Chapter 2 Section 9 Lesson

Open Ended

What do you think makes up the 

nucleus of the atom?

Match

Match the following

• a neutral particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

• • either a proton or neutron in the nucleus of an atom. 

• the three kinds of particles that make up atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

• • atoms of the same element that have different masses due to a different number of neutrons.

• • the force of attraction between two bodies due to their masses.

neutron:

• nucleon:

subatomic particles:

• isotope:

• gravity:

• neutron:

• • nucleon:

• subatomic particles:

• • isotope:

• • gravity:

Match

Match the following

• a force that is associated with nuclear decay and is one of the four fundamental forces.

• an atom that has an unstable nucleus and will emit alpha, positron, or beta particles in order to achieve a more stable nucleus.

• nuclei of lighter atoms combining to form nuclei with greater mass and releasing a large amount of energy.

weak force:

radioactive:

fusion:

• weak force:

• radioactive:

• fusion:

Match

Match the following

• the process of breaking apart nuclei into smaller nuclei with the release of a large amount of energy.

• a process, such as fission, fusion, or radioactive decay, in which the structure of an atomic nucleus is altered through release of energy or mass or by being broken apart.

• the length of time it takes for half of any quantity of a given radioactive isotope to decay.

fission:

nuclear reaction:

half-life:

• fission:

• nuclear reaction:

• half-life:

Categorize

Options (12)

10 protons

10 neutrons

20 amu

4 protons

5 neutrons

9 amu

5 protons

11 amu

7 protons

14 amu

7 neutrons

6 neutrons

3 c. How many protons and neutrons would you expect to find in the nucleus of an atom of each of the following elements?

What is the atomic mass of the following elements?

neon

beryllium

boron

nitrogen

Categorize

Options (12)

6 neutrons

6 protons

12 amu

8 protons

8 neutrons

16 amu

9 protons

10 neutrons

19 amu

3 protons

4 neutrons

7 amu

3 c. How many protons and neutrons would you expect to find in the nucleus of an atom of each of the following elements:

carbon

oxygen

fluorine

lithium

Categorize

Options (12)

12 protons

12 neutrons

24.305 amu

17 protons

18 neutrons

35.4527 amu

11 protons

11 neutrons

23 amu

9 protons

10 neutrons

19 amu

4 a. and b. What are the number of protons, neutrons, and atomic masses of magnesium, chlorine, sodium, and fluorine?

magnesium

chlorine

sodium

fluorine

Drag and Drop

​ 5a) What isotopes (as indicated by their mass numbers) do you expect to account for the known atomic masses of magnesium?​ ​ ​

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12 protons + 12 neutrons = 24 amu

12 protons + 13 neutrons = 25 amu

13 protons + 11 neutrons = 24 amu

11 protons + 12 neutrons = 23 amu

13 protons + 12 neutrons = 25 amu

Drag and Drop

​ 5a) What isotopes (as indicated by their mass numbers) do you expect to account for the known atomic masses of sodium?​ ​ ​

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11 protons + 12 neutrons = 23 amu

11 protons + 13 neutrons = 25 amu

10 protons + 12 neutrons = 22 amu

11 protons + 11 neutrons = 22 amu

12 protons + 10 neutrons = 22 amu

Drag and Drop

​ 5a) What isotopes (as indicated by their mass numbers) do you expect to account for the known atomic masses of boron?​ ​ ​

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5 protons + 5 neutrons = 10 amu

5 protons + 6 neutrons = 11 amu

6 protons + 5 neutrons = 11 amu

4 protons + 5 neutrons = 9amu

6 protons + 6 neutrons = 12 amu

Drag and Drop

​ 5a) What isotopes (as indicated by their mass numbers) do you expect to account for the known atomic masses of beryllium?​ ​ ​

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4 protons + 6 neutrons = 10 amu

4 protons + 5 neutrons = 9 amu

5 protons + 3 neutrons = 8 amu

5 protons + 8 neutrons = 13 amu

5 protons + 4 neutrons = 9 amu

Drag and Drop

​ 5a) What isotopes (as indicated by their mass numbers) do you expect to account for the known atomic masses of hydrogen?​ ​ ​

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1 proton + 0 neutrons = 1 amu

1 proton + 1 neutron = 2 amu

2 protons + 1 neutron = 3 amu

2 protons + 2 neutrons = 4 amu

0 protons + 2 neutrons = 2 amu

Match

5b. Match the following isotopes to the correct number of neutrons:

8 neutrons

7 neutrons

4 neutrons

1 neutron

• 8 neutrons

• 7 neutrons

• 4 neutrons

• 1 neutron

Match

5b. Match the following isotopes to the correct number of protons:

7 protons

2 protons

3 protons

6protons

• 7 protons

• 2 protons

• 3 protons

• 6protons

Match

5b. Match the following isotopes to the correct number of amu:

15 amu

3 amu

7 amu

13 amu

• 15 amu

• 3 amu

• 7 amu

• 13 amu

Match

5b. Match the following isotopes to the correct number of neutrons:

7 neutrons

2 neutrons

3 neutrons

6 neutrons

• 7 neutrons

• 2 neutrons

• 3 neutrons

• 6 neutrons

Match

5b. Match the following isotopes to the correct number of protons:

7 protons

2 protons

3 protons

6 protons

• 7 protons

• 2 protons

• 3 protons

• 6 protons

Match

5b. Match the following isotopes to the correct amu:

14 amu

4 amu

6 amu

12 amu

• 14 amu

• 4 amu

• 6 amu

• 12 amu

Open Ended

1a. Record your observations.

