NCERT PLUS ONE.Chapter 9 . SOLAR RADIATION HEAT BALANCE AND T

Multiple Choice

1. Question 1 : What is the primary source of energy for the Earth?

• 1. Geothermal energy

• 1. Solar radiation

• 1. Wind energy

• 1. Nuclear energy

​The Earth receives almost all of its energy from the sun, making solar radiation the primary source

Multiple Choice

1. Question 2 : Define insolation and its significance in Earth's energy balance.

• 1. Outgoing solar radiation

• 1. Incoming solar radiation

• 1. Terrestrial radiation

• 1. Albedo effect

​Insolation refers to incoming solar radiation, playing a crucial role in heating the Earth's surface.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 3 : What is the average amount of solar energy received by the Earth's surface per minute at the top of its atmosphere?

• 1. 1.94 calories per sq. cm

• 1. 3.5 watts per sq. m

• 1. 10 calories per sq. cm

• 1. watts per sq. m

​On average, the Earth receives 1.94 calories per sq. cm per minute at the top of its atmosphere.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 4 : How does the Earth's axial tilt influence insolation at different latitudes?

• 1. It causes day and night

• 1. It results in slanting sun rays

• 1. It determines the seasons

• 1. It affects atmospheric pressure

The axial tilt causes slanting sun rays, impacting the distribution of insolation at different latitudes

Multiple Choice

1. Question 5.: Explain the spatial distribution of insolation on Earth's surface.

• 1. Uniform distribution

• 1. Varied distribution from tropics to poles

• 1. Highest at the equator

• 1. Decreases with altitude

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Insolation varies from about 320 Watt/m2 in the tropics to about 70 Watt/m2 at the poles.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 6 : What processes contribute to the heating of the atmosphere in contact with the land?

• 1. Conduction

• 1. Convection

• 1. Radiation

• 1. All of the above

Heating of the land-air interface involves conduction, convection, and radiation.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 7 : Define convection in the context of atmospheric heating.

• 1. Heat transfer through direct contact

• 1. Heat transfer through fluid movement

• 1. Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves

• 1. Heat transfer through reflection

​Convection is the process of heat transfer through fluid movement, such as rising air currents.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 8 : How does the Earth's surface release the energy it receives in the form of insolation?

• 1. Conduction

• 1. Convection

• 1. Terrestrial radiation

• 1. Albedo effect

​The Earth's surface releases the energy through terrestrial radiation, primarily in the form of longwave radiation.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 9 : What role do greenhouse gases play in the Earth's energy balance?

• 1. They absorb shortwave radiation

• 1. They absorb longwave radiation

• 1. They reflect sunlight

• 1. They enhance albedo

​Greenhouse gases absorb longwave radiation, contributing to the warming of the atmosphere

Multiple Choice

1. Question 10 : In the heat budget of the Earth, what percentage of terrestrial radiation is directly radiated to space?

• 1. 17%

• 1. 34%

• 1. 51%

• 1. 68%

​ 17% of terrestrial radiation is directly radiated to space in the heat budget.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 11 : How is the surplus heat energy from the tropics redistributed?

• 1. Through conduction

• 1. Through convection

• 1. Poleward redistribution

​Surplus heat from the tropics is redistributed poleward, involving both convection and poleward movement.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 12 : What prevents the tropics from getting progressively hotter or high latitudes from getting permanently frozen?

• 1. Insolation

• 1. Atmospheric circulation

• 1. Ocean currents

• 1. Greenhouse effect

​The redistribution of surplus heat prevents extreme temperature conditions in both the tropics and high latitudes.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 13 : Identify the correct order of processes in the Earth's heat budget.

• 1. Insolation, convection, terrestrial radiation

• 1. Conduction, convection, radiation

• 1. Radiation, convection, conduction

• 1. Convection, radiation, conduction

​The correct order is insolation, terrestrial radiation, convection, and conduction.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 14 : What is the significance of the albedo effect in the Earth's heat budget?

• 1. It increases absorption of solar radiation

• 1. It decreases reflection of solar radiation

• 1. It enhances the greenhouse effect

• 1. It influences the reflectivity of Earth's surface

​The albedo effect influences the reflectivity of Earth's surface, affecting the absorption and reflection of solar radiation.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 15 : How does the Earth's surface balance the absorbed and radiated energy?

• 1. Through photosynthesis

• 1. Through ocean currents

• 1. Through the heat budget

• 1. Through seismic activity

​The Earth's surface balances absorbed and radiated energy through the heat budget.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 16 : Explain the concept of "net heat budget" in the context of the Earth's surface.

• 1. The difference between insolation and terrestrial radiation

• 1. The balance between incoming and outgoing energy

• 1. The heat absorbed by the oceans

• 1. The net gain in atmospheric temperature

​ The net heat budget represents the balance between incoming and outgoing energy at the Earth's surface.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 17 : What is the primary mechanism responsible for the vertical movement of heated air in the atmosphere?

• 1. Conduction

• 1. Convection

• 1. Radiation

• 1. Advection

​ Convection is the primary mechanism responsible for the vertical movement of heated air.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 18 : How does the Earth's axis tilt affect the seasons?

