Science PMA 2 Review

Quarter 2

Science PMA Review

Types of
Waves

Need a medium

Sound waves, Water
waves, Seismic Waves

Mechanical Waves

Does not need a medium

Can move through space

Light waves, Radio waves,
Microwaves

Electromagnetic
Waves

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true for sound waves?

• They require a medium.

• They are unrelated to vibrations.

• They cannot travel through liquids

• They can travel in a vacuum

Multiple Choice

How do electromagnetic and mechanical waves compare?

• Mechanical waves can only travel through a vacuum, but electromagnetic waves can travel through a solid, liquid, or gas.

• Mechanical waves can travel through a solid, liquid, or gas, but electromagnetic waves can only travel through a gas.

• Mechanical waves can only travel through a solid, liquid, or gas, but electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum.

• Mechanical waves can travel through a solid, liquid, or gas, but electromagnetic waves can only travel through a solid.

Multiple Choice

A student asks a series of questions about a wave. The answer to which question will allow the student to determine whether the wave is electromagnetic or mechanical?

• Does it require a medium in order to travel?

• Can it pass through air and water?

• Does it have a measurable speed?

• Does it have a measurable frequency?

Sound vs Light Waves

Sound Waves:

●Move like a longitudinal wave

● Is a Mechanical waves because
sound needs a medium

●Cannot travel in space

●Moves fastest in solid

●Move slowest in gas

Light Waves:

●Move like a transverse wave

●Is a Electromagnetic waves because it does NOT need a medium

●Moves fastest in space & gas

●Move slowest in solid

Multiple Choice

The bending of a wave as it travels from one medium to another and as a result changes speed is called

• reflection
• refraction
• diffraction
• interference

Multiple Choice

Sound will usually travel the fastest in a ____________.

• vacuum
• solid
• liquid
• gas

Multiple Choice

When a wave moves parallel to the direction that the wave travels, it is a

• longitudinal
• transverse

Multiple Choice

How does light travel?

• longitudinal wave
• transverse wave

Multiple Choice

Which travels faster: sound or light?

• light
• sound

Multiple Choice

Where is a place a person would hear no sound?

• in a cave
• in a forest
• in space
• in water

Multiple Choice

Sound is able to travel faster in solids than in air because the molecules in a solid are

• closer together than air molecules
• more easily moved than air molecules
• moving faster than air moleculesmoving faster than air molecules
• larger than air molecules

Wavelength & Frequency Relationship


As the wavelength increases, the frequency and the energy decrease. 

As the wavelength decreases, the frequency and the energy increase.

The
ElectromagneticSpectrum

The visible light
spectrum is the
only one we can
see!

The energy and
frequency
increase from
Radio to Gamma!

Multiple Choice

In the electromagnetic spectrum, which of the following is true of waves with long wavelengths?

• They have high frequencies

• They have low frequencies

• They have moderate frequencies

• They have inconsistent frequencies

Multiple Choice

Sunscreen bottles often include the phrase: “Protects against UVA and UVB waves.” This refers to ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun. Which of the following is true of ultraviolet radiation?

• Ultraviolet radiation has shorter wavelengths than x-rays, therefore it is more dangerous than xrays.

• Ultraviolet radiation has longer wavelengths than infrared light, therefore it is more dangerous than infrared light.

• Ultraviolet radiation has shorter wavelengths than visible light, therefore it is more dangerous than visible light.

• Ultraviolet radiation has longer wavelengths than gamma radiation, therefore it is more dangerous than gamma radiation.

Multiple Choice

What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be seen by humans?

• Visible Light

• Microwaves

• Ultraviolet Waves

• Infrared Waves

Multiple Choice

Which has a higher frequency?

• Wave N

• Wave O

• Same frequency

• There is no frequency

Multiple Choice

Our eyes detect light that lies only within a small region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This region is called visible light. Which of these statements describes the visible spectrum of light as seen by the human eye?

• The lowest frequency appears red, and the highest frequency appears violet.

• The lowest frequency appears green, and the highest frequency appears red.

• The lowest frequency appears blue, and the highest frequency appears orange.

• The lowest frequency appears yellow, and the highest frequency appears green.

Multiple Choice

How does the hazard level of electromagnetic waves change as the frequency of the waves increases?

• Energy and wavelength increase; it becomes more hazardous.

• Energy and wavelength decrease; becomes less hazardous.

• Energy decreases, wavelength increases; it becomes less hazardous.

