DCCA #3

Multiple Choice

Hermit crabs live inside shells produced by other organisms. Sea anemones often attach to the top of a hermit crab's shell. When the crab moves, the shell and anemone are carried along. Most predators of hermit crabs avoid sea anemones. Which symbiotic relationship best describes the hermit crab and sea anemone?

• parasitism

• commensalism

• mutualism

• competition

Multiple Choice

Interactions between species that have NO effect on one participant are rare and examples include –

• commensalism

• mutualism

• predation

• competition

Levels of Organzation

Natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. 

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​Food Web

​What happens when an organism is removed from the food web?

A pyramid of biomass is a graphical portrayal of biomass present in a unit of the territory of different trophic levels. It represents the amount of energy, organisms, mass at each level.

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​Pyramid of Biomass

Multiple Choice

Which statement provides the best explanation for the difference in biomass of organisms found at each trophic level?

• Organisms at lower trophic levels provide

  less energy than organisms at higher

  trophic levels.

• Organisms at lower trophic levels

  outcompete organisms at higher trophic

  levels.

• Organisms at higher trophic levels require

  smaller habitats than organisms at lower

  trophic levels.

• Organisms at higher trophic levels have

  less energy available to them than

  organisms at lower trophic levels.

Multiple Choice

The populations of which organisms will most likely

increase as a result of a disease that suddenly reduced

the population of Texas horned lizards?

• Grasshoppers and Texas cottonmouths

• Grasses and ants

• Texas cottonmouths and red-shouldered

  hawks

• Ants and grasshoppers

Multiple Choice

Each labeled area of this diagram represents organisms in a taxonomic level. In this diagram, level A represents marine mammals. The area of the diagram labeled B most likely represents which of the following taxonomic levels?

• mammals

• invertebrates

• fish

• primates

Multiple Choice

Wolves are affecting local ranchers who then seek to

hunt and eradicate the wolves in the area. What will

most likely happen to the ecosystem if the wolves are

completely removed?

• The ecosystem will become more stable

  because another predator will now be

  favored by these conditions.

• The ecosystem will become less stable

  because there are fewer predators.

• The ecosystem will become less stable

  because in the immediate future the

  wolves' prey will overpopulate.

• The ecosystem will become more stable

  because there are fewer predators.

Multiple Choice

A student is observing a local woodland area. The

notes taken by the student are about the rabbits, field

mice, owls, and insects encountered. What level of

biological organization is the student describing?

• Community

• Ecosystem

• Organism

• Population

Multiple Choice

As the tree canopy in a rainforest thickens, how does

this affect the organisms living in the ecosystem?

• All organisms other than the trees suffer.

• Plants on the rainforest floor receive less

  light.

• Plants on the rainforst floor receive more

  light.

• All organisms flourish, as does the tree

  canopy.

Multiple Choice

In what order are the levels in the diagrams?

• Organism--community--population

• Organism--population--community

• Population--community--ecosystem

• Ecosystem--population--community

How organisms are organized and classified

​​Taxonomy

​Genus, Species

Genus is capitalized and species is lower case.
Name is either italicized or underlined

​​Scientific Name

Always start with #1

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Dichotomous Key

Multiple Choice

The Brown Bear, black bear, and sun bear

are all different species of bears.

Why is having a scientific name for each species of an

organism important?

• To prevent existing named organisms from

  having their names changed as they

  become extinct

• To keep the classification system from

  being altered as new organisms are

  discovered

• To allow organisms to be placed in many

  classification levels at the same time

• To standardize the naming and

  organization of organisms to avoid

  confusion

Multiple Choice

Based on this cladogram, which statement best describes relationships among millipede orders?

• Merocheta is more closely related to Glomeridesmida than Glomerida is to Glomeridesmida.

• Polyzoniida is more closely related to Glomeridesmida than Sphaerotheriida is to Glomeridesmida.

• Stemmiulida is more closely related to Merocheta than Penicillata is to Merocheta.

• Spirostreptida is more closely related to Glomerida than Sphaerotheriida is to Glomerida.

Multiple Select

Which of the following correctly states how to write the
scientific name of an organism? (Select 2)

• The genus and the species name are both
  italicized, with the genus name coming
  first.

• The species name comes first, followed by
  the genus.

•  The first letter of both the genus name
  and the species name are capitalized.

• The first letter of the species name is
  always capitalized.

•  The first letter of the genus name is
  always capitalized.

