Module 2

Chapter 7 (Thinking, Language, and Intelligence)

Multiple Choice

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

• linguistic

•  logical–mathematical

• musical

• spatial

Multiple Choice

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence.

• crystallized

• intrapersonal

• applied

• fluid

Multiple Choice

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

• syllable

• morpheme

• phoneme

• syntactic unit

Multiple Choice

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

• Cognition

• Personality

• Conceptualization

• Priming

Multiple Choice

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept.

• Modular

• Natural

• Prototypical

• Artificial

Multiple Choice

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics.

• Natural

• Artificial

• Ideal

• Prototypical

Multiple Choice

Kevin meets an engineer. He immediately assumes he is able to solve complex analytical problems, is intelligent, and reads a lot because his ________ schema suggests that engineers behave this way.

• Artificial

• Event

• Role

• Stereotype

Multiple Choice

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language?

• Grammar

• Lexicon

• Morpheme

• Phoneme

Multiple Choice

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

• Interpretation

• Language

• Semantics

• Syntax

Multiple Choice

Genie’s case demonstrated:

• Critical periods are absolute

• Critical periods may be better termed sensitive periods

• People can learn language at any point in their lives

• All domains of language are equally acquirable

Multiple Choice

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

• anchoring bias

• functional fixedness

• hindsight bias

• representative bias

Multiple Choice

What is the confirmation bias?

• believing the event you just experienced was predictable

• focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

• focusing only on one piece of information when making a decision

• stereotyping someone or something unintentionally

Multiple Choice

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

• Confirmation bias

• Functional fixedness

• Hindsight bias

• Mental set

Multiple Choice

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

• bodily kinesthetic

• interpersonal

• logical–mathematical

• spatial

Multiple Choice

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

• analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

• produce new products or ideas and invent novel solutions to a problem

• provide correct or established answers to a problem

• think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions to a problem

Multiple Choice

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends’ moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of the multiple intelligences model does this exemplify?

• interpersonal

• intrapersonal

• linguistic

• naturalist

Multiple Choice

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

• Charles Spearman

• Howard Gardner

• Raymond Cattell

• Robert Sternberg

Multiple Choice

In Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory, interpersonal intelligence and intrapersonal intelligence are often combined into a single type: _________ intelligence.

• emotional

• personal

• human

• empathic

Multiple Choice

____________ states abilities are related and arranged in a hierarchy with general abilities at the top, broad abilities in the middle, and narrow (specific) abilities at the bottom.

• Triarchic theory of intelligence

• g factor

• Cattel-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities

• Crystalized & Fluid Intelligence theory

Multiple Choice

What is the Flynn effect?

• Once a person knows his IQ, he stops trying to excel academically.

• The idea that standard intelligence tests are flawed when they are used to compare ethnic groups.

• The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.

• The observation that each generation has a significantly lower IQ than the previous generation.

Multiple Choice

An intelligence score that falls below ________ indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability.

• 130

• 100

• 70

• 40

Multiple Choice

Who developed The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?

• Alfred Binet

• Theodore Simon

• Sir Frances Galton

• Louis Terman

Multiple Choice

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________.

• demonstrated that female twins are more intelligent than male twins

• revealed a genetic component to intelligence

• suggested that intelligence is affected by early adoption

• suggested there is no genetic component to intelligence

Multiple Choice

Although her reading skills are just fine, Beatriz has difficulty with her writing. Her teachers have noticed that no matter how hard she tries and how much they work with her the handwriting on her papers is almost illegible. Further, although she has great thoughts and understands concepts at a high level, she is unable to put them into a cohesive written paper. Beatriz may suffer from ________.

• dyslexia

• dysgraphia

• dyscalculia

• intellectual disability

Multiple Choice

“Each person is born with a genetic potential to reach a certain level of potential, but whether or not they accomplish that level depends on their environments and experiences.” This is the foundation of the ________ model.

• evolutionary

• g-factor

• triarchic

• range of reaction

Chapter 8 (Memory)

Multiple Choice

_____ is the system by which we retain information and bring it to mind.

• ignorance
• memory
• forgetfulness
• amnesia

Multiple Choice

The “Magic 7” refers to the

• a group of seven magicians
• capacity of long-term memory

• the seven wonders of the world
• capacity of short-term memory

Multiple Choice

Sleep is important for which memory process?

