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PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

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PRESENT PARTICIPLE (-ING)

To replace a time clause. (when, while, after...)

For example: Looking (Instead of "While I was looking") through things in my drawer, I came across some old pictures.

To replace a clause of reason (because, as, since...)

For example: Feeling (instead of "Because I felt") extremely tired, I decided to rest under a tree.

To replace a relative clause in Active Voice.

For example: The girl talking (instead of "who is talking") to Jim is my sister.

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct option, use participle clauses.

________ my notes I realized I didn't write the date.

• While checking

• Checking

• I was checking

• Checking to

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct option, use participle clauses.

__________ she loved reading, Richard bought her a book.

• He knowing

• Because knowing

• He knew

• Knowing

PAST PARTICIPLE (-ED)

Instead of a subject + verb in the Passive Voice.

Shocked (Instead of "They were shocked") by the tragedy, they didn't know what to say.

To replace a Relative Clause in the passive voice.

Clothes made (instead of "which are made") in France and Italy are very elegant.

To replace a Conditional sentence in the Passive Voice.

Stored (instead of "If it's stored") in the fridge, the bottle of milk will stay fresh until tomorrow.

Multiple Choice

______ in this way, batteries will last for a week.

• Using

• If I use

• Used

• Used batteries

Multiple Choice

Coffee ________ in that café is really expensive.

• buying

• is bought

• which buy

• bought

PERFECT PARTICIPLES

It is used for an action that happened before another action in the past.

Active voice: Having + Past participle

Having finished studying, Ted went out. (Ted finished studying, then went out)

Passive voice: Having been + Past participle

Having been damaged in the accident, the car wouldn't start. (The car had been damaged in the accident and wouldn't start)

Multiple Choice

___________ dressed, he slowly went downstairs.

• Having got

• Having

• Got

• Having been got

Multiple Choice

___ for the final interview, the candidates were asked to prepare a short presentation.

• Having selected

• Selected

• Having been selected

• I have been selected

Extra Info about Participle Clauses.

+ To form the negative add NOT before the participles.

Not wanting to miss the bus, the ran to the bus stop.

If the participle has the same subject as the sentence, use the participle at the beginning of the sentence.

Crossing the road I was almost hit by a car.

If the subject of the participle is different from the subject of the verb the subject of the participle goes at the beginning of the sentence.

Weather permitting, we may drive to the beach

Multiple Choice

___ lunch, I sat in the garden with a drink.

• Making

• Made

• Having made

Multiple Choice

___ for the bus, she slipped on some ice and fell over.

• Running

• Run

• Having run

Multiple Choice

On ___ her former owner, the dog ran across the room to greet him.

• seeing

• seen

• having seen

Multiple Choice

___ in hospital for several weeks, she was delighted to be home.

• Being

• Been

• Having been

Multiple Choice

The building collapsed, ___ two people.

• injuring

• injured

• having injured

Multiple Choice

___ the paper, he saw the news about his hometown.

• Reading

• Read

• Having read

Multiple Choice

___ in India for two years, Kaleem could speak some Hindi.

• Living

• Lived

• Having lived

Multiple Choice

___ in prisons throughout her twenties, she wrote her first play about life behind bars.

• After working

• Worked

• Having been worked

Multiple Choice

___ through the woods, they found a bird with a broken wing.

• Walking

• Walked

• Having walked

Multiple Choice

___ for the final interview, the candidates were asked to prepare a short presentation.

• Selecting

• Selected

• Having been selected

Multiple Choice

The bomb exploded, ____________________ the building

• destroying

• destroyed

• having destroyed

Multiple Choice

____________________, he slowly went downstairs.

• Having got dressed

• Had getting dressed

• Had got dressing

Multiple Choice

____________________ she loved reading, Richard bought her a book.

• Knowing

• Known

• Having known

Multiple Choice

____________________ their training, they will be fully qualified doctors.

• Finished

• Having finishing

• Having finished

Multiple Choice

____________________ in the queue, I realised I didn't have any money.

• Standing

• Stood

• Having stood

Multiple Choice

____________________ redundant, she started looking for a new job.

• Making

• Having made

• Having been made

Multiple Choice

____________________ in the new year, the new policy bans cars in the city centre.

• Starting

• Started

• Having starting

Multiple Choice

____________________ lunch, I sat in the garden with a drink.

• Making

• Made

• Having made

Multiple Choice

____________________ for the bus, she slipped on some ice and fell over.

• Running

• Run

• Having run

Multiple Choice

On ____________________ her former owner, the dog ran across the room to greet him.

• seeing

• seen

• having seen

Multiple Choice

____________________ in hospital for several weeks, she was delighted to be home.

• Being

• Been

• Having been

Multiple Choice

The building collapsed, ____________________ two people.

• injuring

• injured

• having injured

Multiple Choice

____________________ the paper, he saw the news about his hometown.

• Reading

• Read

• Having read

Multiple Choice

____________________ in India for two years, Kaleem could speak some Hindi.

• Living

• Lived

• Having lived

Multiple Choice

____________________ in prisons throughout her twenties, she wrote her first play about life behind bars.

• After working

• Worked

• Having been worked

Multiple Choice

____________________ through the woods, they found a bird with a broken wing.

• Walking

• Walked

• Having walked

Multiple Choice

____________________ for the final interview, the candidates were asked to prepare a short presentation.

• Selecting

• Selected

• Having been selected

Multiple Choice

____________________ to hurt his feelings, I avoided the question.

• Wanting

• Not wanting

• Not wanted

• Having wanted

Multiple Choice

____________________ through difficult times together, they were very close friends.

• Living

• Lived

• Having lived

Multiple Choice

____________________ for Ellie, I made some tea.

• Waited

• Waiting

• Having waited

Multiple Choice

London, which is the capital of England, is one of the largest cities in the world

• It is a defining relative clause

• It is a non-defining relative clause

Multiple Choice

The village where I grew up is very small.

