Early Middle Ages

Western Europe
Early Middle Ages

SOL 10 a-e

1

Vocabulary

1.

Medieval = Latin for “Middle Ages”

2.

Barbarians = Roman terminology referring to one less cultured

3.

Papacy = relating to the Pope and his office

4.

Anointed = giving a divine or holy office

5.

Feudalism = Political System whereby Land is exchanged for service

6.

Manorialism = Economic system revolving around the Manor (Estate)

7.

Vassal = one who accepts a fief in exchange for service/loyalty

8.

Baron = Term for a noble or lord

9.

Fief = A piece of land exchanged for service/loyalty

10.

Serf = synonym for peasant

11.

Fallow = unplanted; left to rest

12.

Tithe = income given to the Church

3

Match

Match the following terms to the correct definition

• Feudalism

• Fief

• Vassal

• Serf

• Fallow

Exchange of Land for Service

Piece of land given by king

One who accepts a land grant

Another word for peasant

To leave a field unplanted

• Exchange of Land for Service

• Piece of land given by king

• One who accepts a land grant

• Another word for peasant

• To leave a field unplanted

Dark
Ages

Byzantine

Empire

4

500-1000 BCE

Germanic Tribes (Barbarians)

Control Western Europe

5

British Isles

❖

Britain was a mixture of cultures

❖

Britons - remains of Roman citizenry

❖

Picts were an especially “crude”
group of people

❖

New Migrations:
➢

Angles from N. Germany/France

➢

Saxons from N, Germany

➢

Jutes from Denmark (Scandinavia)

❖

Anglo king, Alfred the Great,
creates first unified kingdom in
Britain

❖

Angle Land = England

7

Multiple Select

Which 3 groups migrated to and impacted the British Isles

• Franks

• Angles

• Jutes

• Saxons

Scandinavia

❖ Scandinavia Includes:

➢ Norway
➢ Sweden
➢ Finland
➢ Denmark

❖ Areas dominated by

groups called Vikings

8

Draw

Circle Scandinavia on this map of Europe.

France? Germany?

❖ The Franks
❖ Form the first

successful kingdom in
Western Europe - The
Frankish Kingdom

❖ Franks = France!

9

Foundations of Early Medieval Society

I. Roman Culture/Traditions

A. No Roman Government or Military
B. But...culture remains

II. Germanic Tribes Customs

A. Franks, Ostrogoths, Visigoths introduce new ideas
B. Languages mix with Latin to form new languages

III. Christian Church

A. Provide people with social & spiritual support
B. Becomes the MOST important institution

10

Multiple Choice

All of the following represent the foundations of Early Medieval Western Europe EXCEPT

• The Christian Church

• The Islamic Civilization

• Roman Culture & Traditions

• Customs of the Germanic Tribes

Multiple Choice

What was the most important force in providing unity and stability throughout western Europe during the Middle Ages?

• church

• nobility

• military

• government

The Frankish Kingdom

SOL 10 b

12

Frankish Kings Convert to Christianity

❖ Clovis

➢

1st to unite all Franks under 1 ruler

➢

1st Germanic ruler to convert to
Christianity

❖ Pepin the Short

➢

Son of Charles Martel

➢

Came to the aid of the Papacy

➢

Anointed - “King by the Grace of
God”

13

Categorize

Options (4)

1st to unify Germanic tribes

1st Germanic ruler to convert to Christianity

Came to the aid of the Papacy

Anointed "King by the Grace of God"

Identify the characteristics of these Frankish Kings

Clovis

Pepin the Short

Charles Martel

❖

Major Domo or Mayor of the Palace -
right-hand man to the king

❖

aka Charles the Hammer

❖

Led his army against Muslim Moors
crossing the Pyrenees Mountains into
Frankish Territories

❖

Defeated the Muslims at the
Battle of Tours (732)

❖

Stopped Muslim advancement into
Western Europe

15

Multiple Choice

What is the significance of the Battle of Tours in 732?

• It showed that foot soldiers could be effective

• Muslim soldiers made a successful invasion of France

• Soldiers of the Calih were able to conquer Constantinople

• The Muslim advance into Western Europe was halted

Charlemagne

❖

Son of Pepin the Short

❖

Inherited the throne along with
brother Carloman

❖

After Carloman’s death, becomes
sole ruler

❖

Strong relationship with Church

❖

Crowned Holy Roman Emperor on
Christmas Day, 800 CE

❖

Expands Frankish territories to its
furthest extent

17

Multiple Choice

What was important about Charlemagne being crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 CE?

• He became the 1st Frankish king

• He was able to overthrow Pepin the Short

• It marked the joining of the Frankish kings with the Church & the heritage of Rome

• It marked the end of the Islamic Empire as Charlemagne spread Christianity

Charlemagne helps to end the “Dark Ages!”

❖

Expands Empire to include modern
France & Germany

❖

Establishes capital in Aachen Germany

❖

Establishes the Missi Dominici
➢

Men sent out to administer justice

❖

Latin is revived as language of
scholars; Latin is combined with
Germanic Languages to form the
Romance Languages

❖

Orders Monasteries & Churches to
create schools

❖

Although he was illiterate - he
encouraged education!