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Body Systems

Multiple Choice

Which of these best identifies the system that interrelates all of the other systems in maintaining homeostasis?

• Skeletal System

• Respiratory

• Digestive System

• Nervous System

Multiple Choice

A gardener removes all the pine cones from a tree.

This will interfere with the function of which system of

the tree?

• root

• reproductive

• vascular

• shoot

Multiple Choice

Which systems work together to provide protection for

the body with the systems shown in the diagram

above?

• integumentary, excretory, and muscular

  systems

• circulatory, skeletal, and digestive systems

• muscular, immune, and nervous systems

• circulatory, immune, and integumentary

  systems

Multiple Choice

The trunk of a tree carries out functions that are

similar to the functions performed by which pair of

human body systems?

• muscular and nervous systems

• excretory and digestive systems

• skeletal and circulatory systems

• respiratory and endocrine systems

Multiple Choice

Based on the information provided, which two species

are most closely related?

• Northern leopard frog and bullfrog

• Northern leopard frog and green treefrog

• Northern cricket frog and green treefrog

• Northern cricket frog and bullfrog

Biomolecules

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule do living organisms use as energy

storage?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• protein

• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a lipid?

• steroid

• cholesterol

• wax

• cellulose

Multiple Choice

Based on the dichotomous key, in addition to the shape of the bat's ears, which other set of features should the students look for to confirm the identity of the bat?

• Solitary with a wingspan greater than 35

  cm

• Solitary with a wingspan less than 35 cm

• Colonial with a wingspan greater than 35

  cm

• Colonial with a wingspan less than 35 cm

Cause random variation

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Mutations

Multiple Choice

The driving force behind variation that makes evolution possible is -

• mutation

• classification

• genetic engineering

• stability

Multiple Choice

According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, which of the following is true?

• The environment will determine the

  favorable traits that will be passed on to

  the offspring.

• Traits that lead to evolution are aquired

  during the lifetime of the organism and

  passed on to their offspring.

• Most animals can easily adjust to a

  changing environment.

• Variation does not exist between members

  of the same species.

Multiple Choice

The Indian leaf butterfly has traits that allow it to

resemble a leaf. The bright colors of the monarch

butterfly indicate that the butterfly tastes bad and can

be poisonous.

How does the appearance of these butterflies help

them to survive?

• The Indian leaf butterfly is able to avoid

  predators while the monarch butterfly

  warns predators away.

• The Indian leaf butterfly frightens

  predators away while the monarch

  butterfly poisons predators before they

  can eat it.

• Both butterflies rely on camouflage to

  avoid predation.

• Both butterflies cooperate with one

  another to avoid predation.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the possible result of natural selection?

• changes in the acquired characteristics of a species

• unfavorable changes in a population

• immediate changes in an individual in a population

• changes in the inherited characteristics of a population

​Protists are unicellular microorganisms that have nuclei.
They are found in wide range of environments where some can eat bacteria to survive.

Protista

​Microorganisms affect our climate, determine how food spoils, and both cause and control diseases

Bacteria

​

• Their cells have nuclei, and many fungi are multicellular.

​​Fungi

Multiple Choice

Deer eat leaves and shrubs, which contain the

carbohydrate cellulose. Because mammals lack the

digestive enzymes needed to break down cellulose,

bacteria living in the intestinal tract of a deer digest

the cellulose. If the bacteria in a deer's intestinal tract

were killed off, the most likely result is that the deer

would –

• digest the cellulose more slowly

• eat other plant food lower in cellulose

• die of diseases caused by other bacteria

• become malnourished and die

Multiple Choice

Scientists designed the experiment shown above in

which they treated four experimental fields

differently. The vetch, peas, and grass were plowed

under after their growing seasons. All four fields

were planted with corn the next year. The table

shows the amount of corn produced per hectare of

land for each of the experimental fields. Which of

the following statements best explains the

scientists' results?

• The rye grass provided more nutrients

  than the legumes.

• The legumes added nutrients to the air,

  which the corn took in.

• The legumes added nutrients to the soil,

  which the corn took in.

• The field that was left bare had a year to

  build up nutrients.

Multiple Choice

A certain type of toad resembles tree bark with its

brown color and rough skin. A certain type of frog, has

a bright yellow-green color with red toes and smooth

skin. How does the appearance of each organism most

likely help them survive?

• Both appearances act as camouflage.

• Both appearances scare off predators.