• It is a non-defining relative clause

• It is a defining relative clause

Multiple Choice

This is the officer that arrested the burglar.

• It is a defining relative clause

• It is a non-defining relative clause

Multiple Choice

Lady Gaga, who is a well-known pop star, is only 24

• It is a defining relative clause

• It is a non-defining relative clause

Multiple Choice

This is the place ______ I saw him the last time.

• Where

• Which

• That

Multiple Choice

Jim, _______ I've known for years, is my best friend.

• Who

• What

• Which

• Where

Multiple Choice

My new coat, ________ I bought in New York, is very warm and comfortable.

• who

• that

• which

• whose

Multiple Choice

My boss, _________ wife is French, travels to Paris regularly.

• who

• that

• which

• whose

Multiple Choice

He didn't even say "thank you", _________ I found really rude.

• who

• which

• whose

• where

Multiple Choice

Next summer I'm going to India, _________ I've never been before.

• who

• which

• whose

• where

Multiple Choice

My sister, __________ is five years younger than me, is a lawyer.

• who

• that

• which

• whose

Multiple Choice

Galileo Galilei, _________ suppported the heliocentric theory, was arrested by the Inquisition.

• who

• that

• which

• whose

Multiple Choice

Taylor has a new car, ____ is twice as big as his old one.

• that

• which

• who

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

• The new stadium, which can hold over 100,000 people, opened last week.

• The new stadium opened last week, which can hold over 100,000 people.

• The new stadium, that can hold over 100,000 people, opened last week.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence uses commas (,) correctly?

• My sister who you met last year, is coming to visit.

• My sister, who you met last year is coming to visit.

• My sister, who you met last year, is coming to visit.

Multiple Choice

The apple tree which is at the bottom of the garden needs to be cut down.

The sentence above indicates that

• there are several apple trees in the garden.

• there is one apple tree in the garden.

• there are several apple trees at the bottom of the garden.

Multiple Choice

We walked as far as the waterfall, ____ we stopped for a picnic.

• which

• that

• where

Multiple Choice

We walked as far as the waterfall, ____ is over 40 metres high.

• which

• that

• where

Multiple Choice

Rewrite these sentences.

Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.

My aunt lives in Edinburgh.

• The capital of Scotland, which my aunt lives, is Edinburgh.

• My aunt lives in Edinburgh, which is the capital of Scotland.

• Edinburgh, which is the capital of Scotland, lives my aunt.

Multiple Choice

Rewrite these sentences.

Emma is often bored at home.

Emmas husband goes away a lot.

• Emma, whose husband goes away a lot, is often bored at home.

• Emma, who is often bored at home, husband goes away a lot.

• Emma's husband, who goes away a lot, she is often bored at home.

Multiple Choice

Complete the sentence. Indicate whether a comma (,) is needed.

The weather was fantastic ____ was unusual for that time of year.

• which

• , that

• , which

Multiple Choice

Rewrite these sentences.

George wants me to do some more work for him.

Ive worked for George before.

• George, who wants me to do some more work for him, I've worked for before.

• George, whom I've worked for before, wants me to do some more work for him.

• George, who has worked before, wants me to do some more work for him.

Multiple Choice

The mountain ____ we climbed yesterday was the highest mountain in Britain!

• what

• where

• which

Multiple Choice

In which sentence can you delete who?

• The man who I saw on the bus is my neighbour.

• The man who lives next to me is nearly eighty.

• The man who cleans my windows has gone into hospital.

Multiple Choice

In which sentence can you NOT delete that?

• A photocopier is a machine that makes copies of pages.

• I’ve lost the magazine that I was reading.

• The film that we saw yesterday was brilliant.

Multiple Choice

What CANNOT go in the space?

Julie looked after the injured bird ___ she found in the garden.

• (No word is needed here)

• that

• who

Multiple Choice

Rewrite these sentences:

Greg bought a camera yesterday.

The camera doesn’t work.

• The camera that Greg bought yesterday doesn’t work.

• Greg, who bought a camera yesterday, doesn’t work.

• The camera who Greg bought yesterday doesn’t work.

Multiple Choice

What CAN’T you write in the space?

Last week I bought a watch ___ was half price.

• that

• (no word is needed here)

• which

Multiple Choice

Rewrite these sentences.

I met a man at a meeting last week.

The man was at the party.

• The man who I met at the party last week was at the meeting.

• The man I met at the meeting last week was at the party.

• I met the man, which was at the meeting last week, at the party.

Multiple Choice

That’s the shop ___ I bought my wedding ring.

• where

• which

• (no word is needed here)

Multiple Choice

There’s the woman ___ I met last week.

• (no word is needed)

• which

• that

Multiple Choice

Which sentence needs the word who?

• Is that the woman ___ Dan was talking about?

• Is that the woman ___ you work with?

• Is that the woman ___ lives next door to your grandmother?