APHUG Unit 3 Practice Exam

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between cultural relativism and ethnocentrism?

• Cultural relativism embraces different cultures, while ethnocentrism judges them by one's own cultural standards

• Cultural relativism and ethnocentrism are synonymous

• Cultural relativism evaluates cultures based on economic factors, while ethnocentrism evaluates based on social factors

• Cultural relativism is only applicable to Eastern cultures, while ethnocentrism is applicable to Western cultures.

Multiple Choice

Culture is defined as:

• The genetic makeup of a society

• The shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors of a society

• The geographical location of a society

• The economic status of a society

Multiple Choice

The analogy of an iceberg is used to illustrate that:

• Culture is easily observable on the surface but difficult to understand beneath.

• Culture is primarily defined by language and behavior.

• Culture has no visible aspects.

• Culture is superficial and lacks depth.

Look how these women dress

Multiple Choice

Which could be a reason behind the way they dress?

• The impact of global fashion on cultural attire.

• How cultural values influence dressing styles

• The economic differences in clothing choices.

Multiple Choice

How is a cultural landscape defined?

• The physical features of a region that have been shaped by natural forces.
• The traditions and customs of a particular ethnic group.
• The economic activities and industries of a specific area.
• The combined works of nature and humans that reflect the culture of a particular society.

Multiple Choice

What are the two main categories influencing cultural landscapes?

• Social and economic factors
• Geographical and historical factors
• Agricultural and industrial processes

• Physical and environmental factors

Multiple Choice

How does industrial activity contribute to a sense of placelessness?

• By preserving unique cultural and natural features.
• By promoting diversity and cultural exchange.
• By enhancing the sense of place and identity.
• By homogenizing landscapes and erasing unique cultural and natural features.

Multiple Choice

What purpose do buildings like churches, mosques, temples, and synagogues serve?

• They are abandoned buildings with no purpose.
• They are used for political rallies and meetings.
• They serve as places of worship and religious gatherings for their respective religions.
• They serve as community centers for non-religious activities.

Multiple Choice

How does linguistic characteristics, specifically language, contribute to cultural landscapes?

• Language has no impact on cultural landscapes.
• Cultural landscapes are solely determined by geographical factors.
• Cultural landscapes are shaped by economic factors, not language.
• Language influences the development of cultural practices, traditions, and values, and plays a crucial role in the formation and preservation of cultural identities.

Multiple Choice

What does the term "sequent occupant" refer to, and how does it relate to cultural landscapes?

• A type of plant or animal found in cultural landscapes
• A person who studies cultural landscapes
• A term used to describe the process of creating cultural landscapes
• A group or individual who succeeds another in occupying a particular place or cultural landscape

Multiple Choice

How does traditional architecture reflect the values and identity of a community?

• By incorporating local materials, building techniques, and cultural symbols into the design.
• By copying the architecture of other communities without any modifications
• By completely ignoring the local culture and symbols in the design
• By using modern materials and techniques that are not specific to the community

Multiple Choice

What is acculturation?

• The process of erasing one's own culture and adopting a new one
• The process of creating a new culture by combining two or more different cultures
• The process of cultural modification that occurs when two or more different cultures come into contact with one another and share ideas, beliefs, and customs.

• The process of isolating oneself from other cultures and maintaining one's own culture

Multiple Choice

What is assimilation?

• The process of rejecting new information and sticking to old beliefs.
• The process of bringing people together.

• The process of absorbing new information into existing knowledge or schema.
• The process of combining two or more different things to form a new whole.

Multiple Choice

Forced assimilation is:

• The process of voluntarily integrating individuals or groups into a dominant culture.
• The process of forcibly integrating individuals or groups into a dominant culture.
• The process of isolating individuals or groups from a dominant culture.
• The process of preserving and promoting diverse cultures within a society.

An example of forced assimilation are Canadian residential schools, where the government would force indigenous children to abandon their old cultures and adopt european culture. As many as 40,000 children are estimated to have been killed

​Forced Assimilation

Multiple Choice

Colonialism is:

• The act of establishing a colony on another planet.
• The process of dividing a country into separate states.
• The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
• The practice of promoting cultural diversity within a society.

Multiple Choice

Imperialism is:

• A policy or ideology of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or economic dominance.
• A policy or ideology of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy and negotiation.
• A policy or ideology of extending a country's power and influence through isolationism and non-interference.
• A policy or ideology of extending a country's power and influence through cultural exchange and cooperation.

