8.11.3-Evolution of Stars

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​Use your
textbook
to compete
the vocabulary
in
Chapter 11
Lesson 3

​Complete the following Notes pages
as
you
progress
through
these
slides.

Life Cycle of a Star

Multiple Choice

What 2 elements are stars mainly comprised of?

• Hydrogen and helium

• Methane and potassium

• Hydrogen and argon

• Nitrogen and helium

Star Life Cycle

Death of Stars:

–What stars end up as depend on mass

Low and Medium Mass stars

•Planetary nebula --------- white dwarf

High mass stars (10 x or greater)

•Supernova --------- neutron star or black hole

Multiple Choice

The life cycles of stars are determined by their:

• mass (size)

• color

• distance from Earth

• how bright they are

-Hydrogen fuel begins to run out​

​-Expands in size

-Some small elements formed​

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Color your Red Giant and write-in the information above

Red Giant

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Birth

Stars start out in giant clouds of dust called nebula. Gravity forces the dust to bunch together. As more and more dust bunches up, gravity gets stronger and it starts to get hot and becomes a protostar.

Watch: A Star is Born

Multiple Choice

All stars begin their life as a

• Main Sequence

• Nebula

• Protostar

• Black Dwarf

Multiple Choice

This is a young star that glows as gravity brings it together

• Nebula

• Protostar

• Main-sequence star

• Red giant

Main Sequence Stars

Once a star, it will continue to burn energy and glow for billions of years. This is the state of the star for the majority of its life and is called the "main sequence". During this time a balance is met between gravity wanting to shrink the star and heat wanting to make it grow bigger. The star will remain this way until it runs out of hydroge

-High Mass Star

-Fueled by nuclear fusion

-Burns Hydrogen fuel faster

-hotter and brighter​

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Color your Main Sequence star and write the information above

Main Sequence

Multiple Choice

Our sun is currently in what star stage?

• Protostar

• Nebula

• Main Sequence

• Red Giant

-Hydrogen fuel begins to run out

-Expands in size

-Larger elements formed (Carbon, oxygen, iron)​

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Color in your red supergiant and write-in the information above

Red Supergiant

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Multiple Choice

The core of a Red Giant collapses and becomes a ___________________.

• White Dwarf
• Blue Supergiant
• Red Supergiant
• Black Hole

-Hydrogen fuel begins to run out

-Expands in size

-Larger elements formed (Carbon, oxygen, iron)​

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Color in your red supergiant and write-in the information above

Red Supergiant

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Multiple Choice

A gigantic explosion that causes the death of a large star is called

• pulsar
• red giant 
• supernova
• black hole

Multiple Choice

A gigantic explosion that causes the death of a large star is called

• pulsar
• supernova
• black hole

-Can form from supernova explosion

-​Extremely dense

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color your neutron star and write-in the description

​Neutron Star

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-End of a Star

-Region of space so dense no matter or light can escape​

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​Color the black hole and write-in the description

Black Hole

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Multiple Choice

A ________ is an object so dense with so much gravity that even light cannot escape.

• neutron star

• black hole

• black dwarf

Multiple Choice

Neutron stars are very small and extremely dense

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Supernova happens after

• super red giant

• nebula

• protostar

• white dwarf

Multiple Choice

What are the final two stages of a medium mass star?

• white dwarf - black dwarf
• neutron star - black hole
• supernova - neutron star
• pulsar - neutron star

Multiple Choice

______ is a force that causes dust particles to stick together in a nebula.

• nuclear fusion
• gravity
• hydrogen
• friction

Multiple Choice

The hottest stars are

• red
• yellow
• blue
• white

Multiple Choice

The coldest stars are

• red
• yellow
• white
• blue

Multiple Choice

This is an image of the first stage in the formation of a star, also known as a ....

• Main Sequence

• Planetary Nebula

• Nebula

Multiple Choice

Stars can take different paths due to having different _____________

• temperature
• mass
• color

2 Pathways:

The mass of the star that forms in the nebula determines how the star will burn fuel:

--small stars burn their fuel more slowly and reach lower temperatures.

--large stars burn through their fuel rapidly and reach higher temperatures.

Common Ground:

All Stars begin life as a H -> He fusing Main Sequence star.

No matter the mass of a star, as its hydrogen supply begins to run low, the core cools and the star takes on a red color, forming either a Red Supergiant or a Red Giant.

Different Endings:

Large stars can end up as black holes or pulsars.

Small stars can end up as a Nova, Supernova or a Black Dwarf.

Multiple Choice

If all Main Sequence stars are "young" stars, what can the color tell you about the star?

• Its size

• how long it will stay part of the Main Sequence

• Both options are correct

• Neither option is correct

H-R Diagram

Multiple Choice

Looking at this H-R Diagram what color are the hottest Stars?

• Red

• Blue

• White

• Yello

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship between the size of a star and its luminosity in the H-R Diagram

• There is no relationship at all

• The brighter the star the less luminosity it has

• The brighter the star the more luminosity it has

• The brighter the star the lower its temperature will be.

