the wonders of space

Multiple Choice

What does Waxing mean?

• The light is on the left side of the moon and getting smaller

• The light is on the right side of the moon and getting bigger

• There is a full moon

• DANIEL SAN! Wax on Wax off!

The Earth's Interior

~ Layers of our planet ~

Multiple Choice

____________ is the outermost system which is an invisible layer of gases that surround the planet.

• biosphere

• hydrosphere

• geosphere

• atmosphere

Multiple Select

Galaxies are colossal collections of stars, gas & dust held together by _____.

• space/time

• gravity

• black holes

• dark matter

Multiple Choice

Younger stars that orbit the galactic bulge are located in the

• Halo regions.

• galactic disk.

• galactic bulge.

• density waves.

Multiple Choice

What is the atmosphere made of?

• Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Trace gases

• Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Helium

• Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Trace gases

• Nitrogen and Oxygen

Multiple Choice

The area of the galaxy that has the most dense stars surrounding a supermassive black hole.

• Halo region

• galactic bulge

• galactic disk

• spiral density arms

INSTRUCTIONS

• Create a Google Doc

• Copy all text in blue; these are your notes (this information will be important for the next few chapters)

Multiple Choice

The area where faint, old stars exists that surrounds the disk & bulge.

• Halo region

• galactic bulge

• galactic disk

• spiral density regions

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the atmosphere?

• Troposphere

• Mesosphere

• Biosphere

• Stratosphere

Multiple Choice

Globular clusters exist in this region just outside of the galaxy.

• Halo region

• galactic bulge

• galactic disk

• spiral density regions

Multiple Choice

What does Waning mean?

• The light is on the left side of the moon and getting smaller

• The light is on the right side of the moon and getting bigger

• There is a half moon

• It's waning outside

Multiple Choice

Our Sun and solar system are located

• near the edge of the Milky Way.

• about 2/3 from the center of the Milky Way.

• near the middle of the Milky Way.

• near the galactic bulge.

Multiple Choice

If you climbed a mountain, what would you expect the temperature to do?

• decrease (get colder)

• increase (get warmer)

• stay the same

Multiple Choice

The ancient Greeks named the Milky Way after comparing it to

• a Greek god.

• the candy bar.

• a milky white river.

• an ancient galaxy that existed a long time ago.

Learning Objectives:

Identify the layers of Earth and their unique characteristics

Explain how geologists learn about Earth's inner structures

Multiple Choice

The Milky Way measures ____ light years in length.

• 26,000

• 1 million

• 1000

• 100 thousand

Multiple Choice

Which layer of the atmosphere do we live in?

• Troposphere

• Stratosphere

• Mesosphere

• Exosphere

Multiple Choice

The Milky Way only measures about ____ light years in thickness.

• 100

• 100,000

• 1000

• 1 million

Multiple Choice

Figuring out what the Milky Way looks like is difficult because

• we live outside of it.

• it is impossible to send a space probe that far.

• we live inside of it.

• it is full of dark matter.

Multiple Choice

Which Earth system includes all of Earth's water?

• Geosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Biosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Select

The Milky Way galaxy is thought to be a(n)

• spiral galaxy

• barred spiral galaxy.

• elliptical galaxy.

• irregular galaxy.

Features of Earth's Layers

• Today we know that Earth's interior is made up of three main parts:

• The crust, mantle, & core

• ** Each layer varies greatly in size, composition, temperature, and pressure

Multiple Choice

Our Sun and solar system lies within the ____ arm of the Milky Way galaxy.

• Cygnus

• Perseus

• Sagittarius

• Orion

Multiple Choice

Where is most of Earth's water located?

• Oceans

• Lakes

• Ponds

• Swamps

Multiple Choice

Variable stars are stars that fluctuate in

• size.

• magnetic field strength.

• temperature.

• brightness.

Multiple Choice

What does it mean when there is a crescent?

• Majority of the moon is lit up (75%)

• It means there is a gibbous moon present

• Only a sliver (small amount) of the moon is lit up (25%)

• It actually means croissant moon

Multiple Select

Astronomers use the period-luminosity of variable stars to help

• determine the age of our galaxy.

