Genes and Heredity

​Genetics - Punnett Squares Review

Multiple Choice

Heredity is the passage of what from parent to offspring?

• genetic material

• oxygen

• digestive enzymes

• connective tissue

Multiple Choice

What is a chromosome?

• Thread-like structure within a cell's nucleus that contain DNA.

• A series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form daughter cells.

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells are the result of Meiosis?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

What does DNA stand for?

• Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
• Denatured Natural Acid
• Do Not Accept
• I Don't Know

Multiple Choice

If the DNA sequence of a gene is GAC CAA TAT GTA, what mRNA sequence will be produced in transcription?

• nucleus

• AUG GGG CCU CUC

• CUG GUU AUA CAU

• GAC CAA UAU GUA

• CUG CCG GCA CGG

Multiple Choice

An organism's genetic material

• genes

• DNA

• Alleles

• heredity

Multiple Choice

What amino acid would be added to the protein being formed during translation if the mRNA codon reads "CCU?"

• Isoleucine

• Stop

• Methionine

• Proline

Multiple Choice

What does DNA do?

• a.  It carries genetic codes from parents to offspring.
• a.  It carries oxygen from the lungs to the body.
• a.  It tells you who you are.
• a.  It defines the organism.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following tells the Ribosome to STOP?

• UAC

• UGG

• UGA

• UCA

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells are the result of Mitosis?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

Which amino acid pairs with the codon AGA

• Thr
• Arg
• Ala
• Glu

Multiple Choice

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine are examples of

• DNA structure
• DNA bases
• DNA double helix
• Paired bases

Multiple Choice

The codon CCU codes for what amino acid?

• Isoleucine
• Stop
• Methionine
• Proline

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Which letter pairs with - A

• C

• G

• T

Multiple Choice

The rules of DNA pairing states that Adenine (A) always pairs up with

• Thymine
• Cytosine
• Adenine
• Guanine

Multiple Choice

Which letter pairs with - C

• G

• A

• T

Multiple Choice

Which molecule carries instructions for growth, development and reproduction?

• tRNA
• DNA
• protein
• amino acid

Multiple Choice

Which letter pairs with - T

• C

• A

• G

Multiple Choice

The rules of DNA pairing states that Cytosine (C) always pairs up with

• Thymine
• Cytosine
• Adenine
• Guanine

Multiple Choice

Which letter pairs with - G

• C

• A

• T

Multiple Choice

What strand of mRNA below would link up with the following codon?

GCA

• CGU

• GGU

• UCT

• ACU

Multiple Choice

Genetic material (DNA) can be found in the...

• nucleus

• mitochondria

• chloroplast

• cell wall

Multiple Choice

If you have a disease caused by a mutated gene, which technique might help cure that disease?

• Cloning
• Artificial Selection
• Genetic Engineering
• Gene Therapy

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order (from biggest to smallest) of organization for genetic information?

• Gene, DNA, chromosomes, nucleus, cell

• Cell, nucleus, DNA, chromosome, gene

• Nucleus, cell, chromosome, gene, DNA

• Cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, gene

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

In a pedigree, which shape represents a male?

• circle

• square

Multiple Choice

Tall plants (T) are dominant to short plants (t). What percentage of the offspring will be tall if the parents are TT and Tt?

• 0.0
• 0.25
• 0.5
• 1

Multiple Choice

Which gender has an X and a Y chromosome?

• male

• female

Multiple Choice

What is the cell cycle?

• A series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form daughter cells.

• The form of something.

• The allele whose trait is always shown.

Multiple Choice

If this pedigree shows a recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual 4 be?

• HH

• Hh

• hh

Draw

How are you feeling today (Draw an emoji)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a beneficial mutation?

• When an organism's lifespan becomes shorter.

• When an organism becomes unable to reproduce.

• When an organism's body becomes deformed.

• When an organism develops immunity to a disease.

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

A permanent change in the DNA sequence

which can affect a single gene or group of genes

• Homeostasis

• Somatic Cell

• Chromosomal Mutation

• Gene Mutation

Multiple Choice

What mutations can be passed on to future generations?

• All mutations
• Mutations in DNA of sex cells during meiosis.
• Mutations in body cells during mitosis.

Multiple Choice

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Frameshift

Multiple Choice

Original: ATC CAT

Mutation: ATC GCAT

What mutation occurred?

• deletion

• insertion

• silent

• transverse

Multiple Choice

What is the term used to select for desireable traits through breeding?

• Cloning
• Natural Selection
• Genetic Engineering
• Artificial Selection

Multiple Choice

Mutations are...

• Changes in the sequence of DNA

• Broken chromosomes

• Bad genes

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

What is a type of Mutation?

• Deletions

• Insertions

• Substitutions

• All of the Above

Multiple Choice

How do you figure out how many chromosomes are in the sex cells of different organisms?