Multiple Choice

An example of contagious diffusion is:

• The spread of a viral video through social media platforms.
• The spread of a popular song through radio stations.
• The spread of a contagious disease through physical contact.
• The spread of a rumor through word of mouth.

Multiple Choice

A ______ is a language that resulted from mixing of colonizer's language and the indigenous language

• creole
• hybrid
• lingua franca
• pidgin

Multiple Select

What is an example of a creole?

• Haitian Creole
• Swahili

Multiple Choice

Cultural ___________ is the tendency of cultures to become more alike as they share technology and organizational structure in a modern world, united by transportation and communication

• convergence

• divergence

• segregation
• isolation

This is the tendency of cultures to become more similar the more connected they become - similar to globalization :)

​Cultural Convergence

Multiple Choice

Cultural Divergence is:

• The process of different cultures becoming more similar over time.
• The process of different cultures becoming more dissimilar over time.
• The process of different cultures merging into one culture.
• The process of different cultures disappearing over time.

Multiple Choice

An example of cultural divergence is:

• The adoption of the English language in former British colonies
• The Amish community in the United States
• The merging of different musical genres to create a new style
• The spread of McDonald's restaurants worldwide

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT a cultural trait?

• Religion
• Food
• Language
• None of the above

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between mentifacts and sociofacts?

• Mentifacts are physical elements of culture while sociofacts are intangible social norms.
• Mentifacts and sociofacts are interchangeable terms for the same concept.
• Mentifacts are cultural practices while sociofacts are economic structures.
• Mentifacts are intangible elements of culture while sociofacts are social structures and organizations that shape culture.

Mentifacts are the shared beliefs, ideas, and values of a culture.

​

Mentifacts

Sociofacts are forms of social organization - family structures, governments, etc.

Sociofacts

Multiple Choice

Religion is an example of a

• Mentifact

• Sociofact

• Artifact

Multiple Choice

Values are an example of a

• Mentifact

• Sociofact

• Artifact

Multiple Choice

Art is an example of a

• Mentifact

• Sociofact

• Artifact

Multiple Choice

Food is an example of a

• Mentifact

• Sociofact

• Artifact

Multiple Choice

Family structure is an example of a

• Mentifact

• Sociofact

• Artifact

Multiple Choice

An ethnic neighborhood is:

• A neighborhood with a diverse population of people from different ethnicities
• A neighborhood or area with a concentrated population of people of the same ethnicity or nationality.
• A neighborhood with a concentrated population of people of the same religion but different language

• A neighborhood with a concentrated population of people of different nationalities

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of an ethnic neighbourhood?

• Little Italy
• French Quarter
• Financial District
• Chinatown

Multiple Select

Which are ethnic religions? (Select all that apply)

• Hinduism

• Buddhism

• Sikhism

• Judaism

• Christianity

Multiple Select

Which are universalizing religions? (Select all that apply)

• Sikhism

• Christianity

• Hinduism
• Islam

• Buddhism

Multiple Choice

Which religions are abrahamic?

• Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism
• Judaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism
• Christianity, Hinduism, and Sikhism
• Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Multiple Choice

Which religion has 4 noble truths and the eight fold path?

• Islam
• Buddhism
• Hinduism
• Christianity

Multiple Choice

Which religion believes in reincarnation, karma, and the cast system?

• Christianity
• Judaism
• Hinduism
• Buddhism

Multiple Choice

Which religion has 5 pillairs?

• Islam
• Hinduism
• Buddhism
• Christianity

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT one of the 5 pillars of Islam?

• Believing in one God
• Fasting during Ramadan
• Performing Hajj
• Believing in reincarnation
• Giving to charity

You don't have to memorize all of these, but you should be able to recognize them

​

5 Pillars of Islam

Multiple Choice

What is ethnicity?

• Language
• Gender
• Religion
• Cultural background

Replace this with your body text.

​Duplicate this text as many times as you would like.

​

Ethnicity vs Culture?

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT a type of expansion diffusion?

• Contagious diffusion
• Hierarchical diffusion
• Relocation diffusion

Draw

Put a dot on the HEARTH of Jusaism

Hopefully your dot was placed on Israel!

​

​Judaism Hearth

Draw

Put a dot on the HEARTH of Christianity

Hopefully your dot was placed on Israel!

