Medical Terminology Chapter 10 Nervous System

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Options (6)

Brain

Spinal Cord

Cranial Nerves

Spinal Nerves

Peripheral Nerves

plexuses

Which structures are in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

CNS

PNS

Multiple Choice

This type of nerve carries messages to the brain

• motor neurons

• sensory neurons

• receptors

• effectors

Multiple Choice

This type of nerve carries messages from the brain

• motor neurons

• sensory neurons

• receptors

• effectors

Multiple Choice

This division of the Autonomic Nervous System balances the other by slowing down heart rates and lowering blood pressure

• sympathetic

• parasympathetic

Multiple Choice

This division of the Autonomic Nervous System stimulates nerves under stress

• sympathetic

• parasympathetic

Neurons, Nerves, and Glia

Neurons=Nerve Cells
Parts of a neuron
1. Dendrite-Carry an impulse TOWARDS the cell body
2. Cell Nucleus-Located in the Cell Body
3. Axon-Carry an impulse AWAY from the cell body
a. Myelin Sheaths-cover axons to enhance signal
b. The terminal ends of axons release neurotransmitters
c. NEUROTRANSMITTERS: chemicals released at axons to continue the nerve impulse

Ganglia=Small Clusters of nerve cell bodies

Glial Cells: does various other functions to coordinate with neurons

Match

Match the following

• Covers axons to enhance a signal

• Carries an impulse towards cell body

• carries an impulse away from the cell body

• located in the cell bogy

• a cluster of neurons is called

myelin sheath

dendrite

axon

cell nucleus

ganglia

• myelin sheath

• dendrite

• axon

• cell nucleus

• ganglia

Labelling

Match the following parts of a neuron

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Cell Nucleus

synapse

myelin sheath

dendrite

Labelling

Match the following parts of a neuron

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cell body

axon

terminal end fibers

​Types of Glial Cells

Astrocytes (literally means "star cells")
Hold neurons and small blood vessels together. Forms the Blood Brain Barrier
Microglia
Small cells that act as scavengers when the brain is damaged or inflamed
Oligodendrocytes
Hold nerve fibers together and produce myelin for the nerves in the CNS
Ependymal Cells
Produce cerebrospinal fluid

Match

Match the following function to the glial cells

• Forms the Blood Brain Barrier

• produce cerebrospinal fluid

• scavengers that clean up after brain damage

• Produce myelin for the CNS

astrocytes

ependymal

microglia

oligodendrocytes

• astrocytes

• ependymal

• microglia

• oligodendrocytes

Labelling

Match the function of the brain to the part of the brain

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

temporal lobe

frontal cortex

gyri

sight

parietal lobe

sulci

Labelling

Label the parts of the brain

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language and speech

thought process

occipital lobe

visual and spatial perception

Multiple Choice

This part of the brain controls body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions

• pons

• cerebellum

• cerebrum

• hypothalamus

• medulla oblongata

Multiple Choice

This part of the brain integrates and monitors pain impulses from the skin

• pons

• cerebellum

• thalamus

• hypothalamus

• medulla oblongata

Multiple Choice

This part of the brain controls balance and voluntary movements

• pons

• cerebellum

• cerebrum

• hypothalamus

• medulla oblongata

Multiple Choice

This part of the brain regulates blood vessels, the heart, and the respiratory system

• pons

• cerebellum

• cerebrum

• hypothalamus

• medulla oblongata

Multiple Choice

This part of the brain manages speech, vision, smell, movement, hearing, and thought

• pons

• cerebellum

• cerebrum

• hypothalamus

• medulla oblongata

Multiple Choice

This part of the brain houses nerves for the face and eyes

• pons

• cerebellum

• cerebrum

• hypothalamus

• medulla oblongata

Multiple Choice

Type of glial cell that transports water and salts from the capillaries to the nervous system

• acetylcholine

• afferent nerve

• arachnoid membrane

• astrocyte

• axon

Multiple Choice

nerves that carry involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs

• autonomic nervous system

• afferent nerve

• arachnoid membrane

• astrocyte

• axon

Multiple Choice

microscopic fiber that is part of a neuron and carries nervous impulse along a nerve cell

• acetylcholine

• afferent nerve

• arachnoid membrane

• astrocyte

• axon

Multiple Choice

middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

• acetylcholine

• afferent nerve

• arachnoid membrane

• astrocyte

• axon

Multiple Choice

neurotransmitter released at the end of nerve cells

• acetylcholine

• afferent nerve

• arachnoid membrane

• astrocyte

• axon

Multiple Choice

carries messages TOWARDS the brain and spinal cord.

