Unit 3

Multiple Choice

Mia has four aquatic plants of the same size and species. She submerges each plant in a separate beaker filled with 200 mL of water. She then sets each beaker under a different intensity of light. Mia observes that, of the four plants, the plant in the beaker under the most intense light gives off the most gas bubbles in a 20 min period.

Which of the following statements best explains Mia's observation?

Hint: ONE SINGLE ANSWER IS CORRECT

• Photosynthesis occurs at the higher rate under the most intense light.
• Cells decompose most quickly under the most intense light.

• Water evaporates from plants faster under the most intense light.

• Gases in the leaves of the plants expand most under the most intense light.

Multiple Choice

The two diagrams below represent a sugar molecule and a fat molecule that are used by living organisms.

Which statement best describes these two molecules?
Hint: ONE SINGLE ANSWER IS CORRECT

• Sugar molecules are inorganic and fat molecules are organic.

• Sugar molecules are organic and fat molecules are inorganic.

• Energy for life processes can be stored within the chemical bonds of both molecules.

• Energy for life processes can be stored within the chemical bonds of sugar molecules, only.

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

Which type of environment does pepsin work best in?

HINT: ONE single correct answer

• Acidic only

• Basic, only
  

• 
  Neutral

• Sometimes acidic, sometimes basic

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes the enzyme represented in the graphs?

HINT: ONE single correct answer

• This enzyme works best at a temperature above

• Temperature and pH have no effect on the action

  50°C and a pH above 12.

• This enzyme works best at a temperature of 50°C and a pH of 12.

  of this enzyme.

• This enzyme works best at a temperature of 35°C and a pH of 8.

Multiple Choice

4. An amoeba is a single-celled, heterotrophic organism. In order to meet its energy needs, it relies directly on the interaction of which cell structures?

5. Hint: ONE alternative is correct

• 0. Chloroplasts and the cell membrane

• 0. The cell membrane and mitochondria

• 0. Nucleus and ribosomes

• Vacuoles and the nucleus

Multiple Choice

4. Experiments revealed the following information about a certain molecule:

5. It can be broken down into amino acids.
   It can break down proteins into amino acids.
   It is found in high concentrations in the small intestine of humans.

0. This molecule is most likely ___.

• 0. an inorganic compound

• 0. an enzyme
     

• a lipid

• 0. a carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

6. There are over 2000 kinds of edible insects in the world, and they are becoming an increasingly popular source of protein. One cup of cricket flour contains over 28 grams of protein. The building blocks of the protein in cricket flour are _____.
   
   hint: ONE answer is correct

• 0. amino acids

• water
  

• 0. simple sugars

• 0. carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

6. The diagram illustrates the movement of glucose across a cell membrane.

0. Which two processes are most directly represented by this diagram?

Hint: ONE answer is correct

• 0. ATP synthesis and the diffusion of water

• 0. Molecule transport and energy use
     

• 0. 
     Homeostasis and ATP synthesis

• 0. Homeostasis and the diffusion of water

Multiple Choice

6. It may be harmful when people compete to see who can hold their breath the longest under water. Without oxygen, brain cells _____.

Hint: ONE answer is the correct

• 0. Have too few mitochondria

• 0. cannot make enough ATP

• 0. make too many enzymes

• 0. have too much water

Multiple Select

6. What happens to the glucose made in photosynthesis in the plant?

8. Hint: Pick up to 2 answers.

• It is released as a by-product.

• 0. It is used in cellular respiration.

• 0. It is stored as glycogen.

• 0. It is stored as starch.

Multiple Choice

In which direction do particles in a solution move during diffusion?

Hint: ONE answer is the correct

• From left to right.

• From lower to higher areas of concentration.

• From higher to lower areas of concentration.

• From right to left.

Multiple Select

Text: 'Starch and Glucose'

"Starch (amylose) and glucose are both carbohydrates that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are energy sources in biological systems. However, starch is a long-chain polysaccharide, making it a complex carbohydrate, while glucose is a single-unit monosaccharide, which is a simple sugar. While both can be found in plants, glucose is also present in animal blood, whereas starch is stored as energy in plant cells. Glucose is soluble and sweet-tasting, in contrast to starch, which is less soluble in water and not sweet."

Which answers could help you discuss the similarities and differences between starch amylose and glucose?

PICK at least 2 differences

• Both are carbohydrates containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

• 
  
  Starch is a polysaccharide (complex carbohydrate), while glucose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar).

• Both serve as energy sources in biological systems.

• 
  

  Glucose is soluble and sweet, while starch is less soluble and not sweet.

Multiple Select

Text: 'Starch and Glucose'

"Starch (amylose) and glucose are both carbohydrates that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are energy sources in biological systems. However, starch is a long-chain polysaccharide, making it a complex carbohydrate, while glucose is a single-unit monosaccharide, which is a simple sugar. While both can be found in plants, glucose is also present in animal blood, whereas starch is stored as energy in plant cells. Glucose is soluble and sweet-tasting, in contrast to starch, which is less soluble in water and not sweet."

Which answers could help you discuss the similarities and differences between starch amylose and glucose?

PICK at least 2 similarities in your answer.

• Both are carbohydrates containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

• 
  
  Starch is a polysaccharide (complex carbohydrate), while glucose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar).

• Both serve as energy sources in biological systems.

• 
  

  Glucose is soluble and sweet, while starch is less soluble and not sweet.

Match

Match the following"Organize the following statements into the correct categories based on the digestion times of amylose (starch) and glucose."

• Amylose is a large polysaccharide and must be broken down into glucose units.

• Amylose requires enzymes to break glycosidic bonds, a time-consuming process.

