ICT Unit 7.5 Living with AI - Digital data

7.5. Living with AI: Digital data

1. Software & Artificial Intelligence
2. AI Applications
3. Designing your own AI
4. Processing data: Bitmap & Vector graphics
5. Processing data: Sound & Text
6. Making decisions: Logic gates

1. Software & Artifical Intelligence

electronic device that can help users complete tasks

i.e. Alexa plays music, Siri search the internet, etc.

​Digital assistant

Digital device & AI

intelligent computers that can mimic the way humans think and make decisions

​Artificial intelligence

Digital device & AI

Self-monitoring, Analysis and Reporting technology → automate action using AI

​SMART technology

Digital device & AI

​Automate: machine functions/works on their own (auto) → reduce human monitoring

Systems software

 software that runs the hardware and software (i.e.operating system)

Operating system

systems software that manages the hardware and software of a device (i.e. Windows, MacOX)

displays

Hardware

Systems software

How systems software works?

boots

User interface

User interface: visible icons/images/letters that appear on a computer screen → allow user to interact with computer

 applications for user-relate tasks

Applications software

Integrated apps: applications software that have similar user interface; often comes in a package

2. AI Applications

 website designed to search for content based on keywords
(i.e. Google, Cốc Cốc, etc)

Search engine

AI in daily life

computer program detects junk mail (unwanted mail) and remove it from mail box

Spam filter

AI in daily life

computers comparing similarities in lines, colors, shapes of images to identify objects

Image recognition

AI in daily life

​https://quickdraw.withgoogle.com/

Virus/malware detection: Analyse user actvity over time → notice unusual activity → alert user

Cyber security

AI in industry

Chatbots: user sends question to chatbot → chatbot automates response to answer question/help make booking

Booking

AI in industry

Cookies: a text file (contain only letters) to store information about user → companies analyse cookies to produce better ads

Advertising

AI in industry

Automation: machines automatically (without human intervention) add information to canned foods

Manufacturing

AI in industry

• Expensive to develop

• Replace workers → unemployment

• No emotional connection

Cons

• Reduction in errors

• Available 24 hrs/day

• Faster decision making

• Help with all areas of life

Pros

AI Pros & Cons

3. Design your own AI

Steps to design an AI system

• Input: how data will be supplied/entered into device

• Process: how data will be processed/analysed

• Output: how results will be shown to user

Types of input

Using sensors: device that can gather data from surrounding to record or response from

Sensor	​Data it collects	​Application in
Temperature	​Measures change in temperature	​Intelligent body temperature dectection systems in hospitals

Sensor	​Data it collects	​Application in
Proximity	​Measure of how close things are to each other	​Driverless cars detect nearby cars to keep appropriate distance

Sensor	​Data it collects	​Application in
Humidity	​Measure of how close things are to each other	​Driverless cars detect nearby cars to keep appropriate distance

Sensor	​Data it collects	​Application in
Infrared	​Measures amount of heat given off by object	​Network to detect animals’ presence from their heat

Open Ended

PART 1: Identify one digital device that you are familiar with that uses sensors.

Device: ______

Type of sensors use in that device:______

Open Ended

PART 2: Describe the INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT of your chosen device

4. Processing data: Image & Vector graphics

Immediate conversion to digital data

Uses photographic film

Analogue vs. Digital camera

Scanned --> converted to binary for computer to read

HOW CAN AN ANALOGUE IMAGE BE CONVERTED TO A DIGITAL IMAGE? 

Bitmap graphics!!

• It is stored as tiny dots - pixels (picture element)

• Pixels are organised as a grid on a screen

• Resolution: number of pixels making up an image (measured in pixels per inch - ppi)

  Higher resolution → better quality of image

How bitmap graphics work

Example:
Each pixel is only coloured black or white

0 = white and 1 = black

Colour depth of 1 = only 1 bit represents 1 colour

Total number of pixels:
10 pixels wide x 10 pixels high = 100 pixels

Total number of bits:
100 pixels x 1 bit (colour depth) = 100 bits

Vector vs. Bitmap graphics

Vector graphic: digital image made from a series of objects placed on a screen

5. Processing data: Sound & text

part of computer that carries out instructions

Processor

Microphone detects alarming sounds (sirens of emergency vehicles)

Processor turns analogue sound to binary format to analyse --> decide on output

Example: driverless cars

Alarm message sent to vehicle's screen
--> alarm driver of strange sound

Sound: Analogue to digital

Analogue to digital converter: a computer processor that turns sound from surrounding environment into binary data

Type data into AI system --> data must be converted to binary format

Each letter on key board is represented by a set of 8 binary numbers

Text to binary

ASCII conversion table

Text to binary

6. Making decisions: Logic gates

A physical device or a circuit that processes one or more input signals to produce ONE output signal.

Logic gate

What are logic gates?

A combination of logic gates used to carry out complex operations.

Input to and output from is provided using electricity.
Electricity can be turned ON/OFF -> represented by 1/0.

Logic circuit

What are logic gates?

statement that is checked to determine whether it is true or false

Condition

Boolean logic

a form of algebra where all values are reduced to either TRUE (1) or FALSE (0)

Boolean logic

a data type with only 2 values: TRUE or FALSE

Boolean value

Logic gates use boolean logic to run!

a logic gate that accepts two inputs and will output a 1 (True) only if BOTH inputs are 1.

