Plant Anatomy & Physiology: Recap

Plant Anatomy &
Physiology: Recap

What is plant anatomy?

• ANATOMY: study of the structure of

organisms… looking at cells, tissues.

What is plant physiology?

•PHYSIOLOGY: study of the function of cells,
tissues, organs of living things;

and the physics/chemistry of these functions…

Multiple Choice

Charlotte, Aria, and Aiden are working on a school project about organisms. They are specifically focusing on the study of the structure of organisms, looking at cells and tissues. What is this study called?

• Cellular respiration

• Plant physiology

• Plant anatomy

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Scarlett, Henry, and Mason are studying different aspects of plants for their science project. Scarlett is studying photosynthesis, Henry is studying cellular respiration, and Mason is studying plant anatomy. If one of them wants to study the function of cells, tissues, and organs of plants, who should they join?

• Scarlett (Photosynthesis)

• Henry (Cellular respiration)

• Mason (Plant anatomy)

• None of them

The Four Basic Organs of Plants

○ Leaves

○ Stems

○ Roots

○ Flowers

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not one of the four basic organs of plants?

• Roots

• Stems

• Leaves

• Fruits

Leaves

○ Functions

○ Make food through

photosynthesis

○ Site of gas exchange

○ Oxygen move out of the

plant

○ Carbon Dioxide move

into the plant

○ Stores food

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of leaves in plants?

• Food storage

• Water absorption

• Reproduction

• Gas exchange

Stems

○ Functions

○ Movement of nutrients

○ Support leaves & reproductive structures

○ Food storage

Multiple Choice

Which organ of a plant is responsible for supporting leaves and reproductive structures?

• Stems

• Leaves

• Roots

• Flowers

Roots

○ Functions

○ Anchor the plant

○ Absorb water & minerals

○ Store food

○ Propagate or reproduce

some plants

Multiple Choice

What is the function of roots in plants?

• Food storage

• Reproduction

• Gas exchange

• Water absorption

Flowers vs Cones

○ Cones can be male

or female

○ Flowers can be male,

female, or both.

male

male

female

both

female

PLANTS CANNOT

HAVE BOTH FLOWERS

AND CONES!

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true about flowers and cones in plants?

• Flowers are male reproductive organs

• Plants cannot have both flowers and cones

• Cones attract insects for pollination

• Flowers produce fruit

Flowers

○ Function

○ Contain the sexual

organ for the plant.

○ Produces fruit.
○ Attracts insects for

pollination.

Multiple Choice

What is the main function of flowers in plants?

• Reproduction

• Water absorption

• Food storage

• Gas exchange

Fruits

○ Functions

○ Contains the seeds of the plant, which is how

the plant reproduces.

○ Entices animals to eat fruit and spread seeds.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of fruits in plants?

• Reproduction

• Water absorption

• Food storage

• Gas exchange

Plant Tissues

What is a tissue?

○ A tissue is a group of cells that are specialized

to perform a very specific function.

Ground Tissue

○ Responsible for

structure and
carbohydrate (sugar)
storage.

○ Found between the

vascular and dermal
tissue in a plant.

Multiple Choice

Emma, Ava, and William are working on a school project about plant tissues. They are particularly interested in the tissue responsible for providing structure and storing carbohydrates in plants. Which tissue should they focus on?

• Meristematic tissue

• Dermal tissue

• Vascular tissue

• Ground tissue

Vascular Tissue

○ Responsible for

internal water and
nutrient transport
for the plant.

Multiple Choice

Which tissue in plants is responsible for internal water and nutrient transport?

• Ground tissue

• Vascular tissue

• Dermal tissue

• Meristematic tissue

Vascular Tissue - Specific Structures

○ Xylem

○ Responsible for

transporting
water & nutrients
up- from roots to
stems & leaves.

○ Phloem

○ Tissue that

transports food
down- from
leaves to roots.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is responsible for transporting water and nutrients up from roots to stems and leaves?

• Xylem

• Phloem

• Stomata

• Guard cells

Dermal Tissue

○ Protect the more

sensitive tissue layers of
plant, and is primarily
found in the leaves of the
plant.

○ Responsible for

photosynthesis.

○ Mostly found in the

leaves of a plant.

Multiple Choice

Which tissue in plants is responsible for gas exchange needed for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Ground tissue

• Vascular tissue

• Dermal tissue

• Meristematic tissue

Specialized Cells in Dermal Tissue

○ Stomata/Stoma

○ Responsible for gas

exchange needed for
photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.

○ Guard Cells

○ Two cells located on each

side of stomata

○ Open and closes stomata

Stomata

Guard Cell

Multiple Choice

What is the function of stomata in plants?

• Water absorption

• Reproduction

• Food storage

• Gas exchange

Dermal Tissue - Specific Structures

Root Hairs

○ Tiny one celled

hair-like extensions of
the epidermal cells
located near the tips
of roots.

○ Increase surface

area.

○ Absorb water &

minerals.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of root hairs in plants?

• Food storage

• Reproduction

• Gas exchange

• Water absorption

Meristematic Tissue

○ Responsible for the

production of new cells via a
process called mitosis.

○ We’ll learn more about mitosis

more later…

○ Meristematic tissues are

found:

○ Near the tip of the roots and

stems

Meristematic Tissue - Specific Structures

Cambium

○ Produces new xylem and phloem.

○ Responsible for secondary growth in the plant (plants

getting wider).

Meristematic Tissue - Specific Structures

Root Cap

○ Protects the sensitive

meristematic tissue of the
root.

○ Indicates growth of new roots.