Ions and Charges

Multiple Choice

What are ions?

• Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost protons

• Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost neutrons

• Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons

• Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost photons

The Formation of Ions

• Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons.
• Cations are positively charged ions formed by losing electrons.
• Anions are negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons.
• Ionization is the process of forming ions.
• Valence electrons determine the ion charge.

Multiple Choice

Pre-Check:

Why is the element sodium have a charge of zero?

• There are 12 neutrons.

• It has 11 p+ and 11 e-.

• It has 11 p+ and 10 e-.

Multiple Choice

Sodium (Na) has 1 electron (e-) in its outer shell (orbital). How can it make a full outer shell? (HINT: Think of which option would be "easier" for the atom.)

• Giving away or donating the outer electron.

• Taking on or accepting 7 more electrons.

Sodium (Na) will give away its electron to an element like Chlorine (Cl).

• The picture only shows the outer shell (orbital) of Na and Cl.

• Chlorine has 7 e-, so its easier to take on 1 e- to make a full 8 e- in its outer shell.

Sodium (Na) is in Group 1 (red) on the Periodic Table.

All elements in Group 1 will give away or DONATE 1 e- to make a full outer shell.

Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17 (Green) on the periodic table.

All elements in Group 17 will ACCEPT 1e- to make a full outer shell.

Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17 (Green) on the periodic table.

All elements in Group 17 will ACCEPT 1e- to make a full outer shell.

Multiple Choice

Knowledge Check:

Why does Sodium become a +1 charge?

• Sodium gives away 1 e-, so it now has 1 less negative (-) charge.

• Sodium accepts 1 e-, so it now has 1 more negative (-) charge.

Multiple Choice

Knowledge Check:

Why does Chlorine (Cl) become a -1 charge?

• Cl donates an e-, so it now has 1 less negative (-) charge.

• Cl accepts an e-, so it now has 1 more negative (-) charge.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would donate 1 e- and become a +1 charge like Na? (HINT: Find Group 1)

• Li

• He

Multiple Choice

What happens to the voltage (mV) over time as the heart is beating?

• The voltage stays the same.

• The voltage increases and decreases.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would accept 1 e- and become a -1 charge like Cl? (HINT: Find Group 17)

• F

• Ne

Multiple Choice

How does an atom become a charged ion?

• gaining or losing protons

• gaining or losing electrons

• gaining or losing neutrons

• by electrical shock

Multiple Choice

How does an element get a positive charge?

• Gain protons

• Lose protons

• Gain electrons

• Lose electrons

Multiple Choice

How does an atom get a negative charge?

• Gain protons

• Lose protons

• Gain electrons

• Lose electrons

Multiple Choice

Which section of the Periodic Table form Cations? (Positive Ions)

• Metals

• Nonmetals

• Metalloids

Multiple Choice

Which section of the Periodic Table tends to form anions? (Negative Ions)

• Metals

• Nonmetals

• Metalloids

Open Ended

What do you think the body uses to increase (+) or decrease (-) voltages for nerve impulses? Use what you have learned about ions in this lesson to help answer this question. Take an guess.