• The toad's appearance is to avoid

  detection, while the frog's appearance is to

  scare off predators.

• The toad's appearance is to scare off

  predators, while the frog's appearance is

  to avoid detection.

Multiple Choice

H. pylori bacteria are known to cause stomach ulcers,

which are sores in the lining of the stomach. The sores

are vulnerable to damage by stomach acids. A doctor

may treat ulcers by prescribing an antibiotic, such as

amoxicillin, which will –

• neutralize stomach acids

• stop the formation of stomach acids

• kill the H. pylori bacteria

• cover sores in the stomach lining

Nitrogen has to be fixed by bacteria in order to be used.

​Understand how Carbon and Nitrogen are cycled through the environment.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following choices contains two ways in

which carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere?

• erosion and transpiration

• decomposition and respiration

• volcanic activity and photosynthesis

• human activity and formation of fossil

  fuels

Multiple Choice

As part of the nitrogen cycle, animals acquire some

amino acids by doing which of the following?

• Breathing air

• Eating plants

• Drinking water

• Producing waste

Passive Transport- moves molecules from High to Low concentrations

Active Transport - requires ATP. Moves molecules from Low to High concentrations.

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Cellular Transport

Multiple Choice

Based on the diagram, which statement correctly

describes how component W and component X

transport molecules across the cell membrane?

• Component W carries out active transport

  and component X carries out passive

  transport.

• Component W carries out passive

  transport and component X carries out

  active transport.

• Both component W and component X carry

  out active transport.

• Both component W and component X carry

  out passive transport.

Multiple Choice

What evidence supports the answer to Part A?

• Component W uses energy to move

  molecules from an area of high

  concentration to an area of low

  concentration, and component X uses

  energy to move molecules from an area of

  low concentration to an area of high

  concentration.

• Component W does not use energy to

  move molecules from an area of low

  concentration to an area of high

  concentration, while component X uses

  energy to move molecules from an area of

  high concentration to an area of low

  concentration.

• Component W does not use energy to

  move molecules from an area of high

  concentration to an area of low

  concentration, and component X does not

  use energy to move molecules from an

  area of low concentration to an area of

  high concentration.

• Component W uses energy to move

  molecules from an area of low

  concentration to an area of high

  concentration, while component X does

  not use energy to move molecules from an

  area of high concentration to an area of

  low concentration.

Multiple Choice

Leaves of plants commonly found in a grassland biome

grow up from horizontal underground stems rather

than from vertical above ground stems. Why would this

be an advantage?

• The plant can rapidly grow new leaves

  after being eaten.

• The plant can survive in soil that provides

  no nutrients.

• The plant requires more moisture than

  other plants in the biome.

• The plant needs less sunlight than other

  similar plants.

Gradual Changes over time.
Begins with Bare rock, or a melted glacier
Pioneer Species like Lichens come to help break down rock and turn it into soil

Primary Succession

Gradual changes that occur occur after a disturbance such as fire, flood, volcanic eruption.
Soil is present. Restoring to a Climax Community does not take as long.

Secondary Succession

Multiple Choice

Sand dunes along the coast are formed of bare sand. Eventually, grasses take root on the dunes. Over time, larger plants such as shrubs and trees are able to grow at the edge of the sand dune ecosystem.

The gradual change in plant communities of a sand dune ecosystem can result in -

• reduced symbiotic relationships between producers and bacteria

• reduced energy absorption by consumers

• greater erosion rates

• greater species diversity

Multiple Choice

After a wheat field is cleared, wild grasses and weeds begin growing This process is considered -

• primary succession because pioneer species appear

• primary succession because there are no large trees

• secondary succession because soil is already present

• secondary succession because the field contains inorganic matter

Multiple Choice

During secondary succession, which of these best describes why decomposing pioneer plants give way to larger, more complex plants species, such as hardwood trees?

• Increased amounts of sunlight are able to reach the ground while the pioneer species are decomposing.

• Increased soil temperatures from decomposing pioneer species help tree seeds germinate more quickly.

• Increased amounts of decomposing pioneer species remove nutrients that tree seedlings need to grow and mature.

• Increased amounts of soil from decomposing pioneer species allow plants with more extensive root systems to become established.

Multiple Choice

A forest fire in California destroys almost fifty acres of

forest. For scientists working in the forest in the years

after the fire, which will they be observing?

• primary succession

• secondary succession

• post succession

• disturbance succession