​

​Christianity Hearth

Draw

Put a dot on the HEARTH of Islam

Hopefully your dot was placed on Saudi Arabia - even better if you got Mecca :)

​

​Islam Hearth

Draw

Put a dot on the HEARTH of Hinduism

Hopefully your dot was placed on the Indus River Valley :)

​

​Hinduism Hearth

Draw

Put a dot on the HEARTH of Buddhism

Hopefully your dot was placed on Nepal

​

​Buddhism Hearth

Draw

Put a dot on the HEARTH of Sikhism

Hopefully your dot was placed on India

​

​Sikhism Hearth

Multiple Choice

What is globalization?

• The process of increasing competition and conflict among countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas.
• The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas.
• The process of increasing isolation and self-sufficiency among countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas.
• The process of decreasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries through the exchange of goods, services, information, and ideas.

Multiple Choice

Example of Hiearchical diffusion?

• Spread of a new management technique from a manager to a CEO
• Spread of a new management technique from a CEO to managers in a company
• Spread of a new management technique from a CEO to customers

Multiple Choice

What is stimulus diffusion?

• A type of cultural diffusion where an idea or concept spreads to a new culture or society and is only partially adopted.
• A type of cultural diffusion where an idea or concept spreads to a new culture or society and is completely rejected.
• A type of cultural diffusion where an idea or concept spreads to a new culture or society without any modifications.
• A type of cultural diffusion where an idea or concept spreads to a new culture or society and is modified or adapted to fit the local context.

McDonalds switching their beef burgers for chicken in India is an example of Stimulus Diffusion - the idea was altered to move to a new region

​

Stimulus Diffusion Example

Multiple Choice

What are Indigenous religions like typically?

• Belief in multiple gods and goddesses, worship of idols and statues, and emphasis on written scriptures and prayers.
• Rejection of all religious beliefs, focus on scientific explanations, and emphasis on individualism and self-reliance.
• Close connection to nature, belief in ancestral spirits, and emphasis on oral traditions and rituals.
• Belief in a single supreme being, emphasis on meditation and self-reflection, and rejection of material possessions.

Multiple Select

What is an example of a language dialect?

• American English
• British English
• Australian English

Multiple Choice

What is a language family?

• A group of unrelated languages that have evolved independently.
• A group of languages that have the same vocabulary but different grammar.
• A group of languages that have no common ancestral language.
• A group of related languages that have evolved from a common ancestral language.

Multiple Choice

What is a lingua franca?

• A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.
• A language that is no longer in use.
• A language that is spoken by a small group of people.
• A language that is only used in written form.

Multiple Select

What is an example of a lingua franca used in the USA?

• English
• Spanish

The USA doesn't have an official language! English and Spanish are technically lingua francas since they aren't official but widely spoken

​USA Official Language

Multiple Choice

What is linguistic geography?

• The study of how language is influenced by climate change.
• The study of how language is influenced by technology.
• The study of how language varies geographically and how it influences and is influenced by social, cultural, and physical factors.
• The study of how language varies based on gender and age.

Multiple Choice

What is multiculturalism?

• The coexistence of different cultures within a society
• The dominance of one culture over others within a society
• The elimination of cultural diversity within a society
• The belief that all cultures are the same

"The presence of, or support for the presence of, several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society"

​

Multiculturalism

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of multiculturalism?

• A diverse community
• A homogeneous society

Multiple Choice

What is a pidgin?

• A simplified form of language used for communication between groups who do not share a common language.
• An official language of a newly formed region

• A type of bird

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of placelessness?

• Uniformity of chain stores and restaurants in suburban areas
• Diversity of locally-owned businesses in urban areas

Multiple Choice

What is placemaking?

• The process of designing and constructing buildings in a community with the intention of serving the needs of the community.

• The process of organizing events and activities in a community.
• The process of implementing transportation systems in a community.

Multiple Choice

What is this?

Transforming a vacant lot into a community garden

• Placelessness

• Cultural Convergence

• Centrifugal force

• Placemaking

Multiple Choice

What is a sense of place?

