Pan-Africanism and Apartheid

Pan-Africanism

Africans regardless of national origin Share a common heritage

• Called for unity among black peoples across the globe including former slaves, their descendants, or African who have migrated elsewhere.

• Began in the early 1900's with the goal of uniting Africans to gain independence from colonial rule.

3 Goals of Pan-Africanism

1. End European Rule in Africa

2. Unite all Africans under a common purpose/goal

3. Make a homeland of people from African descent

Pan- African Flag

Their flag was created as a symbol of unity for the people apart of the movement.

Unity

• African should be a homeland for descendants

• Focus on "Africa for Africans" - Build up ECON's, Culture, and Life

Modern Pan-Africanism Movement

Was formed to throw off colonial rule. They wanted independence from Europeans

Early Pan-Africanism

The 2 Phases

Multiple Choice

What is Pan-Africanism?

• All Africans are identical

• Africa was better under European Rule

• People should leave Africa and migrate across the world

• Africans need to unite under a common heritage

Multiple Select

What are the 3 goals of the movement? (3!!)

• Africa to be a homeland for African Descendants

• Freedom from European Rule

• African countries under one government

• Combine African and European cultures

• Africans to unite to work together for a common goal or purpose

Multiple Choice

What outcome did the early Pan-African movement have on Africa?

• Helped Europeans control and divide large portions of Africans

• Caused violence and conflict among African Tribes

• Helped unite Africans against European Rule

• Created a single African culture

Multiple Choice

The modern Pan-African movement has been successful to unite the African continent?

• True

• False

Creation of Apartheid

Under British Rule

• Society was unofficially segregated

• Rulers favored white south Africans

  • had many rights and a lot of power

• Black South Africans lacked basic human rights, many of which were right to access land, employment, and education

Independence....? Not really!

• South Africa gained independence in 1934 but segregation persisted

• When the british left power was still concentrated in the hands of white south Africans and the Dutch settlers

• Many kept or vied for for positions in the govt and continued to own much of the land and resources in south africa.

• In 1948 SA adopted "Apartheid" as their offical/legal policy

  • made it illegal for black S. Africans to participate in society

    • essentially making them 2nd class citizens in what use to be their own country.
      

Life under Apartheid

• Forced to leave their homes to live in seperate communities.

  • Had little to no rights to participate in the national government

• Forbidden to interact with whites in public areas

  • movies, restaurants, theaters, and transportation.

• Required to have a "passbook" in order to enter restricted areas that were for whites only.

• Did not revieve fair trials and were unjustly imprisoned

• Not allowed to intermarry

Multiple Choice

What is Apartheid?

• Rule and authority of British leaders in the S. African governmetn

• Lack of religious freedom

• segregation of black S.Africans in White South African society

Multiple Select

Under Apartheid who held all the power?

• Whites

• Native Africans

• Dutch

• Europeans

Multiple Choice

What group faced the most discrimination and mistreatment in S.Africa under Apartheid?

• European Descendants

• Governmental Leaders

• Judicial Figures

• Black South Africans

Nelson Mandela

• Mandela was a huge figure in the Apartheid movement. As a lawyer he opened the 1st black law firm in South Africa to defend poor black south africans who had "broken" apartheid laws

• In 1944 he joined the African National Congress (ANC) a political party working against racial segregation in SA

  • He eventually became its leader and organized protests and workers strikes to demand change in his country.

Mandela's Imprisonment

• In 1962 he himself was arrested for leading protests defying apartheid law. He was charged and convicted of Treason and sentenced to life in prision.

• This made him famous around the world, his imprisonment brought international attention to the issue of Apartheid and he became the international symbol of Anti-Apartheid

• While in prison he continued to advocate in the behave of the Anti-Apartheid movement

• In support of Mandela and others like him, the US and UK BOYCOTTED any South African goods and and refused to work with South African businesses

• After being released from jail, Mandela helps Klerk draft and create a new SA constitution

  • It offically ends Apartheid and grants equality for ALL south africans

• In 1st free election for ALL SA, Mandela was elected president in 1994

• Becomes the 1st black african to hold this office

Mandela

• 1989- Klerk becomes the president of SA.

• Saw how Apartheid was unjust and hampered the SA economy

  • Released many black south africans in jail

    • 1990 - Released Mandela from jail

F. W. de Klerk

End of Apartheid

Multiple Choice

Who was Nelson Mandela?

• Leader of the independence from GB movement

• A white lawyer

• 1st British governor of South Africa

• A Nationalist leader

Multiple Choice

What strategy did Mandela use to end Apartheid?

• Had black africans vote for him

• encouraged protest and workers strikes

• overthrew the government

Multiple Choice

What was he imprisoned?

• Wore white after labor day

• did not celebrate Diwali

• defied apartheid laws

• killed a white police officer

Multiple Choice

What did his imprisonment do for the Anti-Apartheid movement?

• It hampered the movement

• caused the movement to implode and break apart

• raised awareness for the movement and strengthened the movement

Multiple Choice

What did the US/UK/Other nations do to support mandela and his movement?

• Boycotted south african goods

• traded more with south africa

• sent troops to south africa

• freed him from prison

Multiple Choice

Who is F.W. de Klerk?

• A supporter of Apartheid and Mandela

• Leader of the African National Congress

• South African President

Multiple Choice

Apartheid destroyed/hindered the south African economy.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

When was Mandela released from prision

• 2023

• 2013

• 1990

• 1944

Multiple Choice

What did Nelson Mandela help Klerk write?

• A book about prison

• A book on Apartheid

• A New Constitution

• Laws

Multiple Choice

Who won the 1994 South African Presidential race?

• F.W. de Klerk

• Nelson Mandela