Thomas Jefferson Presidency

Thomas Jefferson Presidency

Multiple Choice

Who was the third President of the United States

• Aaron Burr

• Thomas Jeffferson

• George Washington

• Barack Obama

Multiple Choice

Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr both received 73 votes. How did they resolve this issue?

• The House of Representatives decided who would be President

• There was a reelection

• The Cabinet decided who would be President

• They chose neither one to be President

Multiple Choice

To avoid a tie from happening in a Presidential Election again, what was passed?

• First Amendment

• 24 Amendment

• 12th Amendment

• U.S Consitution

Multiple Choice

Who was the first President to be ingurated in Washington D.C

• George Washington

• John Adams

• Thomas Jefferson

• Bill Clinton

Multiple Choice

What was Thomas Jefferson's first job as President

• limit the power of the government and give more power to the people

• to create a National Bank

• to stop political parties

• stop foreign affairs

Multiple Choice

What does Laissez Faire mean?

• control everything

• let it be

• stop foreign affairs

• stop political parties

Multiple Choice

Thomas Jefferson liked the idea of Laisezz Faire

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Jefferson is one of the most unique characters in American history. He loved democracy and detested kings and centralized power. This made him a great candidate to write the most famous political breakup letter ever: the Declaration of Independence. Once America became a country, he continued to advocate strongly for states' rights. He didn't want the federal government to become too powerful like the one America’s founders had rebelled against. He was uncomfortable with the power of the presidency but had to deal with it himself when he became the third president. He kept things more casual in the White House though, often greeting dinner guests in a pair of worn-out slippers.

Based on the passage, which statement would Thomas Jefferson most likely agree with?

• Countries should have a strong, federal government.

• Monarchy is a better system of government than democracy.

• The federal government should not overpower state governments.

• The president of the United States should always dress formally.

The Vote is Tied!

●Under the Constitution, voters are selecting electors – and these electors vote for the President through a process known as the Electoral College.

○At that time, the Constitution said that electors were to cast two ballots—without indicating which was for president and which was for vice president.

●The candidate with the majority of votes became president, and the candidate with the next-largest number of votes became vice president.

●In 1800, 73 electors cast their ballots for Jefferson and Burr.

○Each candidate, therefore, got the same number
of votes.

○Because of the tie vote, the House of
Representatives had to decide the election.

●In the House, Federalists tried to keep Jefferson from becoming president by supporting Burr.

○For 35 ballots, the election remained tied.

○Finally, one Federalist decided not to vote for Burr.

Because no one wanted to see another tie between a presidential and vice-presidential candidate, Congress passed the 12th Amendment to the Constitution in 1803. From then on, electors cast one of their votes for president and the other for vice president.

Multiple Choice

Voters choose electors who cast the vote for President through the...

• Election of Representatives

• Electoral College

• Constitutional College

Multiple Choice

What was the purpose of the 12th amendment?

• To prevent ties between the president and vice-president

• To prevent personal insults and lies about candidates

• To change how many electors are allowed to vote

Jefferson as President

●Thomas Jefferson had strong ideas about government and he surrounded himself with
people who shared similar views.

○Jefferson and Albert Gallatin, secretary of the treasury, reduced the national debt and cut down on military expenses.

○Jefferson also limited the number of federal government workers to a few hundred people.

●At the same time, his government got rid of most federal taxes. They only collected customs duties, or taxes on imported goods.

○Under Jefferson, the government's income would come from customs duties and from the sale of western lands.

Jefferson believed that these changes were needed to make the United States a great nation.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was NOT an action taken by the Jefferson administration?

• Reduced the national debt

• Cut military spending

• Got rid of most federal taxes

• Increased the amount of government employees

Judiciary Act of 1801

In the last days of his presidency, John Adams established a system of courts and appointed hundreds of judges to these courts.

Since Congress was still under Federalist control, they approved of this move from Adams. It blocked Jefferson from doing the same and assured control of the courts
was in the hands of the Federalists.

When he became president, Jefferson rejected the appointment of any judges who had not yet received their approval papers (called commissions).

One of these judges who was denied, William Marbury,
was not pleased. He asked the Supreme Court to
intervene and approve him, but they refused. The
Supreme Court argued that it did not have the jurisdiction

– legal authority – to force Jefferson and his secretary of
state, James Madison, to give his commission.

Multiple Choice

How did Jefferson undermine the Federalist-controlled justice system?

• Rejecting justice appointments

• Vetoing key legislation

• Expanding the Supreme Court

Why is this important?

