CCP Medical Term Chapter 13 The Blood System

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Whole blood is …

● 55% Plasma
Although plasma is mostly water, these substances are found in it
sugars
salts
proteins
hormones
lipids
vitamins

●45% Formed Elements
These include
Erythrocytes cells (red blood cells)
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Thrombocytes (platelets)

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phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection

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phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections

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control the immune response; make antibodies to respond to antigens

Multiple Choice

Contains heparin (prevents blood clotting) and histamine (involved in allergic responses

• eosinophils

• monocytes

• lymphocytes

• basophils

Multiple Choice

phagocytic cells that become macrophages and digest bacteria and tissue debris

• eosinophils

• monocytes

• lymphocytes

• basophils

Categorize

Options (7)

erythrocytes

leukocytes

thrombocytes

water

proteins

lipids

vitamins

Organize these options into the right categories

formed elements

plasma

Match

Match the following

• red blood cells that transport nutrients and oxygen

• platelets that clot blood

• white blood cells

erythrocytes

thrombocytes

leukocytes

• erythrocytes

• thrombocytes

• leukocytes

Types of Plasma Proteins

Albumin: maintain the proper portion of water in the blood
Globulins: Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE)
antibodies which bind to and destroy antigens (foreign substances)
Fibrinogen: a clotting protein
Prothrombin: a clotting protein

Two main systems of blood typing

1.

ABO

2.

Rh

Types are identified by certain antigen molecules on the plasma membrane
surfaces of RBCs

Antigen: a substance that can stimulate the body to produce antibodies.

Antibodies: foreign molecules/viruses/bacteria are attacked by antibodies

Agglutination: when an antibody reacts with antigen, they clump together

ABO System

Every person is one of the following types of blood

1.

Type A

2.

Type B

3.

Type AB

4.

Type O

How this works.

You have Type A blood

●A is a certain type of Antigen on your RBC

●Because of this, your body does not make type A antibodies (anti-A antibodies)

●Instead, it makes anti-B antibodies

●If type A antibodies (anti-A) interact with Antigen A = agglutination will occur

Types B, O, and AB

Type B

●RBCs in blood have Antigen B and Antibody A in their plasma

Type AB

●RBCs have both types of Antigen, but plasma contains neither Antibody A or
Antibody B

●This is known as a universal recipient

Type O

●RBCs have neither Antigen A or Antigen B

●But Type O has both antibodies

●This is known as a universal donor

Multiple Choice

If someone who has Type A blood is transfused with type A antibody

• The blood is a perfect match

• Agglutination will occur. Blood will clump causing a clot

Rh System

Rh: another antigen

Rh-positive: blood has Rh antigen

Rh-negative: RBCs do not have the Rh antigens on their surface

Rh positive and Rh negative blood cannot mix (agglutination)

Hemolytic Anemia

●Also called erythroblastosis fetalis

●May occur when mom is Rh+ and dad is Rh- (or vice versa)

●If baby has dad’s Rh trait, mom will make antibodies against this blood.

Combined ABO-Rh system

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blood clotting

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a method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

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a substance that stimulates production of an antibody

Match

Match the following

• Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens.

• the change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

• orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

• white blood cells that contain granules that stain blue. Release histamine and heparin

• protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells

antibody (Ab)

differentiation

bilirubin

basophil

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

• antibody (Ab)

• differentiation

• bilirubin

• basophil

• colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

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a protein in blood that maintains the proper amount of water in blood

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a red blood cell

Multiple Choice

An immature red blood cells is called a

• erythrocyte

• hemoglobin

• erythroblast

• erythropoietin (EPO)

• fibrin

Multiple Choice

a hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell formation

• erythrocyte

• hemoglobin

• erythroblast

• erythropoietin (EPO)

• fibrin

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protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

Match

Match the following

• plasma protein that is converted into fibrin in the clotting process

• white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules; includes eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils

• white blood cell containing granules that are stained red; associated with allergic reactions

• cells in the bone marrow that give rise all types of blood cells

• a plasma protein

fibrinogen

granulocyte

eosinophils

hematopoietic stem cell

globulin

• fibrinogen

• granulocyte

• eosinophils

• hematopoietic stem cell

• globulin

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anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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large platelet precursor cell found in bone marrow