• Energy increases, wavelength decreases; it becomes more hazardous.

W

E

D

Erosion

Deposition

Breaking down of rock into sediment by physical, chemical or biological processes.

Movement of sediment
by wind, water ice or gravity.

Sediment is dropped in another location creating a new landform.

Weathering

Multiple Choice

What is a physical process that breaks rocks without changing the make up of the rock?

• chemical weathering
• mechanical weathering
• erosion
• deposition

Multiple Choice

Deltas forming at the mouths of rivers

• Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition

Multiple Choice

Rain washing away soil from a hillside

• Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition

Multiple Choice

What causes the greatest erosion effect on our beaches?

• Waves
• Gravity
• Glaciers
• Wind

Multiple Choice

Over long periods of time, deposition may change the Earth’s surface by _____.

• forming new land features.
• breaking down large rocks into smaller ones.
• washing away beaches.
• moving topsoil.

Multiple Choice

What formation results when a river deposits sediment and it slows down as it enters a large body of water?

• dune

• floodplain

• delta

• bay

Convergent Boundary

Divergent Boundary

The tectonic plates move

TOWARD each other.

The tectonic plates move AWAY from each other.

The tectonic plates move

PAST each other.

Transform Boundary

Metamorphic Rock

Forms when rock is exposed to high levels of heat and pressure due to being pushed under Earth at
convergent boundaries at subduction zones.

Igneous Rock

Forms when lava or magma cools.
Can be found on the ocean basin at divergent
boundaries and volcanoes.

Sedimentary Rock

Forms when sediments are compacted together.
Rocks can contain layers, fossils and small rocks.

Multiple Choice

The type of plate boundary where two plates come together is a .....

• Convergent Boundary
• Divergent Boundary
• Transform Boundary
• Plate Boundary

Multiple Choice

Which of the following causes Earth's tectonic plates to move?

• Energy from the Sun
• Magnetic Pole Reversal
• Convection currents in the mantle
• Faults in Mountain Ranges

Multiple Choice

This layer of Earth is solid Iron and Nickel

• Outer Core
• Mantle
• Inner Core
• Crust

Multiple Choice

The Great Rift Valley in Africa and the Mid-Ocean Ridge were all created by this boundary

• Divergent
• Convergent
• Reform
• Transform

Multiple Choice

Which type of rock results from melting and cooling of magma?

• Igneous
• Metamorphic
• Sedimentary
• Extrusive

Multiple Choice

The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...

• heat and pressure
• compaction and cementation
• melting and cooling

Multiple Choice

Which events are most common along tectonic plate boundaries?

• earthquakes and erosion

• hurricanes and tsunamis

• earthquakes and volcanoes

• tidal waves and volcanoes

Earth’s Spheres

Multiple Choice

The _______ includes gases like nitrogen and oxygen, as well as dust, rain, and cloud droplets.  

• Geosphere
• Biosphere
• Atmosphere 
• Cryosphere

Multiple Choice

 One example of how the hydrosphere interacts with the ____________ is when waves hit rocks. 

•  Atmosphere
•  Geosphere
• Biosphere
• Hydrosphere

Multiple Choice

Which sphere of the Earth's systems that includes snowfields, ice caps, and frozen ground?  

• Geosphere
•  Atmosphere
•  Hydrosphere 
• Cryosphere

Water Cycle

Evaporation: Liquid to a gas.

Condensation: Gas to a liquid.

Precipitation: Rain, hail, sleet and
snow.

Transpiration: Evaporation from a
plant.

Percolation/Infiltration: Water moving into soil.

The sun powers
the water cycle!

The atmosphere protects the Earth &

keeps it warm! The troposphere is
where we live and weather occurs.

Multiple Choice

When water falls from clouds in liquid or solid form

• precipitation

• condensation

• accumulation

• evaporation

Multiple Choice

Warm water heats up to form water vapor in what process

• evaporation

• condensation

• run off

Multiple Choice

What is evaporation?

• Water freezes.

• Water vapor meets cold air and changes back into liquid.

• Water gets warm and changes from liquid water to water vapor.

•  Plants take in water from the soil.

Multiple Choice

What is the correct term for plants releasing water from their leaves, which then evaporates?

• transpiration

• precipitation

• condensation

• evaporation

Multiple Choice

The atmosphere protects the Earth from...

• Earthquakes
• Comets and Meteors
•  Tsunamis
• Faults

Multiple Choice

The atmosphere keeps the Earth...