Chief Justice John Marshall established the principles of
judicial review!

1.The Constitution is the supreme law of the land

2.The Constitution must be followed in any conflicts
with other laws

3.The judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional

This is the foundation for the power of the judicial branch
that allows it to “check” the powers of the executive and
legislative branches.

Other important rulings by Marshall include:

●McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – Congress has implied
powers, states cannot tax the federal government

●Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – federal law trumps state
law when more than one state is involved

●Worcester v. Georgia (1832) – states cannot regulate
Native Americans, only the federal government can

Chief Justice John Marshall

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a component of "judicial review?"

• The Constitution is the supreme law of the land

• The Constitution must be followed in any conflicts with other laws

• The judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional

• The Constitution cannot change without the approval of the Supreme Court

Multiple Choice

What were "custom duties?"

• Jobs that require special skills

• Responsibilities that change depending on the level of government

• Taxes on imported goods

• Rules and regulations on trade

Louisiana Purchase

Expanding the United States

• In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon, France's leader.

• The territory was a large piece of land controlled by France and Spain.

Multiple Choice

Who was the leader of France that sold the Louisiana Territory to Thomas Jefferson?

• Napoleon

• George Washington

• King George III

• Queen Elizabeth

Mississippi River and Trade

• As the Northwest Territory expanded beyond the Appalachian Mountains, the Mississippi River became essential to trade.

• Crops grown in the northwest were floated down the Mississippi River

Multiple Choice

What made the Mississippi River so important?

• it acted as a barrier keeping unwanted invaders out of the United States

• the rushing waters could be used to generate electricity

• fishing was an important to the way of life for people living along the river

• crops grown in the Northwest part of the country were floated down the Mississippi for trade

Jefferson wants New Orleans

• Jefferson was afraid that the French would establish themselves in America and cut off the Northwest Trade by not allowing trade through the New Orleans Port.

Multiple Choice

What was Jefferson afraid of with regards to New Orleans?

• he was afraid France would cut off the port and it would not be accessible

• he was afraid that Napoleon would station troops at the port and another war would start

• he was afraid that people would taste gumbo and decide not to ever leave the Louisiana Territory

• he had not worries about the port

Multiple Choice

How much larger did the US grow after the Louisiana Purchase?

• Doubled in size

• Tripled in size

• Quadruple in size

• Increased by a few acres

Multiple Choice

In the land acquired by the Louisiana Purchase, how many states are included in that portion?

• 12 States

• 25 States

• 14 States

• 17 States

Multiple Select

Identify the geographic features used as the eastern and western borders of the Louisiana Territory?

• Colorado River

• Mississippi River

• Appalachian Mountains

• Rocky Mountains

​Impressment

Multiple Choice

Impressment is

• The French capturing US sailors and forcing them to work for them.

• Selling US sailors

• The capturing of US sailors and forcing them to work for the British

• Capturing US sailors

Remaining neutral when ships were being seized was hard enough. It became even harder when Great Britain began impressing American sailors—kidnapping them and forcing them to serve in the British navy. The British claimed that the men they impressed were British deserters. This may have been true in some cases, as some sailors may well have fled the terrible conditions on British ships, but thousands of unlucky Americans were also impressed.

​Why did the British Impress American Sailors?

Multiple Choice

Why did Great Britain impress U.S. sailors in the early 1800s?

• The British sailors wanted their company.

• There was food aboard the American ships that the British navy wanted.

• They were bored and wanted something to do.

• Great Britain impressed U.S. sailors to serve in the British navy. They claimed the men were British deserters.

Multiple Choice

The Embargo Act meant to punish _________ and _________.

• Spain and Britain
• Britain and France
• Batman and Robin
• U.S. and Mexico

The Embargo Act of 1807

• Banned trade with all foreign countries until the two stopped attacking United States ships.

• Destroyed the American economy & had no effect on Britain or France

Multiple Choice

Banned trade with all countries in an effort to force Britain and France to stop attacking American Ships.

• Nonintercourse

• Embargo Act

Open Ended

Did the Embargo Act of 1807 help or harm the United States economy?

Open Ended

What was the purpose of the Nonintercourse Act of 1809?

Nonintercourse Act of 1809

• Banned trade only with France & Britain until they stopped attacking the United States ships.

• It had no effect

Multiple Choice

True or False. The Embargo Act and the Nonintercourse Act both had positive effects on the U.S. economy?

• True

• False

• Neutral

The British were inciting the Indians!

