The Periodic Table

The periodic table

Classifying Matter

• Elements: pure substances, on the Periodic Table

• Compounds: two or more elements; parts on the Periodic Table

• Mixtures: two or more substances MIXED; not on Periodic Table

Periodic Table

8.P.1.2 Explain how the physical properties of elements and their reactivity have been used to produce the current model of the Periodic Table of elements.

Groups & Periods

• Groups: Columns; up & down, similar properties. ⬆️ ⬇️

• Periods: Rows; left to right; increasing atomic ➡️ ⬅️

Periodic Table Periods:

• Periods run in rows.

• Each period has the same number of electron shells. i.e. Hydrogen and Helium have 1 electron shell. Lithium and Boron have 2.

• This means each period has the same number of ENERGY LEVELS!

Reactivity

• ability of a substance to react

• decreases left ➡️ to right ⬅️

• Group 1 Alkali Metals are most reactive

• Group 18 Noble Gases are least reactive, inert

Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids

• Metals: ductile, malleable, luster, solids

• Metalloids: properties of metals & nonmetals

• Nonmetals: brittle & dull

Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

• The periodic table is divided into 3 types of chemicals

• They are in alphabetical order: 1. Metal, 2. Metalloid, 3. Nonmetal

• Metals are the largest group

• Metalloids are the smallest group between metals and nonmetals.

Metals

• Metals are on the left side of the table.

• Characteristics include: malleable, ductile, shiny, and conductive (electricity and heat)

Metalloids

• Metalloids are on the stairstep between metals and nonmetals.

• Characteristics include: somewhat malleable, a little ductile, somewhat shiny, and conductive at high temperatures

Nonmetals

• Nonmetals are on the right side of the table.

• Dull, brittle, non-conductors

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