Bony Fish Lesson

Bony Fish

​This is a graded lesson. If you do not like your grade, take the lesson again.

• Jawed fish with skeletons made of cartilage

• Sharks

• Rays

• Guitarfish

Cartilaginous fish

• Jawless fish

• Hagfish

• Lamprey

Agnatha

Review

Bony fish

• bony fish have skeletons made of bone

• they are the largest group of living fish

• operculum protects a bony fish’s gills

• movements of operculum help bony fish move water over gills

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Operculum

Bony fish have a swim bladder that helps them float higher or lower in the water.
Cartilaginous fish do not have these.

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Swim bladder

Multiple Choice

The earliest fish in the oceans were:

• sponges

• corals

• jawless fish

• sharks

Multiple Select

Jawless fish include which of the following? Check all that apply:

• moray eels

• lampreys

• hagfish

• stingrays

Multiple Choice

Sharks, skates, and rays have bony skeletons.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

96% of all fish are

• agnatha

• bony

• cartilaginous

Multiple Choice

What part of the fish protects AND covers the gills?

• Pectoral Fin

• Operculum

• Mouth

• Gill filaments

Multiple Choice

In fish, what is the name of the organ that detects movement and vibrations in water?

• Lateral Line

• Vertical Line

• Horizontal Line

• Lateral Spine

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the internal structure that controls a bony fish's depth in the water?

• Liver

• Air Pocket

• Lung Bladder

• Swim Bladder

Ray-finned fish have fins supported by a fan-shaped array of bones.

• embedded in a thin layer of skin and connective tissue

• light, collapsible, and easy to move

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Ray-finned fish

Family of tropical fish usually in coral reefs

The main characteristic of this group is the scalpels that are at the base of the tails. They can be erected and used to inflect pain onto other creatures.

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Surgeonfish/Tangs

​They use their pectoral fins to walk on land.
They hold water in their gill chambers to breathe on land.
They dig burrows by scooping out mud with their mouths.

Mudskipper

​Morays live in crevices in coral reefs.
They average 5-6 ft long.
They have a second set of jaws (pharyngeal jaws) inside of their mouths to help swallow prey.
While known to have a nasty bite, they rarely attack unless provoked.

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Moray Eels

Female seahorses lay dozens, sometimes hundreds, of eggs inside a brood pouch of the male. Once the eggs hatch, the male pushes them out.
Seahorses offer no parental care, so babies have to be ready to survive on their own when born!

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Seahorse

Multiple Choice

Which fish can walk on land?

• tang

• mudskipper

• sea horse

• sturgeon

Multiple Choice

A characteristic of tangs is

• a scalpel on their tail

• a pharyngeal jaw

• a bony wrist

• orange eyes

Multiple Choice

Seahorses use their pouches to protect their young.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which fish has a pharyngeal jaw?

• tangs

• moray eels

• seahorses

• hagfish

• Lobed-fins are round in shape with a solid bone inside

• not as maneuverable as ray-fins

• able to support weight

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Lobe-Finned Fish

• Last known fossils dated back to the Cretaceous period, so they were thought to be extinct

• In 1938, 1 species was found alive of the coast of South Africa, a second species was found in 1990s

• All fins “lobed” except 1st dorsal

• Give birth to live babies

• Found in the deep ocean in caves

• Can not be eaten as their meat contains waste and wax

Coelacanth

• Only 6 species alive today

• Not as easy to use as our lungs.

• The fish do something similar to swallowing the air, but it goes into their lungs instead of their stomachs

• In Africa, lungfish living in seasonally dry habitats burrow in mud.

• Metabolism slows, breathe air 4 months until rain returns

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Lungfish

Multiple Choice

Which fish was once thought to be extinct?

• coelacanth

• lungfish

• birchir

• mudskipper

Multiple Choice

Lungfish can survive without water up to

• 12 minutes

• 4 days

• 75 years

• 4 months

Match

Match the following

• eating this fish will make you sick

• this fish can survive without water

• the male holds the eggs in a pouch

• the bright colored tail warns of danger

coelacanth

lungfish

seahorse

tang

• coelacanth

• lungfish

• seahorse

• tang