8.10.3-The Outer Planets

Chapter 10
The Solar System
Lesson 8.10.3-The Outer Planets




Mrs. Freeman's Classroom (Notes to Print

What we will discuss...

​LESSON 3
TN-8.ESS.1.2

Chapter 10-The Solar System
Lesson 8.10.3-The Outer Planets

Essential Questions we will answer in this lesson:

1. How are the outer planets similar?

2. What are the outer planets made of?

Be sure to answer the questions as you complete the quiz. Turn in with your MASTERY SCORE (80% minimum or REDO) at the end.

Chapter 10-The Solar System
Lesson 8.10.3-The Outer Planets

Let's take a look at the first question we will answer:

1. How are the outer planets similar?

2.

Outer Planets

Outer Planets = Gas Giants

• The 4 outer planets are much larger and more massive than Earth

• They do not have solid surfaces

• Their size exerts a very strong gravitational force

• This force keeps gases from escaping and creates thick atmospheres

Outer Planets = Gas Giants

• High pressures inside the planets causes materials to actually be liquid

• Outer layers are extremely cold but inner layers are much warmer

• All gas giants have many moons and are surrounded by rings

• Some moons are small balls of rock and ice only 1km across, while others are larger than Mercury

• The rings are thin discs of small rock and ice particles

All the Outer Planets have rings

Jupiter

-Largest planet in the solar system

-The giant red spot is a giant storm

-Stripes and swirls are windy clouds of ammonia and water

-atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium

Multiple Choice

What is the giant red spot on Jupiter?

• A tornado

• A hurricane

• A sand storm

• All of the above

Jupiter - "Giant Planet"

• Largest and most massive planet

• Mass = about 2.5 times more than all other planets combined

• Composed mostly of hydrogen and helium

• Atmosphere contains the "Great Red Spot"

• This is a giant storm with winds similar to a hurricane on Earth

Jupiter contiuned...

• Possibly has a dense core of rock and iron

• Core is surrounded by liquid hydrogen

• Has at least 63 moons

• The 4 largest being Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa

© Kesler Science, LLC

Planets and Gravity

Jupiter

• Largest planet
• Great Red Spot can fit 2 Earth’s inside it
• Galileo discovered many of Jupiter’s moons
• Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar

system.

• Revolution 12 Earth years

List 2 characteristics of

Jupiter.

Write down these notes before moving onto the next page!

​Galileo Galilei

​Galileo studied speed, gravity, relativity and inertia. His contributions to astroomy include observing Jupiter's four moons and the Rings of Saturn.

Why Galileo is called

THE FATHER OF OBSERVATIONAL ASTRONOMY

​

​

• He was the first one to base scientific theories on observations made with a telescope.

​Galilean Moons

​The Galilean moons are the four moons of Jupiter discovred by Galileo Galilei in January 1610. They are the largest of many moons of Jupiter.

​Io, Europa, Ganymade, and Callisto

Multiple Choice

Reason why Galileo is called the father of observational astronomy?

• He was the first one to suggest the sun is the center of the solar sytem

• He invented the study of stars

• He was the first to base scientific theories on observations made with a telescope.

• He invented the telescope

Multiple Choice

What are the names of the four Galilean moons?

• Io, Europa, Gamer, Galileo

• Titan, Europa, Callisto, Ganymade

• Io, Europa, Galileo, Callisto

• Io, Europa, Ganymade, Callisto

Multiple Choice

What is Jupiter mostly made of?

• Nitrogen and Oxygen

• Oxygen

• Hydrogen and Helium

Multiple Choice

Which planets have rings?

• Saturn

• All the gas giants

• Saturn and Uranus

• Saturn and Neptune

Saturn

-Most developed set of rings (ice and rock)

-Least dense planet

Saturn - "Ringed Planet"

• Second largest planet

• Atmosphere composed of hydrogen and helium

• North pole has strange hexagon shaped clouds

• Has the most complex set of rings

Saturn continued...

• From Earth, it appears to have 7 main rings but actually there is between 500-1000

• Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is the larger than Mercury and the only moon with a thick atmosphere

• Titan's atmosphere is composed mostly of nitrogen and methane

Multiple Choice

What are Saturns rings made of?