​

The Brits were giving the Native Americans in Canada and the West weapons and telling them to attack Americans who had settled in the western lands!

Great Britain simply did not respect the United States

​

Multiple Choice

The British gave weapons to the Native Americans.

• False

• True

Piracy

American ships faced a different threat from the Barbary States of North Africa: piracy, or robbery at sea. For years, pirates from Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli had preyed on merchant ships entering the Mediterranean Sea, so that they could seize the ships and hold the crews for ransom.

​Barbary Pirates

Multiple Choice

The Barbary Coast states of North Africa included Morocco and Tripoli.

• True 
• False

Presidents Washington and Adams both paid tribute to Barbary State rulers in exchange for the safety of American ships. While Americans were shouting “millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” during the XYZ Affair, the United States was quietly sending money to the Barbary States.

By the time Jefferson became president, the United States had paid the Barbary States almost $2 million. The ruler of Tripoli, however, demanded still more tribute, and to show that he was serious, he declared war on the United States. Jefferson hated war, but he also hated paying tribute. The question was, which was worse?

Multiple Choice

Which Barbary Coast state declared war on the United States in 1801?

• Morocco
• Tripoli
• Lybia
• Spain

What Happened: Jefferson Solves the Problem

As much as Thomas Jefferson hated war, he hated paying tribute more. In 1801, he sent a small fleet of warships to the Mediterranean to protect American shipping interests. The war with Tripoli plodded along until 1804, when American ships began bombarding Tripoli with their cannons.

During this time, one of the ships, the Philadelphia, ran aground on a hidden reef in the harbor, and the captain and crew were captured and held for ransom. Rather than let pirates have the Philadelphia, a young naval officer named Stephen Decatur led a raiding party into the heavily guarded Tripoli harbor and set the ship afire.

Multiple Choice

Why did Thomas Jefferson declare war on the Barbary Pirates?

• The pirates were threatening to attack in the United States.

• The pirates increased the cost for the United States ships to sail in the Mediterranean Sea.

• He knew there would be a second Barbary War.

• The pirates increased the cost for the United States ships to sail safely in the Pacific Ocean.

After a year of U.S. attacks and a blockade, Tripoli signed a peace treaty with the United States in 1805. Tripoli agreed to stop demanding tribute payments, and in return, the United States paid a $60,000 ransom for the crew of the Philadelphia. This was a bargain compared to the $3 million first demanded.

Pirates from other Barbary States, however, continued to raid ships in the Mediterranean. By the mid-1800s, piracy in the Barbary States finally ended.

Multiple Choice

The Barbary Pirates...

• were defeated in 1805.

• defeated America in the Second Barbary War.

• attacked the crews of foreign ships unless a tribute was paid.

• operated from ports in Europe.

 Meanwhile, Jefferson tried desperately to convince both France and Great Britain to leave American ships alone. Unfortunately, all of his diplomatic efforts failed, and between 1803 and 1807, Great Britain seized at least a thousand American ships, with France capturing about half that many.

When diplomacy failed, Jefferson proposed an  embargo — a complete halt in trade with other nations.  Under the Embargo Act passed by Congress in 1807, no foreign ships could enter U.S. ports and no American ships could leave, except to trade at other U.S. ports.  Jefferson hoped that stopping trade would prove so painful to France and Great Britain that they would agree to leave American ships alone.

Multiple Choice

Blocking all trade from another country is called _____.

• an embargo

• impressment

• customs

Multiple Choice

The 1807 Embargo Act prohibited trade with other countries.

• True 
• False

The embargo, however, proved far more painful to Americans than to anyone in Europe, and some 55,000 sailors lost their jobs. In New England, newspapers pointed out that embargo spelled backward reads “O grab me,” which made sense to all who were feeling its pinch.

Congress repealed the unpopular Embargo Act in 1809. American ships returned to the seas, and French and British warships continued to attack them.

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT true about Thomas Jefferson?

• He was the third president of the United States.

• He sent America into a war against pirates.

• Thomas Jefferson agreed to pay the increase tribute to the pirates.

• He wrote the Declaration of Independence.

Multiple Select

What were some impacts of the Embargo Act of 1807? Choose the FOUR (4) correct answers

• Over 50,000 American sailors lost their jobs.

• The United States had to pay $60,000 for the crew of the Philadelphia.

• Public opinion of Thomas Jefferson's presidency plummeted.

• No foreign ships could enter American ports.

• American merchants had less buyers for their goods.