.
They DO have DNA, a cell membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm.
They may also have a cell wall for protection and a flagella (a tail that helps them move).
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Prokaryotic Cells
They may also have a cell wall for protection and a flagella (a tail that helps them move).
Prokaryotic cells are usually much smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
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Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells can be further divided into plant cells and animal cells.
Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.
ALL eukaryotic cells have:
A nucleus
Membrane-bound organelles
As well as DNA, ribosomes, a cell membrane, and cytoplasm
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Multiple Choice
The two main types of cells are:
Prokaryotic and bacterial
Eukaryotic and plant
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Plant and animal
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Multiple Choice
Which type of cells have a nucleus? (Remember: "euks have nukes, pros have no")
Bacterial cells
Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells
All cells
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Multiple Choice
What does the word "organelle" mean?
Cell
Organ
Little organ
Little cell
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Multiple Choice
Which is NOT a characteristic of a bacterial (prokaryotic) cell?
Has DNA
Has a cell membrane
Has mitochondria
Has ribosomes
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Cell Membrane
All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have a cell membrane.
A cell membrane is like the cell's skin. It keeps the cell's insides in, and keeps other things out.
A cell membrane can also let certain things pass through (if the cell needs them.)
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Membrane-bound organelles
Membrane-bound organelles are just organelles with a membrane around them.
The organs in your body, like your heart and brain, have membranes around them. These membranes are like tiny versions of skin.
The organelles in a eukaryotic cell also have membranes around them.
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Nucleus
The nucleus is a very important membrane-bound organelle. The nucleus is like the brain of a eukaryotic cell. It acts as the cell's control center.
The nucleus contains the DNA, or genetic material, of the eukaryotic cell.
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Mitochondria
The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. It provides energy for cell.
The mitochondria also has its own DNA, separate from the DNA of the cell!
Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells, whether plant or animal.
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Other Organelles
There are many other membrane-bound organelles.
These include: the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and lysosomes.
Some of these organelles, like chloroplasts, are only found in plant cells.
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Multiple Choice
What does it mean for an organelle to be membrane-bound?
The organelle has its own membrane (like a little skin around it)
The organelle has its own nucleus (like a little brain)
The organelle is a cell all on its own
The organelle is bigger than a cell
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Multiple Choice
Which organelle produces energy for the cell?
The nucleus
The cell membrane
The Golgi apparatus
The mitochondria
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Multiple Choice
Which organelle keeps the insides of the cell in and acts like the skin of the cell?
The nucleus
The cell membrane
The Golgi apparatus
The mitochondria
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Plant cells vs Animal cells
There are two types of eukaryotic cell: plant cells and animal cells.
Both plant cells and animal cells have a nucleus, a cell membrane, ribosomes, and many of the same organelles.
For example, both plant and animal cells have mitochondria to produce energy.
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Plant cells vs Animal cells
However, there are important differences between plant and animal cells.
Plant cells have a cell wall outside of their cell membrane. This cell wall offers protection and support.
Plant cells also have a much larger central vacuole to store food and water.
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Plant cells vs Animal cells
Perhaps the most important difference between plant and animal cells is how they get food.
Plant cells have organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts produce food from sunlight and water in a process called photosynthesis.
Animal cells lack chloroplasts, so they cannot create their own food.
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Chloroplast DNA
Recall that earlier we said mitochondria have their own DNA, completely separate from the cell's DNA.
Chloroplasts also have their own DNA!
The fact that mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA has lead to . . .
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Endosymbiotic Theory
According to endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts were once independent, prokaryotic cells.
However, at some point they were absorbed by other cells. They continued living and reproducing inside those other cells.
That is why cells today have mitochondria and chloroplasts!
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Multiple Choice
The two types of eukaryotic cells are:
Plant and bacterial
Plant and animal
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Animal and bacterial
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Multiple Select
What kind of cells have mitochondria?
(There are two correct answers. Choose both correct answers.)
Plant cells
Animal cells
Bacterial cells
Prokaryotic cells
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Multiple Select
What do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
(There are three correct answers. Choose all three.)
Cell Walls
Central Vacuole
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
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Multiple Choice
What is the purpose of chloroplasts?
To produce energy
To contain the cell's DNA
To produce food
To store food and water
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Multiple Choice
What is the purpose of a central vacuole?
To produce energy
To contain the cell's DNA
To produce food
To store food and water
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Multiple Choice
What is the purpose of a cell wall?
To protect and support the cell
To contain the cell's DNA
To produce food
To store food and water
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Multiple Select
Which two organelles have their own DNA?
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
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Multiple Choice
According to endosymbiotic theory, why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA?
They are independent prokaryotic cells
They just do
They were once independent prokaryotic cells
They do not have their own DNA
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Multiple Choice
According to endosymbiotic theory, how did cells come to have mitochondria and chloroplasts?
They generated them spontaneously
They produced them over time
Larger cells absorbed them
They just do
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Multiple Choice
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To control what comes in and out of the cell
To break down food inside the cell
to serve as a barrier
to eat the cells food
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Multiple Choice
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Explanation Slide...
Remember.....Pro = NO nucleusEu = DO have a nucleus
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
Which organelle makes proteins?
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Ribosome
Lysosome
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Multiple Choice
Which organelle receives proteins and materials from the ER, packages them and distributes them
Vacuoles
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Chromatin
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
Which organelle produces the energy a cell needs to carry out its function
Mitochondria
Golgi Bodies
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
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Multiple Choice
what is the function of ribosomes
to assemble amino acids to create proteins
to pack proteins
to clean proteins
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
What is structure E, what is it's function?
Mitochondria, Packages cells
Golgi Body, Energy for the cell
Mitochondria, Energy for the cell
Golgi Body, Removes waste for the cell
Cells and Organelles lesson and quiz
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