Multiple Choice

1b. Is the force between the two strips of tape attractive or repulsive?

• Attractive
• Repulsive

Open Ended

2a. Make a second set of strips as in Step 1.

Predict what you think will happen if the two top strips are picked up, one from each set and brought toward each other. Record your prediction.

Open Ended

2b. Record your observations.

Multiple Choice

2c. Was the force attractive or repulsive?

• attractive
• repulsive

Open Ended

2d. Predict what you think will happen if the two bottom strips of tape are picked up and brought toward each other. Record your prediction.

Open Ended

2e. Record your observations.

Multiple Choice

2f. Was the force attractive or repulsive?

• attractive
• repulsive

Multiple Choice

3a. Is the force between two positive strips repulsive or attractive?

• attractive
• repulsive

Multiple Choice

3b. Is the force between two negative strips repulsive or attractive?

• attractive
• repulsive

Multiple Choice

3c. When a positive and a negative strip come near each other, is the force attractive or repulsive?

• attractive
• repulsive

Multiple Choice

4a. What kind of electric force (attractive or repulsive) exists between the nucleus of an atom and its electrons?

• repulsive

• attractive

Multiple Choice

4b. What kind of electric force exists between pairs of protons in the nucleus?

• repulsive

• attractive

Multiple Choice

5. 5a. Choose the coulomb electrostatic force for the following:

electron-proton

• attractive

• repulsive

• none

• strong-attractive

Multiple Choice

5. 5a. Choose the strong, nuclear force for the following:

electron-proton

• attractive

• repulsive

• none

• strong-attractive

Multiple Choice

5a. Choose the coulomb electrostatic force for the following:

electron-neutron

• attractive

• repulsive

• none

• strong-attractive

Multiple Choice

5a. Choose the strong nuclear force for the following:

electron-neutron

• attractive

• repulsive

• none

• strong-attractive

Multiple Choice

5a. Choose the coulomb electrostatic force for the following:

proton-proton

• attractive

• repulsive

• none

• strong-attractive

Multiple Choice

5a. Choose the strong, nuclear force for the following:

proton-proton

• attractive

• repulsive

• none

• strong-attractive

Multiple Choice

5a. Choose the coulomb electrostatic force for the following:

proton-neutron

• attractive

• repulsive

• none

• strong-attractive

Multiple Choice

5a. Choose the strong, nuclear force for the following:

proton-neutron

• attractive

• repulsive

• none

• strong-attractive

Multiple Choice

5a. Choose the coulomb electrostatic force for the following:

neutron-neutron

• attractive

• repulsive

• none

• strong-attractive

Multiple Choice

5a. Choose the strong, nuclear force for the following:

neutron-neutron

• attractive

• repulsive

• none

• strong-attractive

Multiple Choice

6a) What is the total mass number on each side?

• 236 amu

• 246 amu

• 372 amu

• 245 amu

Multiple Choice

6a) Is the mass number (the top number) conserved on both sides of the reaction?

• No
• Yes
• Sometimes
• Rarely

Multiple Choice

6b) What is the total atomic number on each side?

• 92

• 42
• 24
• 18

Multiple Choice

6b) Is the atomic number (the bottom number) conserved on both sides of the reaction?

• Yes

• No

• Sometimes

• Rarely

Multiple Choice

6c) Why does the neutron have a mass number of 1?

• The neutron has a mass number of 1 because it is made up of 1 proton and 1 electron.
• The neutron has a mass number of 1 because it is the lightest subatomic particle.
• The neutron has a mass number of 1 because it has almost the same mass value as a proton.

• The neutron has a mass number of 1 because it is the most stable subatomic particle.

Multiple Choice

6d) Why is the atomic number of a neutron equal to 0?

• Neutrons do not have a charge.
• Neutrons are composed of protons.
• Neutrons have an atomic number of 1.
• Neutrons have a positive charge.

Multiple Choice

7a) Is the atomic mass number conserved on both sides of the reaction?

• Rarely
• Sometimes
• No, the mass is different on both sides.

• Yes, the mass on both sides is 6.

Multiple Choice

7b) Is the atomic number conserved on both sides of the reaction?

• Only in certain reactions
• No, the atomic number on both sides is different.

• Sometimes
• Yes, the atomic number on both sides is 4.

Multiple Choice

8a) Which shows how a proton (charge = +1) can be made up of a combination of up and down quarks?

• Proton = down quark + down quark + up quark
• Proton = up quark + down quark + strange quark
• Proton = up quark + up quark + down quark

• Proton = charm quark + charm quark + strange quark

Multiple Choice

8b) Which shows how a neutron (charge = 0) can be made up of a combination of up and down quarks?

• Neutron = up quark + up quark + up quark

• Neutron = down quark + down quark + down quark

• Neutron = down quark + down quark + up quark

• Neutron = up quark + up quark + down quark

Open Ended

what additional features do you see that demonstrate you have a better understanding of chemistry?

Open Ended

At the beginning of the section, you were asked the following:

What do you think makes up the nucleus of the atom?

You now know that the nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons. Protons repel protons and neutrons are neutral. 

Then why is the nucleus so small and why doesn’t it

just fall apart? Explain this in terms of the electrostatic force and strong nuclear force.