• The emotional and psychological attachment that a person has to a particular location or environment.
• The physical characteristics of a location
• The ability to navigate through a new environment
• The amount of money required to live in a certain area

This style of architecture was created to argue against modern architecture, which prioritizes function over form

​Postmodern Architecture

Multiple Choice

Angkor Wat used to be a Hindu Temple, before being converted to a Buddhist Temple. This is an example of:

• Expansion Diffusion

• Sequent Occupancy

• Conversion Diffusion

• Placemaking

Multiple Choice

Tex-Mex is an example of:

• Syncretism

• Expansion Diffusion

• Cultural Convergence

• Sequent Occupancy

Multiple Choice

What is time-space compression?

• The expansion of time and space to infinite dimensions.
• The complete elimination of time and space as concepts.
• The reduction in the time it takes to travel between places and the decrease in the perceived distance between them.
• The increase in the time it takes to travel between places and the increase in the perceived distance between them.

Multiple Select

What is an example of a toponym?

• London
• New York
• Grand Canyon

• Rocky Mountains

Multiple Choice

What is Taboo?

• A type of food.
• A type of dance.
• A social or cultural prohibition or restriction.
• A popular board game.

Multiple Choice

What is traditional culture?

• Traditional culture refers to modern practices and values
• Traditional culture is a term used to describe ancient civilizations
• Traditional culture is a concept that is no longer relevant
• Customs, beliefs, practices, and values passed down from generation to generation

Amish are a perfect example of local culture; they are a small group of people that exist within a bigger, more dominant culture. Many reject technology to live traditionally.

​

Amish

Multiple Choice

What's the difference between local culture and traditional culture?

• Local culture is a modern phenomenon, while traditional culture is ancient.
• Local culture is influenced by globalization, while traditional culture is isolated.
• Local culture is more diverse and inclusive, while traditional culture is exclusive and homogeneous.
• Local cultures exist within a dominant culture, while traditional cultures have not been affected by technology. They often have little to no contact with the outside world.

Multiple Select

Which is an example of cultural appropriation?

• Wearing a traditional Native American headdress as a fashion accessory.
• Using henna as a temporary tattoo without understanding its cultural significance.
• Selling dreamcatchers as trendy home decor without acknowledging their spiritual meaning.
• Wearing a traditional Japanese kimono as a Halloween costume.

This is a controversial topic, and varies from person to person. Some believe it's good to explore different cultures, while other believe it's offensive

Cultural Appropriation

Multiple Choice

How are categories of languages organized? (Largest -> Smallest)

• Language families -> Branches -> Groups -> Individual languages

• Branches -> Language families -> Groups -> Individual languages

• Individual languages -> Groups -> Branches -> Language families

• Individual languages ->Groups-> Branches -> Language families

Multiple Choice

What is an Isogloss?

• A type of weather phenomenon
• A type of geological formation
• A line on a map that marks the boundary between two different linguistic features
• A type of musical instrument

Old MCQ Questions

​Write your answers down - they wont be shown until the end

a) Spanish conquistadores’ fortifications, architecture, and forestry

b) Classical Roman fortifications, infrastructure, and art

c) Buddhist monasteries, gardens, and religious text

d) Moorish Islamic art, architecture, and script

e) Portuguese universities, design, and gardens

Which of the following elements of the cultural landscape are shown in the images?

a) Southern Spain was once under Muslim control, as indicated by the Islamic architecture of the palace in the images.

b) The dome of the palace is evidence of Roman Catholicism, which diffused to Spain through Granada during Italy's rule of the port city.

C) The script shown on the building diffused to Spain through Protestant missionaries from Rome who traveled to Spain in the early 1700s.

d) The adobe building material indicates the diffusion of Buddhism from China to Granada along early trade routes.

e) The opaque patterns on the stained glass windows are evidence of the diffusion of Russian Orthodox architecture, which was brought to Granada during the early sixteenth century by Christian missionaries.

Based on the images shown, which of the following best explains the process of diffusion in relation to the religious history of Spain?

a) The temple reflects the types of food and housing traditionally found in rural Chinese landscapes.

b) The people in the area around the temple primarily speak Malay and Arabic.

c) The temple reflects typical Buddhist architecture.

d) Planners use geographic information systems (GIS) to optimize land use in the city.

e) Buddhism is the majority religion of Singaporeans.

Which of the following statements identifies a cultural trait evident in the photograph?

a) The Buddhist temple is a modern structure that represents the recent expansion of Buddhism into Southeast Asia.

b) The skyscrapers in the image represent the importance of economic success over religious expression in Singapore.

c) The Buddhist temple and skyscrapers represent the effects of sequent occupance on Singapore's cultural landscape.

d) The Buddhist temple represents the value of traditional religion in the culture of modern Singapore.

e) The skyscrapers symbolize the traditional culture of Singapore as an ancient trade port.

