5th Grade Science 2nd 9 weeks Study Guide

Atomic Structure:

• Protons: Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

• Neutrons: Neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

• Electrons: Negatively charged particles found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

Understanding Atoms

• Atoms are the building blocks of matter

• They are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons

• Protons have a positive charge (+)

• Neutrons have no charge (neutral)

• Electrons have a negative charge (-)

• Atoms are held together by electromagnetic forces

Multiple Choice

What are atoms made up of?

• Protons and neutrons

• Protons, neutrons, and electrons

• Electrons and neutrons

• Protons and electrons

Negatively Charged Particles

Electrons: The negatively charged particles found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus are called electrons. They are much smaller and lighter than protons and neutrons. Electrons play a crucial role in chemical reactions and the formation of chemical bonds. They are also responsible for the flow of electric current in conductors.

Multiple Choice

What are the negatively charged particles found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus?

• Protons

• Neutrons

• Electrons

• Photons

Newton's Laws of Motion

• First Law: An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
• Second Law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
• Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Multiple Choice

A rocket pushes burning gases DOWN which causes the rocket to launch UP. Which law is this?

• 1st Law: Law of Inertia

• 2nd Law: Law of Acceleration

• 3rd Law: Law of Action- Reaction

Multiple Choice

An object in motion stays in motion and an object at rest stays at rest UNLESS

• acted on by a balanced force.

• acted on by an unbalanced force.

Multiple Choice

What is the formula for the 2nd law of motion?

• a=lw

• F=m/a

• F=ma

Multiple Choice

Which law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?

• First Law

• Second Law

• Third Law

• Fourth Law

Multiple Choice

What is a PUSH or PULL of an object?

• Motion
• Force
• Friction
• Gravity

Multiple Choice

Henry and Michael are participating in a tug of war competition. If both of them are pulling with the same amount of force, what will happen?

• Henry will win.

• They will not move at all.

• Michael will win.

• Both will fall down.

Multiple Choice

When a heavy football player and a light one run into each other, who exerts more force?

• The heavy one
• The light one
• They are equal
• There is no such thing as force 

Multiple Choice

If Eric pushes his car and Steve pushes his lawnmower with an equal amount of force, which object will accelerate more?

• Eric's car because it has more mass

• Steve's lawnmower because it has less mass

• Eric's car because it has less mass

• Steve's lawnmower because it has more mass

Space Rocks

• Asteroids are large space rocks. They are locate in the Asteroid Belt between Mars andJupiter

• Comets are small icy objects that orbit the sun. Comets are located in the Kuiper Belt or Oort Cloud. They have a tail because the light from the Sun reflects off of the vaporized gas particles from the ice melting.

• Meteors are small space rocks and dust.

• Meteoroids are called "shooting stars because they burn up when they enter Earth's atmosphere.

Multiple Select

What are comets MAINLY made out of - Select ALL that apply

• Metal

• Dust

• Ice

• Reindeer

Multiple Choice

Where are comets found?

• The Asteroid Belt

• Between The Sun and Earth

• Between Mars and Jupiter

• Kuiper Belt/Ort Cloud

Multiple Choice

Is made of dust and rock and burns up in Earth's atmosphere

• Comet

• Meteor

• Asteroid

Multiple Choice

Most of them are located between Mars and Jupiter

• Comet

• Meteor

• Asteroid

Multiple Choice

Made up of rock similar to the rock that formed the planets

• Comet

• Meteor

• Asteroid

Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Models

• Geocentric model: was a model where ancient astronomers believed that Earth was as the center of the solar system. They believed that everything including stars, planets and the sun revolved around Earth.

• Heliocentric model: after astronomers learned more about the solar system they developed another model called the heliocentric model. This model placed the sun at the center of the solar system not Earth. Therefore everything revolved around the sun including planets, and moons.

  
  

Aristotle

He thought Earth was the center of the universe and that the Sun, Moon, planets, and all the fixed stars revolved around it. Aristotle's ideas were widely accepted by the Greeks of his time.

Multiple Choice

He thought Earth was the center of the universe and that the Sun, Moon, planets, and all the fixed stars revolved around it. His ideas were widely accepted by the Greeks of his time. Who was he?

• Ptolemy

• Copernicus

• Aristotle

• Galileo

Ptolemy

• He believed in an Earth-centered, or "geocentric" model. Ptolemy thought that all celestial objects — including the planets, Sun, Moon, and stars — orbited Earth. He believed Earth, was the center of the universe, did not move at all.

Copernicus

• Copernican system, in astronomy, model of the solar system centered on the Sun, with Earth and other planets moving around it, formulated by Nicolaus Copernicus, and published in 1543. It correctly described the Sun as having a central position relative to Earth and other planets.

Multiple Choice

I formed the model which positioned the Sun near the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular paths. Who am I?