Multiple Choice

protein (a globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD

• immunoglobulin

• monocyte

• macrophage

• hemolysis

• lymphocyte

Match

Match the following

• mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

• response of the immune system to foreign invaders

• a white blood cell

• blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

• destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells)

lymphocyte

immune reaction

leukocyte

hemoglobin

hemolysis

• lymphocyte

• immune reaction

• leukocyte

• hemoglobin

• hemolysis

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Monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces; as a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris; destroys worn out RBCs

Match

Match the following

• pertaining to a white blood cells with multi-shaped nucleus, like neutrophils

• removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge

• pertaining to cell (leukocyte) with single round nucleus

• immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes

• a small blood fragment important in clotting

polymorphonuclear

plasmapheresis

mononuclear

myoblast

platelet

• polymorphonuclear

• plasmapheresis

• mononuclear

• myoblast

• platelet

Multiple Choice

Granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow; polymorphonuclear leukocyte

• monocyte

• neutrophil

• prothrombin

• plasma

Multiple Choice

leukocyte with one large nucleus, engulfs foreign material and debris becomes a macrophage

• monocyte

• neutrophil

• prothrombin

• plasma

Multiple Choice

plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

• monocyte

• neutrophil

• prothrombin

• plasma

Multiple Choice

liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients. lipids, hormones, and vitamins

• monocyte

• neutrophil

• prothrombin

• plasma

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An immature erythrocyte

Multiple Choice

Antigen on red blood cells of Ph positive (Rh⁺) individuals

• reticulocyte
• reticulocyte

• Rh Factor

• thrombin

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enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

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unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms

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plasma minus clotting proteins and cells

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platelet

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chrom/o means

Match

Match the following

• red

• cell

• base

• clotting

• red, dawn, rosy

erythr/o

cyt/o

bas/o

coagulo

eosin/o

• erythr/o

• cyt/o

• bas/o

• coagulo

• eosin/o

Multiple Select

Which of the following mean "blood"?

• granul/o

• hem/o

• hemat/o

• hemoglobin

Dropdown

is/o is the combining form for

Select answer

Dropdown

hemoglobin/o is the combining form for ​

Select answer

Dropdown

granul/o is the combining form for

Select answer

Dropdown

kary/o is the combining form for

Select answer

Match

Match the following

• mon/o

• neutr/o

• nucle/o

• morph/o

• leuk/o

one

neutral

nucleus

shape, form

white

• one

• neutral

• nucleus

• shape, form

• white

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The combining form myel/o means

Match

Match the following

• to eat, swallow

• iron

• clot

• globe, round

• varied, irregular

phag/o

sider/o

thromb/o

spher/o

poikil/o

• phag/o

• sider/o

• thromb/o

• spher/o

• poikil/o

Suffixes

-apheresis = removal, carrying away
-blast = immature or embryonic cell
-cyte = cell
-cytosis = abnormal cell condition
-emia = blood condition
-gen = giving rise to, producing
-globin = protein
-globulin = protein
-lytic = pertaining to destruction

Multiple Select

Which of the following suffixes mean protein?

• -globin

• -cytosis

• -apheresis

• -emia

• -globulin

Multiple Choice

Which suffix means a blood condition

• -globin

• -cytosis

• -apheresis

• -emia

• -globulin

Multiple Choice

Which suffix means a cell condition

• -globin

• -cytosis

• -apheresis

• -emia

• -globulin

Multiple Choice

Which suffix means removal, carrying away?

• -globin

• -cytosis

• -apheresis

• -emia

• -globulin

Multiple Choice

-cyte is the suffix for...

• protein

• cell

• immature or embryonic cell

• giving rise to, producing

• pertaining to destruction

Multiple Choice

-blast is the suffix for...

• protein

• cell

• immature or embryonic cell

• giving rise to, producing

• pertaining to destruction

Multiple Choice

-lytic is the suffix for...

• protein

• cell

• immature or embryonic cell

• giving rise to, producing

• pertaining to destruction

Multiple Choice

-gen is the suffix for...