• 1. . It causes day and night

• 1. It results in slanting sun rays

• 1. It leads to the equinoxes

• 1. determines the solstices

​The Earth's axis tilt results in slanting sun rays, contributing to the variation in seasons.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 19 : What is the primary factor influencing the variability of insolation at different latitudes?

• 1. Atmospheric pressure

• 1. Ocean currents

• 1. Earth's axial tilt

• 1. Latitude

​ The Earth's axial tilt and resulting latitude influence the variability of insolation at different latitudes

Multiple Choice

1. Question 20 : In the heat budget diagram, what does the term "scattered radiation" refer to?

1. "Scattered radiation" in the diagram refers to solar radiation reflected by clouds.

• 1. Solar radiation absorbed by the atmosphere

• 1. Solar radiation reflected by clouds

• 1. Terrestrial radiation emitted by the Earth

• 1. Heat conducted through the Earth's surface

​ "Scattered radiation" in the diagram refers to solar radiation reflected by clouds.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 21 : What percentage of the Earth's surface receives the highest insolation?

• 1. 30%

• 1. 50%

• 1. 70%

• 1. 90%

​The Equator and tropics receive the highest insolation, covering approximately 30% of the Earth's surface.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 22 : What is the primary reason for the lower insolation at higher latitudes?

• 1. Ozone layer depletion

• 1. Increased cloud cover

• 1. Slanting sun rays

• 1. Atmospheric absorption

​The higher latitudes receive lower insolation due to the slanting angle of the sun rays

Multiple Choice

1. Question 23 : How does the Earth's atmosphere contribute to the absorption of solar radiation?

• 1. Through convection

• 1. Through greenhouse gases

• 1. Through albedo effect

• 1. Through advection

​Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere contribute to the absorption of solar radiation

Multiple Choice

1. Question 24 : Which process involves the vertical rise of air currents due to heating?

• 1. Conduction

• 1. Convection

• 1. Advection

• 1. Radiation

​The vertical rise of air currents due to heating is known as convection.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 25 : What is the primary form of radiation absorbed by atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide?

• 1. Shortwave radiation

• 1. Longwave radiation

• 1. Ultraviolet radiation

• 1. Infrared radiation

​ Atmospheric gases, including carbon dioxide, primarily absorb longwave (infrared) radiation.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 26 : In the heat budget diagram, what does the term "latent heat of condensation" refer to?

• 1. Heat released during condensation

• 1. Heat absorbed during condensation

• 1. Heat released during evaporation

• 1. Heat absorbed during evaporation

​"Latent heat of condensation" refers to the heat released during condensation in the atmosphere.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 27 : How much of the absorbed energy by the atmosphere is radiated back directly to space in the Earth's heat budget?

• 1. 6 units

• 1. 17 units

• 1. 34 units

• 1. 48 units

​17 units of absorbed energy by the atmosphere are radiated directly to space in the heat budget.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 28 : Which component of the Earth's heat budget is responsible for the redistribution of surplus heat energy?

• 1. Conduction

• 1. Convection

• 1. Terrestrial radiation

• 1. Ocean currents

​The redistribution of surplus heat energy is primarily facilitated by convection.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 29 . What is the total solar radiation received by the Earth's surface?

• 1. Scattered to space - 6

• 1. Reflected by space - 27

• 1. Scattered radiation + Direct radiation + Absorbed by atmosphere

• 1. Radiated to space from Earth - 17

​The total solar radiation received by the Earth's surface is the sum of scattered radiation, direct radiation, and absorbed by the atmosphere.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 30 : In the heat budget diagram, what does the term "turbulence and convection" represent?

• 1. Vertical movement of air currents

• 1. Horizontal movement of air currents

• 1. Heat released during condensation

• 1. Heat absorbed during evaporation

​ "Turbulence and convection" in the diagram represent the vertical movement of air currents due to heating.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 31 : How much of the absorbed energy by the atmosphere is radiated back into space in the Earth's heat budget?

• 1. 17 units

• 1. 34 units

• 1. 48 units

• 1. 51 units

​48 units of absorbed energy by the atmosphere are radiated back into space in the heat budget.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 32 : What is the primary form of solar radiation that is scattered to space in the Earth's heat budget?

• 1. Shortwave radiation

• 1. Longwave radiation

• 1. Ultraviolet radiation

• 1. Infrared radiation

​The primary form of solar radiation scattered to space is shortwave radiation.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 33 : What process involves the direct reflection of solar radiation by the Earth's surface?

1. The albedo effect involves the direct reflection of solar radiation by the Earth's surface.

• 1. Conduction

• 1. Convection

• 1. Scattering

• 1. Albedo effect

​The albedo effect involves the direct reflection of solar radiation by the Earth's surface.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 34 : What does the term "net gain in atmospheric temperature" refer to in the Earth's heat budget?

• 1. The increase in atmospheric pressure

• 1. The overall warming of the atmosphere

• 1. The decrease in greenhouse gas concentration

• 1. The variation in atmospheric humidity

​ The "net gain in atmospheric temperature" refers to the overall warming of the atmosphere due to the heat budget.

Multiple Choice

1. Question 35 : How does the Earth's heat budget prevent extreme temperature conditions in different regions?

• 1. Through photosynthesis

• 1. Through ocean currents

• 1. Through the redistribution of heat

• 1. Through seismic activity

​The Earth's heat budget prevents extreme temperature conditions through the redistribution of heat.