The Muscular, Skeletal, and Integumentary Systems

The Muscular, Skeletal, and Integumentary Systems

Open Ended

Can you do this?

It is the combined muscular and skeletal systems.
It supports the body's weight and posture.
It maintains stability.
It allows body movement.

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​The Musculoskeletal System

It protects the major organs.
It is the framework of the body.
It stores calcium and phosphorous.
It stores fat and produces blood.

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​The Musculoskeletal System

Open Ended

Feel the top of your head, your temples, and the side of your jaws. Then, feel your ears, and your nose. What did you notice?

The skeletal system is made of bones and cartilage.
There are 206 bones that give shape to your body and help you move.

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​The Bones of the Body

Skull - 22 bones tightly joined together. They protect the brain.
The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are the tiniest bones in the body. They are found in the middle ear. They help in hearing and balance.
Spine - the backbone made up of vertebrae. It protects the spinal cord and keeps the body upright.

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​Bones of the Body

Ribs and Sternum - twelve pairs of ribs connect to a flat bone called the sternum. They protect the heart, lungs, and other organs of the chest.
Collar, Shoulder and Hip Bones - the curved shape of these bones give support to our arms and legs and help them to move freely.
Arm and leg bones - each limb has one long bone and two smaller bones.

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​Bones of the Body

They allow the body to move.
They are the places where two or more bones meet.
Many joints are connected by ligaments - tough, rope-like structures.

​There are joints that are immovable like those in the skull.
The joints in our spine are gliding joints which move only slightly.
Joints in the arms and legs are free-moving.

Joints

Bones are tough but light. They are made of living cells. There are blood vessels and nerves in our bones.
Bones have compact and spongy bones with marrow in the middle.
Marrow can be red or yellow. They produce blood cells.

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More about Bones

Open Ended

Why do you think we stop growing taller at some point?

Babies have 300 bones.
Bones are formed from cartilage.
Children have cartilage at the end of their bones.
Bones replace the cartilage little by little until the teenage years.

​More about Bones

Open Ended

Touch your thumb and index finger lightly. Feel the part of your palm under your thumb. How does it feel? Next, touch your thumb and middle finger and do the same. Do this for your other fingers.

Bones are attached to muscles. All the muscles in the body are part of the muscular system. Muscles are made up of fibrous cells that can contract and stretch.

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Muscles

There are three types of muscles: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
The brain controls all muscles, but only skeletal muscles' movements are voluntary. The other two kinds are involuntary.
Pairs of muscles move our bones.
Muscles are attached to bones with tendons.

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Types of Muscles

Tough, cordlike tissues attach the muscles to the bones. These are tendons.
Muscles can only pull bones.
Pairs of muscles can move the bones back and forth.

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​More about Muscles

Muscles use a lot of energy. They need glucose and oxygen from the circulatory system. They can store glucose to use as energy.
When a joint makes a small angle with the muscles, it is called flexing. The opposite is extending.

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More about Muscles

Open Ended

Find the definitions of the following: 1) tendons, 2) joints, 3) ligaments, and 4) cartilage.

It is the body's largest organ. It protects our internals from outside harm.
Nerves can sense pain, touch, and temperature. Skin cells make Vitamin D from the sun. Oils are produced by the skin to make it soft and flexible.

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​The Skin

The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles.
The outer layer of the skin is the epidermis.
Skin cells divide rapidly on the epidermis. 35,000 skin cells die and flake away every minute.

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Layers of the skin

This includes the skin, fingernails, toenails, and hair.
Hair and nails are made of keratin.
Sweat glands are also part of the excretory system, and they help to cool us down.

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Integumentary System