• Helium and hydrogen

• Ice and rock

• Oxygen and methane

• Methane

Uranus

-Known as the sideways planet because it rotates on its side

-Ice Giant nearly 4 times as large as Earth

-Methane gas in its atmosphere gives it its blue color

Uranus - "Ice Giant"

• Twice as far from the Sun as Saturn so it is MUCH colder

• Gets its blue-green color from methane in its atmosphere

• Has at least 27 moons

• Axis is rotated 97.9 degrees making it "roll" around the Sun

Multiple Choice

What color is Uranus?

• Orange

• Yellow

• Blue

• Red

Multiple Choice

How does Uranus rotate?

• Upright

• On its side

Neptune

-Dark, cold and whipped by supersonic winds

Neptune - "Windy Planet"

• A very cold, blue planet with visible clouds in the atmosphere

• Neptune's interior is still hot, releasing energy that rises and causes clouds and storms

• Once had a "Great Dark Spot" storm, similar to Jupiter

• Voyager 2 probe showed the largest moon, Triton, is covered in nitrogen ice

Multiple Choice

What is the 5th planet from the Sun?

• Mars

• Neptune

• Jupiter

• Saturn

Multiple Choice

What is the least dense planet?

• Jupiter

• Saturn

• Uranus

• Neptune

Chapter 10-The Solar System
Lesson 8.10.3-The Outer Planets

Let's take a look at the second question we will answer:

1.

2. What are the outer planets made of?

Reorder

Reorder the following IN ORDER OF CLOSEST TO THE SUN

• JUPITER

• SATURN

• URANUS

• NEPTUNE

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

What shape is the solar
system?

Where are the DENSE
planets?

Where are the LEAST
DENSE planets?

Do the parts of the
solar system move?

Discuss with a partner, you can use solar system scope to help you see the solar system moving

Think about theses questions. Have your answers ready.

Multiple Choice

What shape is the Solar System?

• Disk

• Sphere

• Cube

• icosahedron

Multiple Select

The inner planets are...

• dense

• rocky

• less dense

• gassy

Multiple Select

The outer planets are

• less dense

• rocky

• dense

• gassy

Multiple Choice

How would you describe the movement in the solar system?

• All planets rotate around the sun in the same direction and on the same plane

• All planets rotate around the sun in the same direction but at all different angles

• The planets randomly float about in the solar sytem

• The inner planets rotate clockwise around the sun and the outer planets rotate anti-clockwise

THE OUTER (GAS GIANTS) PLANETS

The outer, “gas giants” planets are very large and are composed of
mostly gas (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune).

Multiple Choice

Gas Giants have solid surfaces.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

Which planets are Gas Giants?

• Venus

• Saturn

• Mars

• Pluto

• Neptune

Multiple Choice

Which planet rotates on its side?

• Jupiter

• Uranus

• Mercury

• Neptune

• Saturn

Multiple Choice

Which planet has a huge hurricane-like storm in its atmosphere?

• Neptune

• Saturn

• Jupiter

• Uranus

Multiple Select

What are the outer planet's rings made of?

• Rocks

• Lava

• Dead stars

• Ice

Multiple Select

Which of the following planets have rings composed of rock, ice, and dust? Check all that apply.

• Neptune

• Uranus

• Saturn

• Jupiter

Multiple Choice

______ has the strongest winds in the solar system.

• Jupiter

• Neptune

• Saturn

• Mars

• Venus

Multiple Choice

______ has the largest and most prominent ring system of all the planets.

• Jupiter

• Neptune

• Saturn

• Mars

• Venus

Multiple Choice

______ is tilted on its side as it orbits the Sun.

• Jupiter

• Neptune

• Saturn

• Mars

• Uranus

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic is true of all of the outer planets?

• They have thin atmospheres.

• They have rocky surfaces.

• They have several moons.

• They are move massive than the Sun.

Multiple Choice

Saturn is the second most massive planet, but it is also the ______ planet.

• least dense

• coldest

• hottest

• windiest

The Outer Planets

• Huge planets on the outer part of our Solar system

• Cold

• Made entirely or mostly of gas

• Less dense than terrestrial planets

The Outer Planets

• Huge planets on the outer part of our Solar system

• Cold

• Made entirely or mostly of gas

• Less dense than terrestrial planets

Outer Planets

• Jupiter (largest planet and has the most moons)

• Saturn (has rings and second largest)

• Uranus (tilted on its side)

• Neptune (blue planet)

Multiple Select

Which planets are gas giants?

• Mercury

• Saturn

• Uranus

• Earth