• Warm enough for life
• Too Cold for Life
• Spinning
• Orbiting the sun

Multiple Choice

We live in the __________________layer, a level of the atmosphere.

• Troposphere
• Stratosphere
• Mesosphere
• Exosphere

Multiple Choice

The _______________________________ is responsible for the weather, rain, or snow

• Exosphere
• Thermosphere
• Magnetosphere
• Troposphere

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the ozone layer?

• to allow UV rays to get to Earth
• to block UV rays from getting to Earth
• To keep oxygen in
• to allow meteors to get to Earth

Multiple Choice

What happens to the density (thickness)/ air pressure of the air as you increase in altitude?

• density increases
• density decreases
• density stays the same
• density disappears

Weather &

Climate Factors:

●Location near Equator or poles:

-Warmer near the Equator and Colder near the poles.

●Location near ocean/water or inland:

-More rain near the ocean and less temperature variation or changes.

●Location high in the mountains:

- Colder temperature & more rain

What moves weather around the globe?

The jet stream is a fast moving stream of air that move weather and warm/cold air masses around the globe.

How does wind form?

The warm air forms over

land due to radiation

from the sun.

The land heats faster than the water.

A sea-breeze can move
clouds and rain over the land.

Heat Transfer

Heat flows from Higher Temperatures (HOT) to

Lower Temperature (COLD).

Multiple Choice

What is weather?

• average weather over a long period of time

• average precipitation at a certain time and place

• average temperature at a certain time and place

• what's happening in our atmosphere at a certain time and place

Multiple Choice

The difference between weather and climate is:

• weather is based on temperature and precipitations and climate conditions including air masses.
• weather is used to predict climate with 100% accuracy
• weather is a long term effect and climate changes from day to day
• weather is the daily conditions of the atmosphere and climate is the average of those conditions

Multiple Choice

Which narrow belts of high speed winds control the movement of storms?

• jet streams
• warm fronts
• tornadoes
• hurricanes

Multiple Choice

Which term best describes how the earth's atmosphere is heated?

• Spirally
• Unevenly
• Circularly
• Kinetically

Multiple Choice

Heat transfers from an area of ____temperature to an area of ___ temperature.

• high to low
• low to high
• high to high

Multiple Choice

What causes warm air to rise?

• it's less dense than cold air

• it weighs more than cold air

• it has higher pressure than cold air

• it's more dense than cold air

Multiple Choice

What causes wind to blow?

• Differences in longitude 
• Shock waves from clouds 
• Differences in air temperature and pressure 
• The rotation of the earth

Multiple Choice

Which statement correctly defines wind?

• Wind is the movement of air from areas of low pressure to areas of high pressure
• Wind is the movement of air to a colder area in the atmosphere.
• Wind is the movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
• Wind is the movement of air pushed around and bouncing off Earth's surface.

Multiple Choice

Is this a land breeze or a sea breeze?

• land breeze

• sea breeze

Infectious
Diseases

Food poisoning
Pneumonia
Strep thoat

Bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

Protist

Flu
Covid-19
Common Cold

Ringworm
Athletes Foot
Candidias

Malaria
Giardia
toxoplasmosis

Multiple Choice

Carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body.

• Integumentary

• Nervous

• Circulatory

• Respiratory

Multiple Choice

Receives stimuli and transports impulses, coordinates actions and reactions in the body

• Integumentary

• Nervous

• Circulatory

• Respiratory

Multiple Choice

Supports and provides structure for the body

• Skeletal

• Muscular

• Circulatory

• Respiratory

Multiple Choice

Skin is what line of defense in the immune system?

• First

• Second

• Third

• Seventh

Multiple Choice

Breaks down food into tiny molecules to allow the body to

absorb nutrients

• Skeletal System

• Circulatory System

• Respiratory System

• Muscular System

• Digestive System

Multiple Choice

Which 2 body systems work together to

produce and transport blood cells?

• Circulatory and muscular

• Digestive and Excretory

• Skeletal and integumentary

• Skeletal and circulatory

Multiple Choice

Which of these is not a physical barrier of your body to disease?

• skin

• mucous membranes

• chemicals

• hair

Multiple Choice

Bacteria are ________ -celled organisms

• two

• multi

• one

Multiple Choice

Colds and the Flu are what type of pathogen?

• Virus

• Fungi

• Protist

• Bacteria

Multiple Choice

A protist that causes an infection of the blood is called ______________

• athletes foot

• ringworm

• malaria