• Glucose is already in its simplest form and can be absorbed directly.

Reasons Amylose Digests Slowly

Reasons Amylose Digests Slowly

Reasons Glucose Digests Quickly

• Reasons Amylose Digests Slowly

• Reasons Amylose Digests Slowly

• Reasons Glucose Digests Quickly

Match

Match each example of a function with the correct macromolecule.

• 1. Stores and processes information that determines traits.

• 1. Includes most enzymes as well as the components of structures such as hair, claws and skin.

• 1. Used to store energy for later use and makes up most of cell membranes

• 1. Provides energy that is quickly available

nucleic acids

protein

lipids

carbohydrate

• nucleic acids

• protein
  

• lipids
  

• carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Substances X and Y are examples of which kind of molecule?

Hint: ONE answer is the correct

• Simple sugar

• Aminoacid

• Fat

• Hormone

Multiple Choice

Which set of terms best identifies the letters in the diagram?

Hint: ONE answer is the correct

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Cells in the stomach produce pepsin, an enzyme, to help digest food. Pepsin works best at a pH of 2.

Which of these graphs most likely shows what will happen to the activity of pepsin as the pH of the stomach is increased?

Hint: ONE answer is the correct

• Graph A

• Graph B

• Graph C

• Graph D

Multiple Choice

Text:

Catalase

Catalase is an enzyme found in plant and animal cells. Hydrogen peroxide is a harmful substance found in cells. Catalase causes hydrogen peroxide to break down into water and oxygen.

A student conducted an experiment to determine whether plant and animal cells have the same amount of catalase. She used liver and potato tissues in the experiment. The student followed the procedures below.

What type of molecule is catalase?

• A lipid

• A protein
  

• A nucleic acid

• A carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

The student conducted a second experiment. She boiled the liver tissue completely and added it to the hydrogen peroxide solution. She observed that little to no oxygen was released in the second experiment.

Which of these statements best supports the student’s observations?

• Exposing catalase to high temperatures makes it inactive

• Exposing catalase to high temperatures changes it into a different enzyme.

• Boiling liver breaks down hydrogen peroxide faster.

• Boiling removes oxygen from the liver

Multiple Choice

A student-designed an experiment to see if plants grow better when watered with a sugar solution. He divided the plants into six groups, measured the initial height of each plant, and calculated the average height for each group. At the end of two months, he measured the final height of each plant and calculated the average height for each group. The student’s data are shown in the table below.

Which of these statements explains why the plants in Groups E and F died?

Hint: ONE answer is the correct.

• The high sugar content caused too much water to move out of the root cells.

• The high sugar content caused too much water to move into the root cells.

• The high sugar content prevented the plant from capturing energy.

• The high sugar content clogged the pores in the cell membranes.

Multiple Choice

Protein pumps actively transport ions across a cell membrane.

What molecule directly supplies the energy required for this transport?

Hint: ONE answer is correct.

• ATP

• Cholesterol

• Oxygen

• RNA

Multiple Choice

Text:

The green aquatic plant in the diagram was exposed to light for several hours.

Question: Which gas would most likely be found in the greatest amount in the bubbles?

Hint: ONE answer is the correct

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen
  

• 
  Ozone

• Carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

Which of the following diagrams represents the correct cycling of gases?

Hint: ONE diagram is the correct answer

• Diagram A

• Diagram B

• Diagram C

• Diagram D

Multiple Choice

The diagram below shows the glucose (. ) inside of the small intestine and moving to the bloodstream.

Analyze each model and the text, then answer the question below.


In Image A, the concentration of glucose will go through the process of _________ in order to reach equilibrium that takes place in Image B.

The process of ___________ begins to occur in Image C to ensure all the glucose is absorbed from the small intestine.

Pick the OPTION that best fits the fill-out phrase above

• In Image A, the concentration of glucose will go through the process of osmosis in order to reach equilibrium that takes place in Image B.

  The process of facilitated diffusion begins to occur in Image C, to ensure all the glucose is absorbed from the small intestine.

• In Image A, the concentration of glucose will go through the process of facilitated diffusion in order to reach equilibrium that takes place in Image B.

  The process of osmosis begins to occur in Image C, to ensure all the glucose is absorbed from the small intestine.

• In Image A, the concentration of glucose will go through the process of diffusion in order to reach equilibrium that takes place in Image B.

  The process of active transport begins to occur in Image C, to ensure all the glucose is absorbed from the small intestine.

• In Image A, the concentration of glucose will go through the process of osmosis in order to reach equilibrium that takes place in Image B.

  The process of facilitated diffusion begins to occur in Image C, to ensure all the glucose is absorbed from the small intestine.

Multiple Choice

Text:

Transport Across the Cell Membrane

The diagram represents three sections of a cell membrane showing three different methods involved in the transport of various molecules across the membrane.

Question:

Methods A and B are classified as methods of passive transport because

they do not require ____.

HInt: ONE answer is the correct

• ATP

• Carbon dioxide

• Light

• DNA

Multiple Choice

Using information from the diagram, which statement best explains why the movement of molecules in Method C represents active transport?

• ATP The molecules move from a low concentration to a high concentration using ATP.

• I do not know

• I need to study

• I need help

Open Ended

Using information from the diagram, state one reason why the movement of molecules in Method C represents active transport.

Question

Why the movement of molecules in Method C represents active transport.

Hint:

One reason why the movement of molecules in Method C represents active transport is that it involves the use of transport proteins that require energy, often in the form of ATP, to move molecules against their concentration gradient. This is indicated by the arrow showing movement from a lower concentration outside the cell to a higher concentration inside the cell, which is contrary to what is expected in passive transport where molecules move along the gradient.