• acetylcholine

• afferent nerve

• arachnoid membrane

• astrocyte

• axon

Multiple Choice

the brain and spinal cord

• cauda equina

• blood-brain barrier

• brainstem

• central nervous system (CNS)

• cell body

Multiple Choice

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

• cerebellum

• cerebrum

• cerebral cortex

• cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

• cell body

Multiple Choice

Largest part of the brain. Responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory

• cerebellum

• cerebrum

• cerebral cortex

• cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

• cell body

Multiple Choice

outer region of the cerebrum, contains sheets of nerve cells, grey matter of the brain

• cerebellum

• cerebrum

• cerebral cortex

• cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

• cell body

Multiple Choice

Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

• cerebellum

• cerebrum

• cerebral cortex

• cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

• cell body

Multiple Choice

protective separation between the blood and brain cells. This makes it difficult for substances to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain

• cauda equina

• blood-brain barrier

• brainstem

• central nervous system (CNS)

• cell body

Multiple Choice

part of the neuron that contains the nucleus

• cauda equina

• blood-brain barrier

• brainstem

• central nervous system (CNS)

• cell body

Multiple Choice

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

• cauda equina

• blood-brain barrier

• brainstem

• central nervous system (CNS)

• cell body

Multiple Choice

posterior part of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla o

• cauda equina

• blood-brain barrier

• brainstem

• central nervous system (CNS)

• cell body

Multiple Choice

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

• cranial nerves

• ganglion (plural ganglia)

• efferent nerve

• dura mater

• dendrite

Multiple Choice

Carries messages AWAY from the brain and spinal cord

• cranial nerves

• ependymal nerve

• efferent nerve

• dura mater

• dendrite

Multiple Choice

Glial cells that line membranes within the brain and spinal cord that help form cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

• cranial nerves

• ependymal nerve

• efferent nerve

• dura mater

• dendrite

Multiple Choice

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord. Name literally means "hard mother"

• cranial nerves

• ependymal nerve

• efferent nerve

• dura mater

• dendrite

Multiple Choice

Nerves carry messages to and from the brain to all parts of the head and neck (including the vagus nerve). There are 12 of these in all

• cranial nerves

• ependymal nerve

• efferent nerve

• dura mater

• dendrite

Multiple Choice

Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses

• glial cells

• gyrus

• medulla oblongate

• hypothalamus

• microglial cells

Multiple Choice

sheets of nerve cells that produce a round ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolutions

• glial cells

• gyrus

• medulla oblongate

• hypothalamus

• microglial cells

Multiple Choice

Phagocytic glial cells that remove waste products from the CNS

• glial cells

• gyrus

• medulla oblongate

• hypothalamus

• microglial cells

Multiple Choice

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions of the pituitary gland

• glial cells

• gyrus

• medulla oblongate

• hypothalamus

• microglial cells

Multiple Choice

Part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing and heartbeat, the size of blood vessels

• glial cells

• gyrus

• medulla oblongata

• hypothalamus

• microglial cells

Multiple Choice

carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord. Also called efferent nerves

• nerve

• neurotransmitter

• neuron

• midbrain

• motor nerve

Multiple Choice

covering if white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. These speed impulse conduction along axons

• nerve

• myelin sheath

• neuron

• midbrain

• motor nerve

Multiple Choice

nerve cell that is necessary for impulses to be carried throughout the nervous system

• nerve

• neurotransmitter

• neuron

• midbrain

• motor nerve

Multiple Choice

chemical messengers released at the end of a nerve cell.

• nerve

• neurotransmitter

• neuron

• midbrain

• motor nerve

Multiple Choice

uppermost portion of the brainstem

• nerve

• neurotransmitter

• neuron

• midbrain

• motor nerve

Multiple Choice

macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons) that carry electrical impulses

• nerve

• neurotransmitter

• neuron

• midbrain

• motor nerve

Multiple Choice

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

• parasympathetic nerves

• parenchyma

• peripheral nervous system (PNS)

• plexus

• pia mater

Multiple Choice

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

• parasympathetic nerves

• parenchyma

• peripheral nervous system (PNS)

• plexus

• pia mater

Multiple Choice

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

• parasympathetic nerves

• parenchyma

• peripheral nervous system (PNS)

• plexus

• pia mater

Multiple Choice

large interlacing network of nerves.

• parasympathetic nerves

• parenchyma

• peripheral nervous system (PNS)

• plexus

• pia mater

Multiple Choice

essential, distinguished tissue of any organ or system.

