Text Structures

Text Structures

The author describes a topic by providing details about characteristics, features, and examples.

Think: an article describing vacation destinations​

Descriptive

Descriptive

Signal Words

• For example

• Characteristics are

• For instance

• To illustrate

• Such as

• About

The author provides events in chronological or sequential order.

Think: biography, timeline, recipe, life cycle

Chronological/
Sequence

Chronological/Sequence

Signal Words

• In the beginning

• First, Next, Then, Finally

• Times/Dates

• After that

Multiple Choice

What type of text structure uses this graphic organizer?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

What signal words does the 'descriptive' text structure use?

• Because/So/Therefore/If...then.../As a result

• In the beginning/First, Next, Then, Finally/After that

• The problem is/Conflict/The solution is

• For example/Such as/To illustrate/About

• Both/In contrast/In common/Although/On the other hand

Multiple Choice

What type of text structure uses this graphic organizer?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

The author gives information about a problem and then tells how it is solved

Think: an article about cleaning up the pollution in the ocean

Problem and Solution

Problem and Solution

Signal Words

• The problem is

• The solution is

• Conflict

• The issue is

Multiple Choice

What signal words does the 'chronlogical/sequence' text structure use?

• Because/So/Therefore/If...then.../As a result

• In the beginning/First, Next, Then, Finally/After that

• The problem is/Conflict/The solution is

• For example/Such as/To illustrate/About

• Both/In contrast/In common/Although/On the other hand

Multiple Choice

What signal words does the 'problem and solution' text structure use?

• Because/So/Therefore/If...then.../As a result

• In the beginning/First, Next, Then, Finally/After that

• The problem is/Conflict/The solution is

• For example/Such as/To illustrate/About

• Both/In contrast/In common/Although/On the other hand

The author tells the similarities and differences about two or more topics

Think: an article about Chiefs vs. Eagles

Compare and Contrast

Compare and Contrast

Signal Words

• Both

• In contrast

• Different

• Similar

• In common

• Although

• On the other hand

The authors tells about what causes an effect and what the effect is

Think: an article about the effects of deforestation of the rainforest

Cause and Effect

Cause and Effect

Signal Words

• Because

• So

• Therefore

• If...then...

• Effect

• Caused

• As a result

• Due to

Multiple Choice

What signal words does the 'compare and contrast' text structure use?

• Because/So/Therefore/If...then.../As a result

• In the beginning/First, Next, Then, Finally/After that

• The problem is/Conflict/The solution is

• For example/Such as/To illustrate/About

• Both/In contrast/In common/Although/On the other hand

Multiple Choice

What signal words does the 'cause and effect' text structure use?

• Because/So/Therefore/If...then.../As a result

• In the beginning/First, Next, Then, Finally/After that

• The problem is/Conflict/The solution is

• For example/Such as/To illustrate/About

• Both/In contrast/In common/Although/On the other hand

Multiple Choice

What type of text structure uses this graphic organizer?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

What type of text structure uses this graphic organizer?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

What type of text structure uses this graphic organizer?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Poll

How do you feel about text structures?

• I haven't taken any notes. Hope I don't need them...

• I am glad we are going over this. I need a refresher.

• I remember these from elementary school. I got this!

Multiple Choice

Rachel found a wasp nest on her back porch. When she went inside to find some wasp spray, she found that she was out. She put “wasp spray “ on her mother’s grocery list.

What is the text structure for the above text?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

First, the cheetah lays waiting in the tall brush. Next, the cheetah sees his prey. The gazelle doesn’t see the cheetah. Suddenly, the cheetah springs into action. He catches his prey. Finally, the big cat drags his catch off to a secluded spot.

What is the text structure for the above text?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

Dodos were discovered by the Dutch on the island of Mauritius in the late 1500s. The sailors found that the birds were easy to catch and good to eat. This led to a sharp decrease in the dodo population. Con- sequently the last dodo was seen on the island in 1681.

What is the text structure for the above text?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

Apes and monkeys are both mammals. An ape has a larger body and arms that are longer than its legs, while a monkey has a smaller body . The monkey’s arms are the same length or shorter than its legs.

What is the text structure for the above text?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

A grizzly bear is one of the largest land based predators. It is easily identified by a distinctive hump on its shoulders. It has short rounded ears and a dish shaped face. It has long claws which can be 2—4 inches in length. Its fur can range in color, but the tips of the fur are generally lighter in color.

What is the text structure for the above text?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

We commonly give the term “peacock” to a bird which is a member of the pheasant family. Actually, the male bird is called a peacock, while the female bird is called a peahen. Both are from the peafowl family. The male is known for having a crest on its head as well as an amazing colorful train. It will strut with its train out to attract a female. Females are usually brown with a white belly and a green neck so that they are more easily camouflaged to raise their young.

What is the text structure for the above text?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

“To solve the mystery of the disappearing turtles, Fred and the gang will look for clues and then examine the evidence.”

What is the text structure for the above text?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

Meercats are small mammals belonging to the mongoose family. It has a long slender body and limbs. It has a long skinny tail that is not bushy. It has black patches on its eyes.

What is the text structure for the above text?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

Before the 1800s, it is estimated that over 100 million bison (buffalo) roamed the American plains. Due to overhunting in the 1800s for their hides and meat, the American bison almost be- came extinct. There numbers by the 19th century were estimated to be only a few hundred.

What is the text structure for the above text?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Multiple Choice

Each year from May to October loggerhead turtles return to Florida’s beaches to lay eggs. First, the mother turtle finds a quiet spot on the sandy beach. Then, she digs a hole with her back flippers. Afterwards, she lays her eggs and covers them with sand to keep them warm and protect them from predators. Finally, she leaves the next and heads back to the ocean.

What is the text structure for the above text?

• Description

• Chronological
  Sequence

• Problem and Solution

• Compare and Contrast

• Cause and Effect

Poll

How do you feel about text structures?

• Wait, what? Text structures?!

• I am still getting them confused and really struggling to identify them in the text.

• I feel good. I know the difference between them but are struggling to identify.

• I feel great! I could identify any of these.