The photograph was taken in Singapore. Which of the following statements best describes how the buildings shown in the photograph represent the culture of Singapore?

a) Multiple ethnicities share the same space in the neighborhood shown in the image.

b) The space shown in the image is an example of infilling within a specified neighborhood.

c) As shown in the image, there are multiple ethnicities found within this city’s greenbelt.

d) The process of suburbanization, as shown in the image, often results in multi-ethnic neighborhoods.

e) Brownfield development results in the creation of multi-ethnic landscapes like the one shown in the image.

Which of the following best explains how the image represents a cultural landscape?

a) The use of shared religion creates an attachment to this landscape.

b) The use of ethnic languages creates an attachment to this landscape.

c) The presence of community supported agriculture (CSA) and local markets creates an attachment to this landscape.

d) Suburban sprawl and its use of space contribute to sense of place in this landscape.

e) Redlining of multi-ethnic neighborhoods contributes to sense of place.

Which of the following statements best explains sense of place as demonstrated by the image?

a) assimilation

b) cultural relativism

c) acculturation

d) cultural diffusion

e) ethnocentrism

The map shown was published in the United States in the early twentieth century. The title of the map is an example of:

a) The United States flag and the Taiwanese flag

b) The straight streets and the highly ornamental buildings

c) Signage in English and signage in Chinese

d) Cars lining city streets and seafood in restaurants

e) Chinese-language signs and Chinese lamps

Using information from the image, which of the following can be described as identifiable signs and symbols of a Chinese cultural landscape in San Francisco?

a) The image shows distinctive cultural areas that represent the five world religions that are practiced in close proximity to one another in the Old City.

b) The skyscrapers shown in the image represent a secular landscape that indicates how modern Jerusalem has become.

c) The image shows dispersed residential areas, implying that Jerusalem is very densely populated.

d) The image shows defensive characteristics of the walled section of the city that remain active today.

e) The image indicates that Muslim and Jewish citizens live in close proximity to each other.

The image shows the Old City of Jerusalem. Which statement best describes the spatial pattern in the cultural landscape?

a) The highway sign is part of a countrywide educational program for language learning.

b) The highway sign alerts drivers as they near an international border crossing station.

c) The highway sign symbolizes strong political differences within regions of the country.

d) The highway sign is a marketing effort of the state's travel and tourism office.

e) The highway sign is a representation of the state's multilingual ethnic cultural heritage.

Which of the following best explains the use of two languages in this United States highway sign?

a) Assimilation

b) Expansion diffusion

c) Hierarchical diffusion

d) Relocation diffusion

e) Agglomeration

Which of the following processes describes how missionary activities change the geographies of universalizing religions outside of their founding hearths?

a) stimulus diffusion

b) hierarchical diffusion

c) relocation diffusion

d) independent invention

e) distance decay

A popular American hamburger chain successfully entered the fast-food market in India by altering the menu to include vegetarian burgers instead of hamburgers made with beef. This example can best be described as

a) Through the process of migration, people from Texas and New York brought their cultures to Alaska.

b) Through the process of population growth, small villages in Alaska are rapidly expanding and becoming multicultural urban areas.

c) Through the process of uniculturalism, multiple types of foods are blended together into one cuisine.

d) Through the process of ethnocentrism, American culture has spread throughout the world.

e) Through the process of diffusion, ethnic cuisines may change the cultural landscape in locations far from their hearths.

The image shown was taken in Ketchikan, Alaska. Which of the following best explains the process illustrated by the image?

a) Relocation diffusion

b) Contagious diffusion

c) Hierarchical diffusion

d) Reverse hierarchical diffusion

e) Expansion diffusion

Tikka masala is an Indian-style food that has gained popularity in the United Kingdom, despite being less common in India. Which of the following processes led to the spread of this food?

a) The French language originated in west-central Africa and diffused to Europe.

b) Muslims brought the French language into Africa from France.

c) Slaves freed from France in the late 1800s relocated to the region that is now Niger and the Central African Republic.

d) France acquired several countries in Africa as a result of decisions made during the Berlin Conference of 1884.

e) French diffused hierarchically into the largest cities of Africa after the Second World War.