• Aristotle

• Copernicus

• Galileo

• Ptolemy

Galileo

Using his telescope, Galileo made many observations of our Solar System. He came to believe that the idea that the Sun and other planets orbited around the Earth was not correct. Galileo felt that an astronomer named Copernicus had a better idea. Copernicus believed the Earth and other planets moved around the Sun.

Moon Phases

• Just like the earth, the moon is rotating on it's own axis. As it it is rotating it revolves around the earth.

• The moon rotates on its axis at the same rate as it revolves around the earth. There for the moon has phases.

• The reason we see the different phases of the moon depends on how much of the light from the sun is reflected off of the moon due to the shadow of the earth.

Moon Phases

The part of the Moon that we see as we look from Earth changes in a cycle. Although the Moon appears to change during a Lunar Month (29.5 days), it is always the same shape. What does change is how much of the Moon we see from Earth, due to light and shadows. The changes in the Moon are called phases.

Multiple Choice

What causes the moon to have phases?

• Earth's Rotation and Revolving

• Sun's Rotation and Revolving

• Moon's Rotation and Revolving

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

One Moon's revolution takes

• 28 days

• 365 days

• 24 hours

• 60 seconds

Multiple Choice

Waxing means...

• getting larger

• getting smaller

Multiple Choice

Waning means...

• Getting bigger

• Getting smaller

The Earth, Sun, and Moon

The Earth takes 365 days to make one full revolution around the Sun. Revolution means to travel around an object. The Moon also revolves but it travels around the Earth. It takes about 28 days for the Moon to make one full revolution around the Earth. Rotation means to spin or turn. The Earth rotates on its axis and it takes 24 hours to make one full rotation.

Earth's Movement in Space

• Earth moves in two ways. It rotates and it orbits.

• Rotation: happens on Earth's axis or the invisible line that goes through the middle of Earth from the top to the bottom, or North and South Poles.

• Orbit/ Revolution : Earth revolves around the sun. While Earth is rotating on it's axis it causes it to want to move outward. Since the suns gravity is so great it holds the earth in its location and causes it to orbit around the sun.

Multiple Choice

Revolution means to

• fight a war for change

• means to travel around an object.

• run around

• fight a war for freedom

The Seasons

• We all know that Earth has seasons. They are Winter, Spring, Summer and Fall.

• The reason that we have seasons is because Earth tilts on its axis.

• This tilt causes different amounts of the sun's energy to hit us at different times of the year.

• When we are in Summer we are tilted toward the sun, so we get more of the suns energy and therefore we are warmer.

• In Winter we are tilted away from the sun so we get less of the suns energy and therefore we are cooler.

Solar Eclipse and Lunar Eclipse

• Solar: occurs when the moon passes directly between Earth and the sun, blocking the suns light. Only happens during daylight hours.

• Lunar: occurs during a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun. Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon. Only happens during a full moon and only at night.

Multiple Choice

When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, we have the season of:

• Summer

• Winter

The Sun:

• The center of our solar system

• Provides heat and light to Earth

• Composed mostly of hydrogen and helium

• Massive size and intense gravity

• Generates energy through nuclear fusion

• Has a strong gravitational pull on objects in the Solar System.

The Sun

The Sun is the center of our solar system. It is a massive ball of hot gas that provides heat and light to all the planets. Without the Sun, life on Earth would not be possible. The Sun is so big that it could fit more than a million Earths inside it. It is also a star, but it is the closest star to us. The Sun is constantly releasing energy in the form of light and heat, which is why it shines so brightly in the sky.

Multiple Choice

Why do planets orbit around the sun?

• Because the Gravitational Pull. and they are smaller than the sun

• Because they cold and want to be warm

• The planets don't actually orbit around the sun

• Planets are attracted to the radiation from the sun, but they will pull away without the radiation.

Multiple Choice

What is the center of our solar system?

• The Moon

• The Sun

• Mars

• Jupiter

Exploring Planets

• Mercury: The closest planet to the Sun, with extreme temperatures and no atmosphere.

• Venus: Known for its thick atmosphere and greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet.

• Earth: Our home planet, with a diverse ecosystem and the only known planet with life.

• Mars: The Red Planet, with evidence of past water and potential for future colonization.

• Jupiter: The largest planet, known for its colorful bands and iconic Great Red Spot.

• Saturn: Famous for its beautiful rings made of ice and rock particles.

• Uranus: A gas giant with a unique tilted axis, causing extreme seasons.

• Neptune: The farthest planet from the Sun, with strong winds and a deep blue color.

My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Nachos.

Multiple Choice

Which lists the planets in the correct order from the closest to the Sun?

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

• Mars, Venus, Earth, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn, Uranus

Multiple Select

Which terms describe the composition of the inner planets?

• rocky

• gaseous

• water

• solid

Multiple Choice

The outer planets are:

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

• Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn

• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

• Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus

Multiple Choice

_______ separates the inner and outer planets

• Comets

• Rings of Saturn

• Asteroid Belt

• Dwarf Planets

Multiple Choice

Which word describes the amount of moons found with the outer planets?

• few

• infinite

• some

• many