Definition

AND logic gate

​INPUT A	​INPUT B	​OUTPUT
0	0​	0​
​1	0​	0​
​0	​1	0​
1​	1​	1​

a logic gate that accepts two inputs and will output a 1 (True) if either one of the inputs is 1.

Definition

OR logic gate

​INPUT A	​INPUT B	​OUTPUT
0	0​	0​
​1	0​	1
​0	​1	1​
1​	1​	1​

a logic gate that accepts only one input
the output will always be OPPOSITE to the input

Definition

NOT logic gate

​INPUT A	​OUTPUT
0	1
​1	0​

Example:
If you are in the house (1), alarm system turns off (0).
If you are not in the house (0), alarm system turns on (1).

A route that electricity can flow around.

Electric circuit is created when the output of one logic gate can be used as input from another logic gate.

Electric circuit

What are electric cicuits?

Multiple Choice

Logic gate

• A route that electricity can flow around.

• A combination of logic gates used to carry out complex operations.

• A physical device or a circuit that processes one or more input signals to produce ONE output signal.

• statement that is checked to determine whether it is true or false

Multiple Choice

Electric circuit

• A route that electricity can flow around.

• A combination of logic gates used to carry out complex operations.

• A physical device or a circuit that processes one or more input signals to produce ONE output signal.

• statement that is checked to determine whether it is true or false

Multiple Choice

Logic circuit

• A route that electricity can flow around.

• A combination of logic gates used to carry out complex operations.

• A physical device or a circuit that processes one or more input signals to produce ONE output signal.

• statement that is checked to determine whether it is true or false

Multiple Choice

Boolean logic

• A route that electricity can flow around.

• a form of algebra where all values are reduced to either TRUE (1) or FALSE (0)

• a data type with only 2 values: TRUE or FALSE

• statement that is checked to determine whether it is true or false

Multiple Choice

Boolean value

• A route that electricity can flow around.

• a form of algebra where all values are reduced to either TRUE (1) or FALSE (0)

• a data type with only 2 values: TRUE or FALSE

• statement that is checked to determine whether it is true or false

Multiple Choice

NOT logic gate can have more than one input.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

AND logic gate:

Input A = 0

Input B = 1

Output = ?

• 1

• 0

• both

Multiple Choice

OR logic gate:

Input A = 1

Input B = 0

Output = ?

• 1

• 0

• both

Multiple Choice

OR logic gate:

Input A = 1

Input B = 1

Output = ?

• 1

• 0

• both

Multiple Choice

AND and OR logic gate can have more than one input.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

NOT logic gate gives output _____ to input.

• similar

• opposite

• unrelated

• different

Multiple Choice

Artificial intelligence

•  intelligent computers that can mimic the way humans think and make decisions

• functions/works on their own to reduce human monitoring

• electronic device that can help users complete tasks

• aspects of a computer that you cannot touch/programs that run on a device

Multiple Choice

Systems software

• aspects of a computer that you cannot touch/programs that run on a device

• software that runs the hardware and software

• the visible elements on screen which allow user to interact with computer

• applications for general or specific tasks

Multiple Choice

Applications software

• aspects of a computer that you cannot touch/programs that run on a device

• software that runs the hardware and software

• the visible elements on screen which allow user to interact with computer

• applications for general or specific tasks

Multiple Choice

Digital assistant

•  intelligent computers that can mimic the way humans think and make decisions

• functions/works on their own to reduce human monitoring

• electronic device that can help users complete tasks

• aspects of a computer that you cannot touch/programs that run on a device

Fill in the Blanks

Open Ended

What are the advantages and disadvantages of AI that you can think of?

Multiple Choice

Sensor

• Measures change in temperature

• device that can gather data from surrounding to record or response from

• Measures amount of heat given off by object

• Measures how much force is being applied to object

Multiple Choice

Temperature sensor

• Measures amount of heat given off by object

• Measures change in temperature

• Measure of how close things are to each other

• Measures how much force is being applied to object

Multiple Choice

Infrared sensor

• Measures amount of heat given off by object

• Measures change in temperature

• Measure of how close things are to each other

• Measures how much force is being applied to object

Multiple Choice

Touch sensor

• Measures change in temperature

• Measure of how close things are to each other

• Measures amount of heat given off by object

• Measures how much force is being applied to object

Multiple Choice

Pixel

• number of bits used to represent a colour

• number of pixels per square inch of screen

• total number of pixels on a screen

• picture element; small element displayed on a screen

Multiple Choice

Colour depth

• number of bits used to represent a colour

• number of pixels per square inch of screen

• total number of pixels on a screen

• picture element; small element displayed on a screen

Multiple Choice

Resolution

• number of bits used to represent a colour

• number system that uses combination of 0 and 1 to represent data

• total number of pixels on a screen

• picture element; small element displayed on a screen

Multiple Choice

ppi

• number of bits used to represent a colour

• number of pixels per square inch of screen

• total number of pixels on a screen

• picture element; small element displayed on a screen

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

Processor

• digital image made from a series of objects placed on a screen

• device that can gather data from surrounding to record or response from

• a computer processor that turns sound from surrounding environment into binary data

• part of computer that carries out instructions

2a. Explain how letters and numbers are stored in binary digits?
Ans: Computer processor + ASCII Conversion table

2b. Explain how analogue voice pattern could be converted to digital?
Ans: Analogue to Digital converter

2c. Logic gate diagram to show how a login system would work.
Ans:

​AND logic gate

​Output: Allow user to log in