Unit 1 Lesson 2

Clauses, Phrases, and Types of Sentences

Poll

Gabby enjoys watching movies.

• Independent

• Dependent

Poll

Until the bell rings.

• Independent

• Dependent

Poll

Antonio wrote in his agenda and then read his book

• Independent

• Dependent

Poll

Where he ate ten hotdogs in thirty minutes.

• Independent

• Dependent

Comma Placement

• Independent Dependent

  • If the independent clause is followed by a dependent clause, you do not place a comma.

• I will help you because you asked nicely.

• I am going to the store once I finish my work.

• Samir told me he would call me when he got home.

Comma Placement

• Dependent, Independent

  • If the dependent clause is followed by an independent clause, a comma is placed at the end of the dependent clause.

• Because I was absent, I need to make up my classwork.

Multiple Choice

Where should the comma be placed in the following sentence? Because softball is such a fun sport many people joined the team.

• Because, softball is such a fun sport many people joined the team.

• Because softball is such a fun sport, many people joined the team.

• No comma needed because the dependent clause comes first. 

Multiple Choice

Where should the comma be placed in the following sentence: The pep rally is going to be fun because the whole school will come together.

• The pep rally, is going to be fun because the whole school will come together.

• The pep rally is going to be fun because, the whole school will come together.

• No comma needed because the dependent clause comes last. 

Misplaced/Dangling Modifiers

What is a Modifier?

A modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that adds description to a sentence.

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Typically, you will find a modifier snuggled right next to—either in front of or behind—the word it logically describes.

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Sometimes, a writer places a modifier too far away from the word it should describe.

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Born in the confusion is a misplaced modifier.

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Misplaced Modifiers

Multiple Choice

What is a misplaced modifier?

• A modifier that is not close to the word it describes

• A modifier that is close to the word it describes

• A modifier that is missing from the sentence

Examples of Misplaced Modifiers

​MISPLACED: Aidan wore his one collared shirt to the job interview,

which was stained with yellow mustard.

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CORRECT: Aidan wore his one collared shirt, which was stained with yellow mustard, to the job interview.

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MISPLACED: The host served sandwiches to the guests on paper plates.

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CORRECT: The host served the guests sandwiches on paper plates.

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Multiple Choice

Which sentence contains a misplaced modifier?

• The cowboy in the leather vest was thrown by the bull.

• The train station, which was made of red brick, was located downtown.

• She was making a sweater for her grandma that was warm.

This happens when the word a modifier is describing is completely missing from the sentence.

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This creates ambiguity and can confuse the reader

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Dangling Modifiers

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Multiple Choice

What is a dangling modifier?

• A modifier that does not have a word to describe

• A modifier that is not close to to the word it describes

• A modifier that is at the end of a sentence

Examples of Dangling Modifiers

​DANGLING: Fumbling in her purse, the keys could not be found.

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CORRECT: ​ Fumbling in her purse, she could not find her keys.

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DANGLING: While driving to work​, a car accident was witnessed on the highway.

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CORRECT: While driving to work, Nicholas witnessed a car accident on the highway. ​

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Multiple Choice

Which sentence contains a dangling modifier?

• Because he injured his hand, John had difficulty typing the essay.

• To become a good dentist, you must clean, fill, and file many teeth.

• Having finished the assignment, the TV was turned on.

Practice Time

Multiple Choice

What's the problem with the modifier in this sentence?

Emma was delighted when Mr. Smith returned

her perfect math test with an ear-to-ear grin.

• It sounds like Mr. Smith was the one who took the test.

• It sounds like the math test has a grin.

• It sounds like the math test was delighted.

Multiple Choice

What's the problem with the modifier in this sentence?

Grace watched Tyrese stuff a cupcake into

his mouth that was frosted with vanilla icing.

• It sounds like Grace ate the cupcake, not Tyrese.

• It sounds like the cupcake tasted nasty.

• It sounds like Tyrese's mouth was frosted with icing.

Multiple Choice

What's wrong with the modifier in this sentence?

Tapping the pencil on the edge of the desk, the answer

to the test question would not come to mind.

• We don't know who was tapping the pencil.