• protein

• cell

• immature or embryonic cell

• giving rise to, producing

• pertaining to destruction

Suffixes

-oid = derived, related to, or originating from
-osis = abnormal condition
-penia = deficiency
-phage = eat, swallow
-philia = attraction for
-phoresis = carrying, transmission
-poiesis = formation
-stasis = stop, control

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The suffix for carrying, transmission is

-

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The suffix for formation is

-

Match

Match the following suffixes

• -oid

• -stasis

• -penia

• -philia

• -osis

derived, related to, or originating from

stop, control

deficiency

attraction for

abnormal condition

• derived, related to, or originating from

• stop, control

• deficiency

• attraction for

• abnormal condition

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A reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

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excess iron deposits throughout the body

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an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, leading to hypochromia

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general increase in red blood cells

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lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

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failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells

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hereditary disorder of abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shape erythrocytes and hemolysis

​Types of Leukemia

Acute myelogenous leukemia:
Immature granulocytes are predominant
Platelet and erythrocytes are diminished because of replacement in bone marrow of granulocytes
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Immature lymphocytes are predominant
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
both mature and premature are present in large numbers in bone marrow and blood
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Abnormal numbers of mature lymphocytes dominate the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.
Most common form that affects the elderly

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abnormal increase in granulocytes in blood

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an infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes

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malignant neoplasm of bone marrow. Malignant cells destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins

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multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Match

Match the following

• excessive bleeding caused by a lack of one of the protein substances necessary for clotting

• Immature lymphocytes are predominant

• Abnormal numbers of mature lymphocytes dominate the marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.

• Immature granulocytes are predominant
  Platelet and erythrocytes are diminished because of replacement in bone marrow of granulocytes

• both mature and premature are present in large numbers in bone marrow and blood

hemophilia

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Acute myelogenous leukemia

chronic myelogenous leukemia

• hemophilia

• Acute lymphocytic leukemia

• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

• Acute myelogenous leukemia

• chronic myelogenous leukemia

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Ab is the symbol for

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The symbol for the 4 main blood types (A, B, AB, and O) is

Match

Match the following

• autologous bone marrow transplantation

• bone marrow transplantation

• autologous stem cell transplantation

• absolute neutrophil count

• immature white blood cells

ABMT

BMT

ASCT

ANC

banda

• ABMT

• BMT

• ASCT

• ANC

• banda

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baso in the abbreviation for..

Multiple Choice

The abbreviation ALL is short for

• acute myelogenous leukemia

• acute lymphocytic leukemia

• almost low leukocytes

• acute lower lymphoma

Multiple Choice

The abbreviation AML is short for

• acute myelogenous leukemia

• acute lymphocytic leukemia

• almost low leukocytes

• acute lower lymphoma

Match

Match the following

• disseminated intravascular coagulation

• chronic lymphoid leukemia

• chronic myeloid leukemia

• differential count (white blood cells)

• erythrocyte sedimentation rate

DIC

CLL

CML

diff

ESR

• DIC

• CLL

• CML

• diff

• ESR

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EPO

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EBV

-

Fill in the Blank

CBC

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CBC

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Fe

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Hct

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human leukocyte antigen

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HGB or Hgb

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IgS, IgD, IgF, IgG, IgM

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lymphs

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Polys, PMNs, PMNLs

Multiple Choice

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

• MCV

• MCH

• MCHC

• Mm³

• mono

Multiple Choice

monocyte

• MCV

• MCH

• MCHC

• Mm³

• mono

Multiple Choice

millimeters cubes

• MCV

• MCH

• MCHC

• Mm³

• mono

Multiple Choice

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

• MCV

• MCH

• MCHC

• Mm³

• mono

Multiple Choice

mean corpuscular volume

• MCV

• MCH

• MCHC

• Mm³

• mono

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Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer

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segmented, mature white blood cells

Match

Match the following

• red blood cell or red blood cell count

• white blood cell or white blood cell count

• partial thromboplastin time

• within normal limits

• prothrombin time

RBC

WBC

PTT

WNL

PT, pro time

• RBC

• WBC

• PTT

• WNL

• PT, pro time

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erythrocyte sedimentation rate