• determine galactic distances.

• determine the size of our galaxy.

• discover supernovae.

Multiple Choice

What is a reservoir?

• A natural location where water is stored

• An underground hide out

• A plant eating dinosaur

• A layer of the hydrosphere

Multiple Choice

These type of clusters with variable stars orbit the Milky Way and other galaxies.

• open clusters

• closed clusters

• globular clusters

• stellar associations

Pressure

The deeper inside Earth, the greater the mass of the rock that is pressing down from above. This creates pressure. The deeper down inside the Earth, the greater the pressure is.

Multiple Choice

Variable stars include short period RR Lyrae & longer period Cepheids.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Where is most of Earth's freshwater located?

• Oceans

• Lakes

• Glaciers and Ice Caps

• Groundwater

Multiple Choice

Stars that are located in the galactic disk move

• in mostly random orbits.

• in retrograde orbits.

• in mostly stable or orderly orbits.

• around less massive black holes.

Multiple Choice

What was the name of the large planet-sized object that hit Earth, creating the moon?

• Freya

• Theia

• Moon Moon

Multiple Choice

Stars that are located in the Halo regions of the galaxy orbit

• in random or disorderly motions.

• around black holes.

• in stable or orderly motions.

• in binary systems.

Multiple Choice

Which Earth system includes only the solid part of Earth?

• Geosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Biosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

The Sun takes about ____ million years to orbit the galaxy once (or a galactic year).

• 100

• 225

• 300

• 425

Temperature

The mass of rock that presses down and causes this pressure also affects the temperature inside the Earth. The temperature inside the Earth increases as depth increases. The intense pressures squeeze rocks together and releases energy from radioactive substances.

_{**watch pool video before next slide}

Multiple Choice

Halo stars are very young and most likely formed before the Milky Way took shape.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of rock?

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Isoceles

• Sedimentary

Multiple Choice

What does it mean when there is a gibbous moon?

• Majority of the moon is lit up (75%)

• It means there is a croissant moon present

• Only a sliver (small amount) of the moon is lit up (25%)

• IT means there is a crescent moon present

Multiple Choice

In order to classify as a mineral you must have which characteristic?

• naturally occuring

• inorganic solid

• crystal structure

• all of the above are correct

Open Ended

How is the water in a swimming pool similar to Earth's Interior? How is it different?

Multiple Choice

Which part of the geosphere is liquid?

• Crust

• Mantle

• Outer Core

• Inner Core

Multiple Choice

How are minerals identified?

• color

• streak

• luster

• all of the above

The Crust

• Outermost and thinnest layer of Earth

• 2 types of crust - Continental and Oceanic

• Composed mostly of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum

Multiple Choice

Which Earth system includes the crust, mantle, and the core?

• Geosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Biosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

What does the new moon look like?

• There is a gibbous present during new moons

• It looks like a crescent moon

• It looks just like a full moon

• It is not visible

Multiple Choice

What do the geosphere and the hydrosphere have in common?

• They both include water.

• They both only include non-living things.

• They both are man-made.

• None of these are correct

The Crust

• Usually between 3-25 miles thick (5-40 km)

• Can be as thick as 80 km under mountains and very thin beneath the ocean

Multiple Choice

Which Earth system includes living things?

• Geosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Biosphere

• Atmosphere

Multiple Choice

The moon's craters are formed from

• oceans

• meteor impacts

• hardened lava

• oxygen

Multiple Choice

Earth is a simple system made of rocks

• True

• False

Oceanic Crust

• The part of the crust that lies beneath the ocean is called oceanic crust

• It is made of basalt, which typically forms from cooling lava

Multiple Choice

Most of Earth is covered by one large ocean.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is this moon phase?

• Waning Crescent

• Waxing Crescent

• Waxing Gibbous

• Waning Gibbous

Multiple Choice

Earth's interior is made of distinct layers.