• It sounds like the pencil was trying to think of the answer.

• It sounds like the answer was tapping the pencil on the desk.

Multiple Choice

What's wrong with the modifier in this sentence?

Paige made the mistake of walking her boisterous bulldog Bill in high heels.

• It sounds like the bulldog is walking Paige.

• It sounds like Paige is wearing high heels.

• It sounds like the bulldog is wearing high heels.

Multiple Choice

What's the problem with the modifier in this sentence?

Too hungry to wait for Brenda's return from the restroom,

the bowl of egg drop soup quickly disappeared.

• It sounds like the bowl of soup went to the restroom.

• We don't know who was too hungry to wait.

• It sounds like Brenda was too hungry to wait.

Multiple Choice

Though not a fan of scary movies, A Quiet Place is actually quite good.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Regretting his remark, Kyle blushed uncontrollably.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

The impatient customer demanded the waiter, a new employee, immediately get the manager.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Multiple Choice

Lying on the beach, thoughts of skin cancer entered my mind as I tried to relax.

• Correct

• Incorrect

Verbs and Verb Phrases

​Helping Verbs

Multiple Select

What is the function of a helping verb? ^{Choose all that apply.}

• Helping verbs show when things happen.

• Helping verbs show action.

• Helping verbs describe the subject.

• Helping verbs help create verb phrases.

​Example

​He smells the pizza.

(verb is smell)

He can smell the pizza. (verb phrase is can smell)​

Multiple Choice

What is the verb phrase in the following sentence?

The mummy is coming for us!

• The mummy

• is

• coming

• is coming

Multiple Choice

What is the verb phrase in the following sentence?

Officer Lee has been working with her partner for a long time.

• has been

• Officer Lee

• has been working

• with her partner

Multiple Choice

What is the verb phrase in this sentence?

Sarah may be running in the relay race tomorrow.

• relay race

• Sarah may be

• may be running

• be running

Multiple Choice

What is the verb phrase in this sentence?

Cloudy and Rainy were being rude to their leader Moon.

• being

• were being

• were being rude

• were

Multiple Choice

What is the verb phrase in this sentence?

Sunny may have been snoring last night in the stables of Cloud Cuckoo Castle.

• been snoring

• have been snoring

• snoring

• may have been snoring

Multiple Choice

Identify the verb phrase in the following sentence.

Charles Darwin was born in 1809.

• was

• was born

• Charles Darwin

• in 1809

Multiple Choice

Identify the verb phrase in the following sentence.

He was raised in Shrewsbury, England.

• Shrewsbury, England

• He

• was raised

• in

Multiple Choice

Identify the verb phrase in the following sentence.

The theory of evolution was introduced by Charles Darwin in the 1850s.

• theory of evolution

• was introduced

• by Charles Darwin

• in the 1850s

Multiple Choice

Identify the verb phrase in the following sentence.

Many people are attracted by the logic of the theory.

• people are

• are attracted

• attracted by

• the logic

Multiple Choice

Identify the helping verb in the following sentence.

The theory has been refined over the years.

• theory

• has been

• has

• refined

Multiple Choice

Identify the verb phrase in the following sentence.

Darwin was exploring on the HMS Beagle in 1831.

• Darwin was

• was exploring

• on the HMS Beagle

• in 1851

Multiple Choice

Identify the verb phrase in the following sentence.

He had studied plant and animal life on his travels.

• studied

• on his travels

• plant and animal life

• had studied

Multiple Choice

Drew might audition for a part in the school play.

• might

• might audition

• might audition for

• Drew might

Prepositional Phrases

​50 of the most common prepositions

Prepositional Phrases

• A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.

• A prepositional phrase shows a relationship between a word in the sentence and the object of the preposition.

• Examples:

• The cat in the tree was meowing loudly.

• The car around the corner is honking.

How do you know it's a prepositional phrase?

• The word at the end of the phrase (called the object of the preposition) must be a noun.

• Ask yourself "the what?" after the preposition and if you can answer the question with a noun, then you have found a prepositional phrase.

• Examples:

• The cat in the tree was meowing loudly. The cat in the WHAT?

• The car around the corner is honking. The car around the WHAT?