Many people living in west and central African countries such as Niger, Chad, and the Central African Republic speak French. Which of the following best explains this pattern?

a) As Muslim merchants traveled to Africa, they needed to communicate with people living along the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean in order to trade, and a lingua franca developed.

b) German colonizers needed a language that would unite all the people in their colonies.

c) Traders from around the world used the countries of coastal Africa to spread not just goods, but also various languages.

d) British colonizers found Swahili easy to use and encouraged its use in Africa and in Great Britain.

e) As religious teachers spread Islam through Africa, many people adopted words from the Quran into the local languages, creating a new lingua franca.

The Arabic word sawahili means “a language of the coast.” Which of the following explains how this would relate to the Swahili language spoken today in Kenya, Tanzania, and northern Mozambique in eastern Africa?

a) Ethiopia is part of a regional Islamic majority.

b) In the fourth century, kings of Ethiopia mandated that the Christian religion be followed.

c) Protestant Christianity is the fastest-growing religion in Ethiopia.

d) Ethiopia is too far from Rome for the Roman Catholic Church to be dominant.

e) Ethiopia resisted the Islamic expansion in northern Africa.

Orthodox Christianity was established in Ethiopia during the fourth century after diffusing up the Nile River valley from the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt. Islam expanded into North Africa and East Africa during the seventh century. Today Ethiopia’s population is 43% Orthodox Christian and 33% Muslim. Which statement best explains the composition of religious groups of Ethiopia?

a) The immigrant group will aggressively maintain their native language and prevent it from changing in order to preserve their culture.

b) The immigrant group will quickly abandon their language and adopt the new language in order to achieve economic success.

c)The two groups will immediately create a pidgin, or trade language, in order to communicate.

d)The languages of the two groups will converge and blend into one new language.

e)The immigrant group will learn and use the new language, and immigrant words will enter the language of the majority population.

When an immigrant group moves into a new location inhabited by a larger dominant culture with a different language, which of the following is the most likely outcome?

a) Relocation and stimulus

b) Stimulus and hierarchical

c) Hierarchical and relocation

d) Contagious and relocation

e) Hierarchical and contagious

A fashion trend was started when an actor appeared on a television show wearing a shirt and tie of the same color. Within weeks, people began to follow this trend in both large cities and small towns across the United States. Which pair of diffusion types explains the spread of the fashion trend in this example?

a) Cultural convergence

b) Space-time compression

c) Syncretism

d) Cultural divergence

e) Creolization

Which of the following concepts best explains the driving forces of contemporary cultural diffusion?

a) Islamic architectural styles spread by expansion and relocation diffusion, resulting in mosque architecture that has some design commonalities and some elements of local culture.

b) Islamic architecture is highly localized and determined by the influences of local art and architecture.

c) Islamic architecture worldwide is uniform and unaffected by local cultural and architectural influences.

d) Islamic architectural styles spread through hierarchical diffusion, resulting in new architectural styles used in large cities which later diffuse to medium- and smaller-sized cities.

e) Islamic architectural styles spread through contagious diffusion, resulting in mosques in adjacent areas have the similar architectural features.

Across the Islamic world, despite different cultures and architectural styles, common features can be seen in mosque architecture. Which of the following explains the diffusion of Islamic architecture worldwide?

a) Sponsored refugees brought to a city far from their point of entry

b) New immigrants relying on friends and family for chain migration

c) Ethnic groups living in segregated enclaves

d) The division of land based on traditional land survey systems

e) Historical preservation of religious structures

Which of the following can be used to explain why an immigrant community that attempts to assimilate into local society would engage in political protest against the government?

a) The region has a large population where many people identify as secular.

b) The region has a small population where many people follow an ethnic religious tradition.

c) The region's government is actively suppressing religious expression.

d) The region's government has declared an official religion.

e) The region has a large population where many people already follow another universalizing religion.

Which of the following best explains why a universalizing religion would diffuse into a region?

a) Assimilation

b) Convergence

c) Appropriation

d) Diffusion

e) Syncretism

Sikhism grew out of a blend of Hindu and Islamic religious principles, a process best explained by which term?

Yipee

​All done

Answers

1D
2A
3C
4D
5A
6B
7E

8E
9E
10E
11B
12A
13E
14A

15D
16A
17E
18E
19E
20B
21A

22C
23E
24E