• Attention
• Consolidation
• Retrieval
• Encoding

Multiple Choice

When children are first learning the alphabet, they tend to be accurate on the ABCD portion and the WXYZ portion while making lots of mistakes in between. This represents

• The serial position effect

• The A to Z effect
• The beginning and end effect
• The middle letter effect

Multiple Choice

A device for improving memory is a(n)

• Mnemonic

• Memory booster
• Memory stimulator
• Memory enhancer

Multiple Choice

_____________, _______________, and _______________ are the three processes of memory.

• Recognition, recall, and relearning
• Input, processing, and output
• Decoding, retention, and recall
• Sensory, Short-term, Long-term

Multiple Choice

___________________ holds memory for the shortest amount of time

• Cognition

• Sensory

• Feeling

• Emotion

Multiple Choice

Sensory memory is held for ______

• 1-2 minutes

• 3-4 seconds

• an hour

• 7 minutes

Multiple Choice

__________________ holds memory for a moderate amount of time

• Short-term/working memory

• Sensory

• Long-term memory

• Middle memory

Multiple Choice

Short-term memory is held for ______

• 45 seconds

• one hour

• 30 seconds

• 10 minutes

Multiple Choice

__________________ holds memory for the longest amount of time

• Long-term memory
• Short-term memory
• Working memory
• Sensory memory

Multiple Choice

Long-term memory is held for _____

• a short period of time
• a few minutes
• limitless or unlimited

• only a few seconds

Multiple Choice

The two major types of long-term memory are ___________ memory (“knowing what or that”) and ____________ memory (“knowing how”).

• semantic memory, episodic memory
• working memory, sensory memory
• short-term memory, sensory memory
• explicit, implicit

Multiple Choice

Declarative, or explicit, memory includes 2 types: __________ memory (remembering facts) and __________ memory (remembering life experience).

• short-term memory, long-term memory
• implicit memory, explicit memory
• procedural memory, working memory
• semantic memory, episodic memory

Multiple Choice

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

• amygdala

• cerebellum

• hippocampus

• prefrontal cortex

Multiple Choice

The famous case of H.M. demonstrated ________ amnesia, a condition in which a person can remember previously encoded memories but cannot encode new ones.

• retrograde amnesia
• procedural amnesia
• sensory amnesia
• anterograde amnesia

Multiple Choice

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.

• flashbulb

• graduated

• anterograde
• retrograde

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help you remember the names of all 50 states?

• memorize five states at a time—group the information into a more manageable size

• sing the names of the 50 states to the tune of “Happy Birthday”

• stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study

• think of something you might do in each state if you were on a vacation in that state

Multiple Choice

Memory loss in which earlier life events are forgotten is known as

• dissociative amnesia

• retroactive amnesia.

• Retrograde amnesia
• Anterograde amnesia

Multiple Choice

Why do students generally perform better on multiple-choice tests than on essay tests?

• Multiple-choice tests provide more retrieval cues

• Multiple-choice tests encourage better memory consolidation

• Multiple-choice tests have less proactive interference

• Multiple-choice tests have less retroactive interference.

Multiple Choice

_______ theory holds that forgetting results from the gradual deterioration of memory traces in the brain

• Interference theory
• Reconstruction theory
• Encoding theory
• Decay theory

Multiple Choice

Motivated forgetting, or ________, is the Freudian belief that people banish anxiety-provoking material from conscious awareness.

• amnesia
• denial
• repression
• suppression

Multiple Choice

________ theory holds that forgetting is the result of a failure to access stored memories.

• consolidation failure theory
• storage failure theory
• encoding failure theory
• retrieval failure theory

Multiple Choice

__________ theory is the belief that forgetting results from the interference of memories with each other

• interference belief
• memory theory
• interference theory
• forgetting theory

Multiple Choice

What type of interference accounts for why you may forget to advance the year when writing checks early in a new year?

• Retroactive interference
• Semantic interference
• Perceptual interference
• Proactive interference

Multiple Choice

Which of the following does not seem to be a function of the hippocampus?

• converting short-term memories into long-term declarative memories

• forming procedural memories

• creating long-term memories of facts (semantic memory) and life experiences (episodic memory)

• serving as a temporary storage area for new memories

Multiple Choice

Researchers today believe that memories are stored in constellations of brain cells known as _________ _______.

• memory nodes
• neuronal network

• memory cells

• brain clusters

Multiple Choice

The strengthening of synaptic connections that may underlie the conversion of short-term memory into long-term memory is called _____-______ _________.

• neuronal-integration cognition

• memory-consolidation storage

• long-term potentiation

• synaptic-strengthening ability