Multiple Choice

Which word in the sentence below is a preposition?

Ms. Lujan dreamed about a penguin baking cupcakes.

• about

• Ms. Lujan

• dreamed

• possum

Multiple Choice

Select the two words that make up the prepositional phrase.

Elephants travel long distances for food.

• long distances

• for food

Multiple Choice

Select the two words that make up the prepositional phrase.

Will you sit beside me?

• beside me

• you sit

Multiple Choice

I have always wanted to take a visit to Ireland's countryside.

• to take

• to Ireland's countryside

• have always wanted

• a visit

Multiple Choice

People say you can find leprechauns in the forest.

• that you

• leprechauns

• People say

• in the forest

Multiple Choice

Irish immigrants built the old house at the end of the street.

• at the end of the street

• Irish immigrants

• the old house

• built

Multiple Choice

We are going to take a trip to Ireland's famous landmarks.

• We are going

• to take

• trip

• to Ireland's famous landmarks

Multiple Choice

People say St. Patrick drove all the snakes away from Ireland.

• St. Patrick

• away from Ireland

• all the snakes

• all

Appositive Phrases

My mom, who is short, is a waitress.

​Who is short is extra information as we already know who you are talking about.

​Non-Essential Info

My uncle Roy is the best card player on the block.

Roy is essential information as it tells us which uncle you are talking about.

​Essential Info

Essential vs Non-Essential Info

Multiple Choice

True or false?

Eliminating the nonessential appositive changes the basic meaning of the sentence.

• True

• False

• "renames" a noun right beside it

• can be short or long combination of words

• can begin, interrupt, or end a sentence

• an appositive phrase is ALWAYS separated from the rest of the sentence by commas

Appositive Phrases

Grandma's dog, a husky mix, sleeps at the foot of her bed.

My study cards, the color-coded pile, are incredibly detailed.

That poem, a free verse, made me cry.

EXAMPLES

​​If the appositive phrase is in the middle of the sentence, it will have 2 commas.

One at the beginning of the phrase and one at the end.

Multiple Choice

What is the appositive phrase in the following sentence?

Buddy, my dog, loves his dog treats.

• my dog
• Buddy

• loves his

• dog treats

Multiple Choice

Type the appositive phrase in the following sentence:

My computer, a laptop, needs a new cover.

• a laptop
• My computer

• needs a

• new cover

Multiple Choice

What is the appositive phrase: Mr. Cattanzara, a bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George’s.

• Mr. Cattanzara

• a bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station

• lived

• on the next block after George’s.

Multiple Choice

What is the appositive phrase in the following:

Leonardo da Vinci, the great Renaissance painter, was also an inventor.

• Leonardo da Vinci, the great Renaissance painter,

• , was also an inventor.

• Leonardo da Vinci,

• , the great Renaissance painter,

Multiple Choice

Which sentence below is correctly punctuated?

• My sister, the tall one is about to enter high school.

• My sister the tall one is about to enter high school.

• My sister the tall one, is about to enter high school.

• My sister, the tall one, is about to enter high school.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is punctuated correctly?

• We decided to eat at Olive Garden my favorite restaurant.

• We decided to eat at Olive Garden, my favorite restaurant.

• We decided to eat at, Olive Garden, my favorite restaurant.

• We decided, to eat, at Olive Garden my favorite restaurant.

Different Types
of Sentences

Multiple Choice

What is the subject in this sentence?

My parents cooked a delicious meal.

• Cooked

• Meal

• My parents

• Delicious Meal

Multiple Choice

What is the predicate in this sentence?

I waited for the train.

• waited

• I

• the train

• for

Multiple Choice

What is the subject in this sentence?

In the afternoon, Ms. Gulam went to Target.

• went

• Ms. Gulam

• afternoon

• Target

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence?

The orange cat next door.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence?

We were tired from playing all day.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is this a complete sentence?

Spent the whole day at the mall.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is this a compound sentence?

 I need to go to the store. I’m feeling too sick to drive.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is this a compound sentence?

The pirate captain lost her treasure map, but she still found the buried treasure.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is this a compound sentence? They spoke to him in English then she responded in Spanish.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is this a compound sentence? 

