ES 4.3 Lesson Life Change over Time

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Environmental Science, 1e
SUSTAINING YOUR WORLD
G. TYLER MILLER | SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN

4

Biodiversity and Evolution

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• The theory of evolution is demonstrated in the process of

natural selection.

– Explains how life on Earth changes over time due to changes in

the genes of populations

– Most widely accepted scientific theory that explains how life has

changed on Earth

• Population evolution occurs through gene mutation.

– Gives individuals genetic traits that enhance their ability to survive

and produce offspring

4.3 How Does the Earth’s Life Change Over Time?

Drag and Drop

Evolution through natural selection is...

- ​

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theory about how life changed on Earth

- explains how life on Earth​​

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Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

most widely accepted

changes over time

proven

first came to be

Multiple Choice

What can give individuals genetic traits that enhance their ability to survive and produce offspring?

• genetic mutation

• obtaining resources

• adaptations

• learned behaviors

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• Biological evolution

– Process by which species genetically change over time, occurs

within genes of populations generation to generation

• Natural selection

– Individuals with traits that increase their survivability are more

likely to produce offspring and pass on these traits.

• Fossils (bones, teeth, shells, leaves, seeds, impressions)

Biological Evolution by Natural Selection Explains How
Life Changes Over Time

Multiple Choice

the idea that individuals with DNA that helps them survive are more likely to pass on that DNA

• evolution

• natural selection

• genetic variability

• genetic mutation

Multiple Choice

the idea that species genetically change over time

• evolution

• natural selection

• genetic variability

• genetic mutation

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• Genetic variability

– Variety of genetic makeup of individuals in population

– Primarily results from mutations (permanent changes to DNA

sequence in genes)

• Can result in heritable traits

• Some helpful, some harmful, some no effect

Evolution Depends on Genetic Variability

Multiple Choice

variety of DNA in individuals in a population

• evolution

• natural selection

• genetic variability

• genetic mutation

Multiple Choice

permanent change to a DNA sequence

• evolution

• natural selection

• genetic variability

• genetic mutation

Multiple Select

mutations can

• leave DNA the same

• be harmful

• be helpful

• have no effect on an organism's traits

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• Adaptation

– Any heritable trait that gives individual some advantage over

others in population

• Genetic resistance

– The ability of one or more organisms in a population to tolerate

chemicals designed to kill the population

– Develops in bacteria and insect species because they rapidly

produce large numbers of offspring (antibiotic-resistant bacteria)

Evolution Depends on Natural Selection

Multiple Select

What kinds of organisms tend to develop genetic resistance to chemicals designed to kill them?

Choose TWO

• bacteria and insects

• plants and fungi

• mammals

• those that rapidly produce large numbers of offspring

• those that slowly produce low numbers of offspring

Multiple Choice

a trait that gives an individual an advantage over others in a population

• genetic mutation

• adaptation

• natural selection

• genetic variability

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Evolution by Natural Selection

Multiple Choice

To avoid making antibiotic resistant bacteria you should...

• take all antibiotics prescribed to you for full time

• not take antibiotics at all

• avoid using soap or chemicals designed to kill bacteria

• only take antibiotics until you feel better, then stop

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• Limiting factors for adaptation:

– Organisms can only adapt to a change in environmental

conditions if the necessary genetic traits are already present in a population’s gene pool.

– Even if a beneficial heritable trait is present in a population, the

population’s ability to adapt may be limited by its reproductive capacity.

Adaptation Through Natural Selection Has Limits

Multiple Select

Which two are limitations to natural selection?

• traits necessary to adapt must be in population

• individuals with trait necessary to adapt must reproduce

• organisms in population must have DNA