• True

• False

Continental Crust

• Continental crust is what forms all of Earths' land masses

• Depending on the location, the composition varies greatly

• Overall, it is mostly types of granite

Multiple Choice

What is this moon phase?

• Waning Crescent

• Waxing Crescent

• Waxing Gibbous

• Waning Gibbous

The Mantle

The mantle is made of very hot rock, but still solid. It is nearly 3,000 km thick, and we divide it into 3 main layers based on physical characteristics.

Lithosphere

• The crust and upper part of the mantle have very similar compositions

• We group them together into a single layer called the lithosphere

• Averages about 100 km thick

Multiple Choice

What is this moon phase?

• 2nd quarter moon

• Waxing Gibbous

• 1st quarter moon

• 5th quarter moon

Asthenosphere

• A soft layer beneath the lithosphere

• Material is hotter and under higher pressure

• This layer can bend and "flow" like a melted plastic, but is still solid

Poll

What does the moon look like?

Mesosphere

• This layer is hotter but more stiff than the asthenosphere

• This is due to the increasingly high pressure

• Includes the lowest part of the mantle and part of Earth's core

Multiple Select

What moons phase is this?

• Full Moon

• 3rd quarter moon

• 2nd quarter moon

• Da big moon fo today

The Core

• The core is made mostly of the dense metals, iron and nickel.

• Consists of 2 layers: the outer and inner core

• Total radius = 3,480 km

Outer Core

• A layer of molten metal surrounding the inner core

• The intense heat causes the metals to melt, making this layer a liquid

• 2,258 km thick

Multiple Choice

What moon phase is this?

• Waning Crescent

• Waxing Gibbous

• Waning Crescent

• Waning Gibbous

Inner Core

• A dense ball of solid metal

• This section is so dense and under so much pressure, the atoms in the metals can not melt and stay solid

• 1,222 km thick

The Core and Earth's Magnetic Field

Scientists believe that movements inside the liquid outer core create the magnetic field around the Earth

Multiple Choice

What moon phase is this?

• Waning Croissant

• Waxing Gibbous

• Waning Crescent

• Waning Gibbous

Multiple Choice

What moon phase is this? 

• waxing crescent
• waxing gibbous
• waning crescent
• waning gibbous

Multiple Choice

What moon phase is this?

• 1st quarter moon

• Waning Crescent

• 3rd quarter moon

• Moon?

Multiple Choice

What moon phase is this? 

• first quarter
• third quarter
• waxing crescent
• waning crescent

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order of the moon phases starting from the beginning?

• New moon, waning crescent, 1st quarter, waning gibbous, 2nd quarter, waxing gibbous, 3rd quarter, waxing crescent

• New moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, 2nd quarter, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waning crescent

• The order of the phases doesn't matter because the moon does not follow any patterns

• Full moon, 1st quarter, 2nd quarter, 3rd quarter, waxing crescent, waning crescent, waxing gibbous, waning gibbous

Multiple Choice

What moon phase is this? 

• new moon 
• full moon
• waxing crescent
• waning crescent

Multiple Choice

How many days are in between each moon phase?

• About 3.5 Days

• About 5 days

• About 24 hours

• About 7 days

Multiple Choice

How many days until the Crescent Moon is present after the New Moon

• 1 week

• 3.5 days

• 7 days

• 6 days

Multiple Choice

Approximately how many days are there total from New Moon to the next New Moon? (How many days for the cycle to repeat?)

• 36 days

• 28 days

• 14 days

• 20 days

Multiple Choice

What will be the next moon phase after this one?

• Waxing Crescent

• 1st quarter

• Waxing Gibbous

• Waxing a Croissant

Multiple Choice

What will be the next moon phase after this one?

• New Moon

• Waning Crescent

• Waxing Gibbous

• DreamWorks Studio Logo

Multiple Choice

What will be the moon after this one?

• Waning Gibbous

• 3rd Quarter

• Waxing Gibbous

• 2nd Quarter moon

Poll

How is your day today?

Open Ended

What is one thing you learned about the moon after this lesson?

Open Ended

What questions do you still have about the moon?