• parasympathetic nerves

• parenchyma

• peripheral nervous system (PNS)

• plexus

• pia mater

Multiple Choice

Involuntary autonomic nerves that regulate normal bodily functions like heart rate and breathing.

• parasympathetic nerves

• parenchyma

• peripheral nervous system (PNS)

• plexus

• pia mater

Multiple Choice

31 pairs of nerves arising from each side of the spinal cord

• sensory nerves

• stroma

• sciatic nerve

• spinal nerves

• stimulus (plural stimuli)

Multiple Choice

agent of change in the internal and external environment that evokes a response.

• sensory nerves

• stroma

• sciatic nerve

• spinal nerves

• stimulus (plural stimuli)

Multiple Choice

connective and supportive tissue of an organ; for example Glial cells

• sensory nerves

• stroma

• sciatic nerve

• spinal nerves

• stimulus (plural stimuli)

Multiple Choice

nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot

• sensory nerves

• stroma

• sciatic nerve

• spinal nerves

• stimulus (plural stimuli)

Multiple Choice

carries messages toward the spinal cord and brain; also called afferent nerves

• sensory nerves

• stroma

• sciatic nerve

• spinal nerves

• stimulus (plural stimuli)

Multiple Choice

Main relay center of the brain. It conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum

• vagus nerve

• thalamus

• sulcus (plural sulci)

• ventricles of the brain

• sympathetic nerves

Multiple Choice

depressions or grooves in the surface of the cerebral cortex; also called fissures

• vagus nerve

• thalamus

• sulcus (plural sulci)

• ventricles of the brain

• sympathetic nerves

Multiple Choice

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions in times of stress

• vagus nerve

• thalamus

• sulcus (plural sulci)

• ventricles of the brain

• sympathetic nerves

Multiple Choice

Tenth cranial nerve that branches to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach. Name literally means "wanderer".

• vagus nerve

• thalamus

• sulcus (plural sulci)

• ventricles of the brain

• sympathetic nerves

Multiple Choice

canals in the brain that contain CFS.

• vagus nerve

• thalamus

• sulcus (plural sulci)

• ventricles of the brain

• sympathetic nerves

Match

Match the following

• cerebellum

• cerebrum

• dura mater

• encephal/o

• gli/o

cerebell/o

cerebr/o

dur/o

brain

glial cells

• cerebell/o

• cerebr/o

• dur/o

• brain

• glial cells

Drag and Drop

The combining form for "thin, slender" is

Placeholder

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lept/o

mening/o, meningi/o

my/o

myel/o

neur/o

Drag and Drop

The combining form for "muscle" is

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

lept/o

mening/o, meningi/o

my/o

myel/o

neur/o

Drag and Drop

The combining form for "nerve" is

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

lept/o

mening/o, meningi/o

my/o

myel/o

neur/o

Drag and Drop

The combining form for "membranes or meninges" is

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

lept/o

mening/o, meningi/o

my/o

myel/o

neur/o

Drag and Drop

The combining form for "spinal cord" is

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

lept/o

mening/o, meningi/o

my/o

myel/o

neur/o

Multiple Choice

pont/o means

• nerve root

• pons

• thalamus

• sheath

• vagus nerve

Multiple Choice

vag/o means

• nerve root

• pons

• thalamus

• sheath

• vagus nerve

Multiple Choice

thalam/o means

• nerve root

• pons

• thalamus

• sheath

• vagus nerve

Multiple Choice

thec/o means

• nerve root

• pons

• thalamus

• sheath

• vagus nerve

Multiple Choice

radicul/o means

• nerve root

• pons

• thalamus

• sheath

• vagus nerve

Match

Match the following

• sensitivity to pain

• burining

• comat/o

• -esthesi/o, -esthesia

• kines/o, -kinesia

alges/o, -algesia

caus/o

deep sleep (coma)

feeling, nervous sensation

movement

• alges/o, -algesia

• caus/o

• deep sleep (coma)

• feeling, nervous sensation

• movement

Match

Match the following

• lex/o

• -paresis

• -kinesis, -kinetic

• -lespy

• -phasia

word, phrase

weakness

movement

seizure

speech

• word, phrase

• weakness

• movement

• seizure

• speech

Multiple Choice

-plegia

• paralysis

• action

• strength

• to cut off, cut short

• order, coordination

Multiple Choice

-syncop/o

• paralysis

• action

• strength

• to cut off, cut short

• order, coordination

Multiple Choice

-praxia

• paralysis

• action

• strength

• to cut off, cut short

• order, coordination

Multiple Choice

-sthenia

• paralysis

• action

• strength

• to cut off, cut short

• order, coordination

Multiple Choice

tax/o

• paralysis

• action

• strength

• to cut off, cut short

• order, coordination

Multiple Choice

Which term means nerve pain?