• it's always 23
• it's always half as many as the body cells.
• It's the same as the body cells.
• It's always twice as many as the body cells.

Multiple Choice

Mutations are SOMETIMES helpful to the organism.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Genes is described as...

• the release of energy

• unit of heredity

• waste produced by cells

• collection of adaptation

Open Ended

What questions do you have concerning genes, DNA, heredity, pedigrees or mutations

Multiple Choice

Produces half the chromosomes as the parent cells.

• Meiosis
• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

Produces two identical daughter cells.

• Meiosis
• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Skin cells dividing

• Meiosis
• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

A cell goes through 2 rounds of division to make 4 different daughter cells.

• Meiosis
• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

This is the combination of genes from your mom and dad.

• Phenotype

• Allele

• Genotype

• Dominant

Multiple Choice

Cross a Gg parent with a gg parent. What is the probability of gg offspring?

• 0/4
• 1/4
• 2/4
• 3/4
• 4/4

Multiple Choice

• A

• B

• C

• D

What is Genetics?

Genetics is the study of heredity, which is the passing of traits from one generation to another.

Multiple Choice

These are the traits we see because of the genotype

• Recessive

• Dominant

• Allele

• Phenotype

Multiple Choice

Heredity defines the passage of genetic material from...

• parent to child

• sibling to sibling

• mate to mate

• predator to prey

Multiple Choice

Heredity is the passing of traits from _____________________ to _____________________

• predators to prey
• water to rain
• parents to offspring
• fungi to protists

Multiple Choice

________ are not the only factors that can affect phenotypes

• the environment

• genes

• hybrids

• mutations

Multiple Choice

If an individual has the genotype Bb, they are _____.

• heterozygous

• homozygous dominant

• heterozygous recessive

• homozygous recessive

Multiple Choice

___________________________ is the study of how traits are passed on, or inherited.

• dominant traits
• ratio
• phenotype
• genetics

Multiple Choice

Heredity is...

• passage of genetic material from one generation to the next

• movement of nutrients

• new blood cells

• removes waste

Multiple Choice

Which of the following pairs is homozygous dominant?

• Hh
• pp
• HH
• aa

Multiple Choice

Fill in the missing parts

of the Punnet Square.

• BB and BB

• BB and Bb

• BB and bb

• bb and bb

Are a sequence in DNA that code for a protein, thus for a specific traits

​

Genes

Multiple Choice

Fill in the missing parts

of the Punnet Square.

• BB

• bb

• Bb

• Dd

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is heterozygous?

• Hh
• gg
• HH
• GG

Multiple Choice

In a certain pepper plant, hot flavor is dominant (H) to

mild (h) flavor. If you cross two heterozygous plants, what

percentage of the offspring will have hot flavor?

• 25%

• 50%

• 100%

• 75%

Multiple Choice

Which of the following explains the genetic material in the offspring?

• the offspring has genetic material 50% mom and 50% dad

• the offspring has genetic material 100% mom and 100% dad

• the offspring has genetic material 0% mom and 100% dad

• the offspring has genetic material 100% mom and 0% dad

Multiple Choice

Brown fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b) in rabbits.

What is the probability of brown fur in offspring between

a heterozygous brown rabbit and a homozygous recessive

white rabbit?

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

A ________________________ is used to predict the possible genotype from certain parents

• Mendel Grid
• Genetic Tic Tac Toe
• Punnett Square
• Pedigree Plot

Multiple Choice

Variations in people's height and eye color are due to

• codominance

• multiple alleles

• polygenic inheritance

• incomplete dominance

Multiple Choice

Gregor Mendel is often called ....

• The father of heredity.
• The father of genetics.
• The king of peas
• The father of punnett squares.

Multiple Choice

Bianca has blue eyes like her father. Where is the trait found?

• genes within chromosomes in nucleus

• chromosomes within genes in cytoplasm

• nucleus within a gene in the chromosome

• cytoplasm within a chromosome

Multiple Choice

Two parents have a heterozygous genotype for eye color. What is the chance of having a blue eye baby?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

Alleles are different possibilities for a given trait!

• Every trait has two alleles. One from mother and one from father.

• Ex: blue/black eyes, brown/blonde hair, tall/short

​Alleles?

Traits are specific characteristics that varies from one individual to another.

• Blue eyes

• Brown hair

• Tall

Traits?

What is the difference between Traits and alleles?

Multiple Choice

Where are chromosomes found?

• vacuole

• cell membrane

• nucleus

• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

The hereditary information in animal and plants cells is located on the chromosomes, which the cells store in the --

• vacuoles

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

• ribosomes

Multiple Choice

The different forms of a gene.

• Genes

• Allele

• Phenotype

• Pedigree

Multiple Choice

Threadlike structures in cells are

• hybrids

• nucleus

• chromosomes

• mutations

Multiple Select

Check ALL of the examples of PHENOTYPE.

