Earthquake Basics Review

What are earthquakes?

• Earthquakes are caused by plate movement

• The waves that carry energy in a earthquake are call seismic waves

Where do earthquakes happen?

• They happen at plate boundaries or faults

• Most earthquakes occur at convergent or transform boundaries

How do earthquakes happen?

• Tectonic plates move and release energy

• The focus is the place where the energy is released

• Epicenter - location on surface directly above the focus

• Energy travels as seismic waves out from the focus

How is an Epicenter Located?

• Seismic Waves help identify an epicenter

• Thousands of Seismographs all over the world record the effects of different waves

  • Comparing where the most energy is recoded helps to find which ares is closest to the epicenter

  • Data from at least 3 Seismographs are needed

• Graphs of P and S Waves can get even more specific

  • The closer P and S waves are on a graph, the closer that spot is to the epicenter ​

Grade 8 Ohio| Lesson 4.1

Seismographs

• Seismographs are located all over the world

• If the earthquake is really strong, seismograph stations all over the world can record the same earthquake

Focus

• The point where the earthquake occurs is called the FOCUS.

• It can be shallow or deep in the earth.

Epicenter

• The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the EPICENTER

• This is the place you usually hear about when there has been an earthquake.

Multiple Choice

Both P and S waves travel through solids.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which waves will reach a seismic station first?

• P waves

• S waves

• Both reach at the same time

Multiple Choice

Which body wave is pictured?

• P-Wave
• S-Wave
• Rayleigh Wave
• Love Wave

Multiple Choice

An instrument that detects and measures earthquakes is a 

• seismogram
• focus seismic map
• focus
• seismograph 

Multiple Choice

Which type of wave arrives first during an earthquake because it is the fastest?

• Primary (p-wave) waves

• Secondary (s-wave) waves

• Rayleigh Waves

• Love Waves

Multiple Choice

P Waves travel through...

• Solids
• Liquids
• Both

Multiple Choice

S Waves travel through...

• Soilds
• Liquids
• Both

Multiple Choice

Which Seismic Wave is pictured?

• P-Wave

• S-Wave

• Surface Wave

Multiple Choice

Which is the strength of an earthquake?

• Plate boundaries

• Magnitude

• Fault

• Seismic

Multiple Choice

The point beneath the Earth's surface where the earthquake begins.

• epicenter

• fault

• focus

• magnitude

Multiple Choice

Which is a fracture in Earth's crust?

• Plate boundaries

• Magnitude

• Fault

• Seismic

Multiple Choice

All plate boundaries are ____, but not all ____ happen at plate boundaries.

• boundaries/earthquakes

• faults/earthquakes

• epicenters/faults

• focus/earthquakes

Dropdown

What can an earthquake cause IF it happens in or near water?​ ​

Select answer

Multiple Choice

Where is the point at which the first movement occurs during an earthquake?

• Epicenter
• Focus
• Fault
• Plate

Multiple Choice

Which type of wave is the first to arrive after an earthquake occurs?

• P Wave
• Rayleigh Wave
• S Wave
• Shear Wave

Multiple Choice

What is an instrument that detects and records waves produced by earthquakes? (This piece of equipment can measure the magnitude of an earthquake.)

• Epicenter
• Fault
• Seismogram
• Seismograph

Multiple Choice

What is the measure of the amount of energy released in an earthquake?

• Earthquake
• Epicenter
• Magnitude
• Seismogram

Multiple Choice

Because of plates pushing hard against each other, usually _____ cause the strongest earthquakes

• Divergent

• Transform

• Convergent

• Celtic

Multiple Select

A seismic wave is simply a means of transferring energy from one spot to another within the earth through vibrations or shock waves. What are the two types of seismic waves?

• P-Waves

• Light Waves

• S-Waves

• T-Waves

• Radio Waves

Multiple Choice

What wave is recorded first? The p-wave or the s-wave?

• S-Wave

• P-wave

• Ocean Wave

Multiple Choice

p waves can travel through

• liquid and solid

• solid

• liquid

Multiple Choice

s waves can travel through

• solid and liquid

• liquid

• solid

Multiple Choice

P waves travel faster than S waves

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Look at the picture. What is the location called where all three circles intersect?

• focus
• earthquake
• epicenter
• seismograph

Multiple Choice

These waves move side to side and can only pass through solids.

• P-waves

• S-waves

Multiple Choice

These waves travel slowly. They are the most destructive.

• Seismic Waves

• Primary Waves

• Secondary Waves

• Surface Waves

Multiple Choice

A seismic wave that compresses and expands rock.  It is the fastest wave.  It arrives "on scene" first.

• Secondary Wave
• Aftershock
  
• Primary Wave
• Seismic Wave

Multiple Choice

Which type of wave is the most destructive wave?

• Primary Wave
• Secondary Wave

Multiple Choice

How do scientists find where earthquake begins?

• Scientists read seismographs from at least 3 different locations to find the epicenter of an earthquake.

• Scientists read news reports about earthquakes.

• Scientists read a seismograms.

Multiple Choice

Which scale measures the intensity of the ground movement?

• Mercalli Scale
• Richter Scale
• Seismogram Scale
• Bernoulli Scale

Multiple Choice

The epicenter of an earthquake is

• The point below the surface where rock begins to break and the first motion occurs
• The seismic station closest to the earthquake
• The place where the greatest damage occurs
• The point on the surface directly above the focus

Drag and Drop

Strongest Earthquakes happen at ​

Placeholder

boundaries

Weakest Earthquakes happen at ​

Placeholder

boundaries

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Convergent

Divergent

Transform