• cephalgia

• analgesia

• hypalglesia

• neuralgia

Congenital (present at birth) Nervous Disorders

Hydrocephalus (hydro=water, cephal=brain): abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain
Spina Bifida: congenital defects in the lumber spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts
Types of Spina Bifida
Spina Bifida Occulta: vertebral defect is covered over the skin and can be seen only with x-ray
Spina Bifida Cystica: vertebral defect forms with cyst-like protrusions.

Multiple Choice

Abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain is called..

• spina bifida cystica

• spina bifida occulta

• hydrocephalus

• epilepsy

Multiple Choice

Vertebral defect is covered over with skin and evident only on an x-ray

• spina bifida cystica

• spina bifida occulta

• hydrocephalus

• epilepsy

Multiple Choice

Vertebral defect with cyst-like protrusions

• spina bifida cystica

• spina bifida occulta

• hydrocephalus

• epilepsy

Degenerative, movement, and seizure disorders

• Alzheimer's disease (AD) Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning

• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain

• Epilepsy Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

• Huntington's Disease: Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration

• Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

• Myasthenia gravis (MG) Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

Degenerative, movement, and seizure disorders continues

• Palsy: Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)

• Parkinson's disease: Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

• Tourette Syndrome: Involuntary spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sound, and inappropriate words

Dropdown

Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning

Select answer

​

Dropdown

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

Select answer

​

Dropdown

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

Select answer

​

Dropdown

Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration

Select answer

​

Dropdown

Select answer

​ is Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

Dropdown

Select answer

​ is Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)

Dropdown

Select answer

​ is Involuntary spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sound, and inappropriate words

Dropdown

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem is called ​

Select answer

​

Dropdown

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity ​

Select answer

​

​Infectious Disorder of the Nervous System

herpes zoster (shingles): Viral infection of the peripheral nerves
Cause by herpes zoster virus, related to herpes varicella (chicken pox)
Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges
Can be cause by bacteria (pyogenic meningitis) or virus (viral meningitis)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) encephalopathy: Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS

Multiple Choice

Also called the shingles. It is a viral infection of the peripheral nerves

• meningitis

• herpes zoster

• HIV encephalopathy

• palsy

Multiple Choice

Brain disease and dementia associated with AIDS

• meningitis

• herpes zoster

• HIV encephalopathy

• palsy

Multiple Choice

Bruising of the brain resulting from direct trauma to the head

• Cerebral concussion

• cerebral contusion

• migraine

• Cerebrovascular accident

Multiple Choice

Temporary brain dysfunction after an injury with possibly no signs of brain tissue damage

• Cerebral concussion

• cerebral contusion

• migraine

• Cerebrovascular accident

Multiple Choice

Also known as a stroke (not in notes)

• Cerebral concussion

• cerebral contusion

• migraine

• Cerebrovascular accident

Multiple Choice

A severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

• Cerebral concussion

• cerebral contusion

• migraine

• Cerebrovascular accident

Match

Match the following cerebrovascular events to the best description

• Blood Clot in the arteries leading to the brain

• A dislodged clot travels to the cerebral arteries

• A blood breaks and bleeding occurs

Thrombotic

Embolic

Hemorrhagic

• Thrombotic

• Embolic

• Hemorrhagic

Match

Match the following

• ICP

• magnetic resonance angiography

• monitored anesthetic care

• magnetic resonance imaging

• lumbar puncture

intracranial pressure

MRA

MAC

MRI

LP

• intracranial pressure

• MRA

• MAC

• MRI

• LP

Match

Match the following

• AD

• ALS

• BBB

• CSN

• AFP

Alzheimers disease

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Blood Brain Barrier

central nervous system

alpha-fetoprotein

• Alzheimers disease

• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

• Blood Brain Barrier

• central nervous system

• alpha-fetoprotein

Match

Match the following

• 1/2 P

• PNS

• Sz

• tPA

• MS

hemiparesis

Peripheral nervous system

seizure

tissue plasminogen activator

multiple sclerosis

• hemiparesis

• Peripheral nervous system

• seizure

• tissue plasminogen activator

• multiple sclerosis

Match

Match the following

• transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

• traumatic brain injury

• temporal lobe epilepsy

• proton stereotactic radiosurgery

• positron emission tomography

TENS

TBI

TLE

PSRS

PET

• TENS

• TBI

• TLE

• PSRS

• PET