Multiple Choice

Looking at this H-R diagram what part of the life Cycle is our Sun in?

• Red Giant

• Main Sequence

• White Dwarf

• Blue Giant

Multiple Choice

If our sun was cooler what color would it be?

• Red

• Blue

• White

• Black

Multiple Choice

Is Betelgeuse hotter or cooler than Spica?

• Hotter

• Cooler

• They are the same temperature

Multiple Choice

What type of star is Sirius B

• A dim white dwarf

• A bright white dwarf

• A white Star in the Main Sequence

• A red supergiant

Now, let's review what we've learned.
You should be able to answer the following ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS which are the KEY CONCEPTS of this lesson:

1. How do starts form?

2. How does a star's mass affect its evolution?

3. How is star matter (its mass) recycled in space?

Open Ended

Why do you think Black holes and Neutron Stars are not plotted on the H-R Diagram?

Multiple Choice

The most common elements stars are made of...

• Iron & Carbon
• Gold & Zinc
• Hydrogen & Helium
• Fire and Ice

Multiple Choice

What is a large celestial body that is composed of gas and emits light?

• Nebula
• Star
• Galaxy
• Planet

Multiple Choice

The hottest stars have surface temperatures up to 35,000 degrees and are __________ in color

• red

• blue

• yellow

• orange

Multiple Choice

Relatively "cool" stars (3,000 degrees surface temps) are generally

• red

• going to blow up pretty soon.

• yellow

• blue

Main Sequence

Both Low and High mass have a main sequence phase
Average mass last billions of years
High mass will last MILLIONS of years

Stars will spend most of their life in this phase fusing Hydrogen into Helium through the process of nuclear fusion

Multiple Choice

What is the first stage of the life cycle of a star for all stars?

• nebula
• protostar
• main-sequence
• red giant

Multiple Choice

Low mass stars such as our SUN get swollen and expand into __________ after using up the hydrogen in their core.

• red giants

• supergiants

• white dwarfs

• protostars

Multiple Choice

When a star's gravitational pull is so strong that not even light can escape, it's called a what?

• Black hole
• Supernova
• White dwarf
• Nebula

Multiple Choice

What fuel do stars use? 

• Oxygen
• Hydrogen
• Carbon
• Iron

Multiple Choice

what stage of the life cycle of a star is this? 

• Planetary Nebula
• Black Hole
• Neutron Star
• Giant/Supergiant

Multiple Choice

A white dwarf is the final stage for _________ mass stars like our Sun.

• small/medium
• large
• super massive

Multiple Choice

What spectacular event follows the red super giant phase for a large or massive star when it starts fusing iron in its core?

• Big Bang
• Supernova
• Planetary Nebula

Multiple Choice

The Milky Way Galaxy is a 

• spiral
• lenticular
• elliptical 
• irregular

Multiple Choice

What stage fills in the blank. Nebula --> Main sequence --> red giant --> ______________ --> white dwarf --> black dwaft

• supergiant
• planetary nebula
• black hole
• supernova

Multiple Choice

What is an exploding, high mass star called?

• black hole

• Milky Way

• supernova

• solar system

Multiple Choice

We consider these stars 'dead' because they no longer are carrying out fusion in their cores.

• White Dwarfs
• Red Dwarfs
• Red Giants
• Brown Dwarfs

Multiple Choice

True or False: All stars will eventually become a black hole

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a final stage of a star. 

• black hole
• black dwarf
• neutron star
• red giant

Multiple Choice

This is a young star that glows as gravity brings it together

• Nebula
• Protostar
• Main-sequence star
• Red giant

Multiple Choice

What is the first stage of the life cycle of a star for all stars?

• nebula
• protostar
• main-sequence
• red giant

Multiple Choice

In this stage, a star spends most of its life. Hydrogen is fused into helium at a temperature of millions of degrees.

• nebula
• protostar
• main-sequence
• supergiant

Multiple Choice

Low mass stars expand into what after using up the hydrogen in their core

• red giants
• supergiants
• white dwarfs
• protostars

Multiple Choice

This stage is when a high mass star explodes

• Supergiant
• Red giant
• Supernova
• Black hole

Multiple Choice

Gravity pulls gases and dust particles in space toward one another, squeezing them into a smaller and smaller space. The temperature at the center rises high enough for nuclear fusion of hydrogen to begin.
What stage in a stars life cycle is this describing? 

• The birth of a star
• The death of a star
• Black Hole
• Stellar Nebula

Multiple Choice

What fuel do stars use? 

• Oxygen
• Hydrogen
• Carbon
• Iron

Multiple Choice

Larger stars (stars with more mass) have a longer life cycle. 

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

Our sun and most stars are in what stage of their life cycle?

• Planetary Nebula
• White Dwarfs
• Main Sequence
• Giants

Multiple Choice

The distance that light travels in one year...

• Light year
• Quantumyear
• Stellar-year
• 1 million kilometers

Multiple Choice

Which category is our Sun located in?

• White Dwarfs
• Supergiants
• Main Sequence
• Giants