Giving Advice Ta and Nai Form

• た form conjugation

• ​ない form conjugation

Lesson Overview

What is "た Form"?

The suffix 〜た puts a plain/casual/dictionary form verb into the past tense when it is used at the end of a sentence.

However, if it is used in the middle of sentences, it doesn’t show the politeness level of the sentence, because politeness is usually shown at the end of a sentence.

た Form Conjugation Formula

​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUOEE_zPOtc

Drag and Drop

"It'd better for you to ask your teacher"

Sensei ni ​

Placeholder

hou ga ii desuVerb: Kikimasu - To ask (Group 1)

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

kiita

kita

kitta

kiida

kishita

Drag and Drop

"It will be best if you submit your homework every day"

Mainichi shukudai wo​

Placeholder

hou ga ii desuVerb: Dashimasu- To submit (Group 1)​

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

dashita

dasu

datta

daita

daida

Drag and Drop

"You should study Japanese more"

Motto nihongo wo ​

Placeholder

hou ga ii desuVerb: Benkyou shimasu- To study (Group 3)​ ​ ​

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benkyou shita

benkyou shitta

Benkyou shiita

Benkyou shinda

Drag and Drop

"You should talk to your parent"

Oya ni ​

Placeholder

hou ga ii desuVerb: Hanashimasu - To talk (Group 1)​

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

hanashita

hanashitta

hanatta

hanaita

hanainda

What is "ない Form"?

The suffix 〜ない is the negative plain/casual /dictionary form of the verb.
In the previous lesson, we learned about the negative polite form which is ～ません. Today we will learn how to conjugate a verb to the negative casual form.

ない Form Conjugation Formula

”GROUP 1 – GODAN VERB”

To add ～ない (nai) to group 1, take a look at the last syllable of the verb (after you drop ～ます).
You'll need to change it to the correctあ (a) - line character from the Hiragana chart and add ～ない.

             

For example：

Ikimasu ➔ Iki ➔ Ika ➔ Ikanai

To go　➔　To not go (casual)

Hanashimasu ➔ Hanashi ➔ Hanasa ➔ Hanasanai

To talk/speak　➔　To not talk/speak (casual)

Also, be on the lookout when a verb ends in 〜い (i). You would expect 〜あない (anai) in this case,
but い-ending verbs become 〜わない (wanai) when negative:

Kaimasu: To buy

Kaimasu ➔ Kai ➔ Kawa ➔ Kawanai

ない Form Conjugation Formula

”GROUP 2 – ICHIDAN VERB”

The conjugation is—as usual—nice and simple. Just remove the 〜る (ru)
at the end of the verb and add 〜ない (nai):

 

For example：

 

o   Tabemasu ➔ Tabe ➔ Tabenai

o   Mimasu ➔ Mi ➔ Minai

ない Form Conjugation Formula

”GROUP 3 – IRREGULAR VERB”

くる (kuru) and する (suru) are the usual offenders when it comes to irregular conjugations. To make them negative with 〜ない, the pronunciation changes for the whole world, including the first syllable:

 

o   Kimasu   +　ない nai　= 　こない konai

o   Shimasu +　ない nai　=　しない shinai

 

Added to these staples is あります・ある (arimasu (polite) / aru (casual)), which is usually regular, but behaves irregularly when it comes to the 〜ない. Despite its irregularity, it shouldn't be too tricky to remember. Instead of changing to 〜あらない (aranai) as you might expect, it simply becomes 〜ない:

             

o   あります　arimasu　→　ない nai