• green color peas

• CC

• Tall

• Tt

• Curly Hair

Multiple Choice

On what structures are genes located?

• chromosomes

• lysosomes

• ribosomes

• golgi bodies

Multiple Select

Check all of the examples of a Dominant Allele

• Aa

• cc

• DD

• Ee

• ff

Multiple Choice

In pea plants, the tall allele is dominant to the short allele. What key would demonstrate this?

• Tall = T

  Short = S

• Tall = t

  Short = T

• Tall = T

  Short = t

• Tall = TT

  Short = tt

Multiple Select

Check all of the examples of a Recessive Allele

• Aa

• cc

• DD

• Ee

• ff

Multiple Choice

The inherited traits of an organism are governed by---

• leukocytes

• genes

• cytoplasm

• enzymes

Multiple Choice

Chromosomes are found in the ______of the cell

• vacuoles

• mitochondria

• cell membrane

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

Genetic material is primarily responsible for-

• removing waste

• governing inherited traits

• create new enzymes

• digestion

An organism with a recessive allele combination will only exhibit that trait when the dominant allele isn't present.

• Represented by a lowercase letter "r"

Recessive

Is stronger so it masks the other trait if present.

• Represented by a capital letter "R"

Dominant

Dominant vs recessive

Multiple Choice

3 cousins have similar appearance but different face shapes. Which of these cell components are most involved in determining the basic shape of each girls face?

• genes, chromosomes, and nucleus

• cytoplasm, chloroplast, and genes

• vacuoles, nucleus, and chromosomes

• chromosomes, chloroplasts and vacuoles

Multiple Choice

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

• hybrids

• pedigree

• DNA

• heredity

Multiple Choice

Identify the homozygous dominant genotype:

• FF

• Ff

• ff

Multiple Choice

Occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait

• polygenic inheritance

• heterzygous

• DNA

• Alleles

Multiple Choice

What are genes?

• Something you wear

• The powerhouse of cells.

• Segments of DNA that carry traits for offspring.

• None of the answers are right

Multiple Choice

Offspring of parents with different forms of the same trait

• alleles

• hybrids

• heredity

• pedigree

​Genotypes vs Phenotypes

Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism. The gene (or allele) combination an organism has.

• Examples: Tt, SS, Bb, aa

Phenotype: The physical characteristics of an organism

• Examples: Tall or short, Straight hair or wavy hair...

Multiple Choice

Section of a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait

• DNA

• gene

• allele

• hybrid

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of phenotype?

• bb

• blue eyes

Multiple Choice

Phenotypes of genetically related family members

• Pedigree

• polygenic inheritance

• mutation

• hybrids

Homozygous vs Heterozygous

Homozygous - Term used to refer to an organism that has two IDENTICAL alleles for a particular trait. Considered as purebred! EXAMPLE: TT or tt

Heterozygous - Term used to refer to an organism that has two DIFFERENT alleles for a particular trait. Considered as hybrids.

EXAMPLE: Tt

Multiple Choice

Differenct forms of a gene

• genes

• alleles

• hybrids

• heredity

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes are purebred?

• Pf

• Bb

• BB

• pF

Multiple Choice

Having two different forms of an allele

• homozygous

• heterozygous

• mutations

• DNA

Multiple Choice

Which of these is homozygous recessive?

• Rr

• RR

• Ba

• bb

Multiple Choice

A white chicken and a black chicken have spotted offspring

• codominance

• incomplete dominance

• mutation

• Alien chicken

Multiple Choice

An organism's physical appearance or visible traits. (what it looks like)

• phenotype

• genotype

Multiple Choice

A parent with straight hair and a parent with curly hair have an offspring with wavy hair

• codominance

• incomplete dominance

• mutation

• Alien baby

Multiple Choice

What allele combination should go in the missing box?

• aa

• AA

• Aa

• None

Multiple Choice

What is the phenotype of the offspring? (A-Brown hair; a-blond hair) 

• 50 % Brown Hair and 50% Blond Hair 

• 75 % Brown Hair and 25% Blond Hair 

• 25 % Brown Hair and 75% Blond Hair 

• 0% Brown Hair and 100% Blond Hair 

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?

• GG

• hh

• T

• Aa

Match

Match the following.

• genes are the same

• genes are different

• T - tall

• t - short

• the study of heredity

homozygous

heterozygous

dominant allele

recessive allele

genetics

• homozygous

• heterozygous

• dominant allele

• recessive allele

• genetics

Match

Match the following

• homozygous dominant genes

• heterozygous dominant genes

• homozygous recessive genes

• genetic material of an orgnism (DNA)

• physical characteristics of an organism

AA

Hh

bb

genotype

phenotype

• AA

• Hh

• bb

• genotype

• phenotype