Our car broke down; we came last.

• Yes

• No

Complex Sentences

​Reminder:

includes an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses

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​A Complex Sentence:

Complex Sentences NEED AN AAAWWUBBIS WORD.

• AAAWWUBBIS conjunctions are SIGNALS for us as readers and writers.

• If we see one, we KNOW that the sentence HAS TO BE complex.

Multiple Choice

Is the following sentence a complex sentence?

After the game, Erin will come to my house.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is the following sentence a complex sentence?

We will have a party even if it rains.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is the following sentence a complex sentence?

Ben went to the park.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is the following sentence a complex sentence?

Ashley drew a self-portrait.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is the following sentence a complex sentence?

Before dinner, my friends and I like to play outside.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a complex sentence?

• Ms. Zoeller loves to teach 5B, but she also loves to teach 5A!!

• Clarissa hates Avatar although Noah really likes it.

• Duy-An and Alana made Quizizz for 5B to play during lunch.

• Everyone agrees that lunch is their favorite time of the day.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is NOT a complex sentence?

• While the teacher was helping another student, I checked my work.

• I checked my work while the teacher was helping another student.

• The teacher helped me with my question when he was done helping my classmate.

• While the teacher was helping my classmate.

Multiple Choice

David wanted a camera, and he was determined to buy one when he had the money.

• simple

• compound

• complex

• compound-complex

Compound-Complex sentences

​has 2 or more independent clauses and 1 or more dependent clauses

I really wanted to do well on the quiz because I wanted an A in the class, and I got a B last quarter.

David wanted a camera, and he was determined to buy one when he had the money.

Multiple Choice

Is this a compound-complex sentence?

When your father gets home, I will explain how the window was broken, and you should offer to help repair it.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Is this a compound-complex sentence?

Although Jennifer says it isn't true, I believe that Jaime is secretly in love with her, but he hasn't told her because he is afraid of rejection.

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Usually I take a walk every day while the sun sets, but it was raining today

• Compound

• Complex

• Compound-Complex

Multiple Choice

We won the game, but my uniform was muddy because it rained the entire time.

• Compound

• Compound-Complex

• Complex

Multiple Choice

The dog started barking so the cat ran away and I couldn't keep up, so I stopped.

• Compound

• Compound-Complex

• Complex

Multiple Choice

Which one is a compound-complex sentence?

• While Mom went into the post office, I read my Harry Potter book in the van.

• Kate doesn't like cartoons because they are loud, so she doesn't watch them.

• I wanted to buy a new Lego set with my birthday money, but my mom made me put all of it in the bank.

What did I just learn???

simple sentence:
1 independent clause

compound sentence:
2 independent clauses joined by comma and FANBOYS

complex sentence:
1 independent clause and at least 1 dependent clause

compound-complex sentence:
at least 2 independent clauses and at least 1 dependent clause

Multiple Choice

Which one is the compound sentence?

• Because she forgot her lunch, she bought a hamburger.

• I will take my kids to a movie, or I will stay home.

Multiple Choice

Which one is the complex sentence?

• She goes to the beach, and she takes her dog.

• Because I lost it, I paid the library fines.

Multiple Choice

Since there is a 50% chance of rain, I'm going to bring an umbrella on our field trip.

• Complex

• Compound

• Compound-Complex

• Simple

Multiple Choice

Collin practices basketball for thirty minutes a day.

• Simple

• Compound

• Complex

• Compound-complex

Multiple Choice

When Lizzy's parents sent her to the market, she was supposed to buy milk, but she didn't have enough money.

• simple

• compound

• complex

• compound-complex

Multiple Choice

We're going to be late if we don't hurry!

• Simple

• Complex

• Compound

• Compound-complex

Multiple Choice

I wanted to invite her to my birthday party, but I didn't know her address or phone number.

• Compound

• Compound-Complex

• Complex

• Simple

Multiple Choice

Annabella was rude to Judith because she wasn't feeling well, but that is no excuse for behaving badly.

• simple

• compound

• complex

• compound-complex

Multiple Choice

I am not hungry because I ate a sandwich thirty minutes ago.

• Simple

• Compound

• Complex

• Compound-complex

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