18

Draw

Locate and draw a circle around Charlemagne's capital.

Dropdown

What is the name given to these men who administered justice in Charlemagne's empire? ​

Select answer

Multiple Choice

What leader reunited parts of the old Roman Empire, including parts of Germany and France, with the blessing of the Roman Catholic Church

• Verdun

• Justinian

• Clovis

• Charlemagne

Multiple Choice

Complete the Cause and Effect Chart

• Charlemagne was able to separate social classes

• Charlemagne was able to unify his empire

• Charlemagne was able to strengthen Papal authority

• Charlemagne was able to end Roman influence

Multiple Choice

What conclusions can you draw about Charlemagne's rule?

• Charlemagne was a weak ruler evidenced by the fact his kingdom was taken away by Vikings.

• He was a strong ruler who ably administered & united his kingdom.

• He was a strong ruler who granted freedom of speech and religion.

• He was a weak ruler who wanted to focus on his Christian faith

After Charlemagne

❖ Louis the Pious

➢

Son of Charlemagne

➢

Pious= very devoted to his
religion

➢

Ignored Affairs of State

➢

Left Empire to his 3 sons: Civil
War Begins

21

Treaty of Verdun

❖

Treaty of Verdun (843 CE) ends
civil war among Louis’ sons.

❖

Empire is divided into 3 Areas:
➢

Charles the Bald - Western
Kingdom

➢

Louis the German - Eastern
Kingdom

➢

Lothair - Central Kingdom from
North sea to Apennine Peninsula

❖

After many years, central kingdom
fragments

❖

Western Kingdom? = France

❖

Eastern Kingdom? = Germany

22

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the treaty that split Charlemagne's empire in 843 CE?

• Treaty of Versailles

• Treaty of Aachen

• Treaty of Rome

• Treaty of Verdun

Labelling

Identify the 3 kingdoms formed by Charlemagne's grandsons after the Treaty of Verdun.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Charles the Bald

Louis the German

Lothair

Migrations of Magyars &

Anglo-Saxons

SOL 10 c

25

26

History of Magyars

❖

Clans which originated from the Ural
Mountain region of Russia

❖

Migrated westward and established
territory that is today the country of
Hungary.

❖

Excellent Horsemen and Warriors

27

Magyar Raids in the West!

❖

Magyar warriors raided areas in
France and the Apennine Peninsula

❖

Collected people from these areas to
sell as slaves.

❖

Unlike other groups, Magyars always
retreated to their homeland in
Hungary

28

Multiple Choice

The groups of invaders who eventually settled in Eastern Europe and Hungary were called the

• Vikings

• Normans

• Magyars

• Saxons

Anglo-Saxon Culture in Britain

❖

Britain was inundated with many
different migrant groups:
➢

Jutes - Denmark (Jutland Pen.)

➢

Angles - N. Germany

➢

Saxons- N. Germany

❖

Groups were eventually united into
one culture called the Anglo-Saxon
Culture

29

Multiple Select

Name the 2 barbarian groups who eventually settled in England?

• Muslims

• Magyars

• Angles

• Saxons

The Vikings

SOL 10d

30

History of Vikings

❖

Originally from the area of
Scandinavia:
➢

Norway

➢

Sweden

➢

Denmark

➢

Finland - not as much

❖

Most historians believe they began to
migrate as land became scarce and
overcrowding occurred.

❖

Primarily survived on the seas -
fishing, etc.

31

Vikings as Seafarers!

❖

Superior Sailors

❖

Excelled at shipbuilding

❖

Ships were called Longboats
➢

Strong enough for sea travel

➢

Shallow enough to sail rivers

❖

Could take their ships
everywhere!

32

Viking Invasions

❖

Vikings used their
longboats to go from the
Seas straight onto the
Rivers.

❖

Would raid monasteries
and churches looking for
gold

❖

Became a terror to
Western Europe until
their conversion to
Christianity.

33

Multiple Choice

Which invaders inland routes tended to follow rivers?

• Muslims

• Magyars

• Vikings

• All of the above

34

Eric Thorvadson,

Eric the Red, sailed
to and created the
first settlements on

Greenland

Eric’s son, Leif

Ericson, believed to
be the 1st European

to reach North

America

35

Labelling

Identify the routes of the different invading groups by dragging their name to the correct location.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Magyars

Angles/Saxons

Vikings

Help! We are
being invaded
and there is no
one to protect
us!!!

36

The Answer?!?!

FEUDALISM!

38

Multiple Choice

The rise of Feudalism in Medieval Western Europe was primarily caused by

• rivalry between the colonial empires

• suppression of internationalism

• collapse of a strong central government

• decline of the Roman Catholic Church

Feudalism & Manorialism

SOL 10e

39

The 1st Feudal Agreement

❖

Charles, the King of France, is under
constant attack from different
groups.

❖

Taxation has not been established -
he has no way to raise an army…

❖

Goes to a local Viking chieftain
named Rollo.

❖

Make agreement:
➢

Rollo will help defend Charles

➢

Rollo will get a piece of land:
■Northman’s Land =
Normandy

40

41

KING

NOBLES

WARRIORS

KNIGHTS

BARONS OR LORDS

SERFS/PEASANTS

LAND

LAND

PROTECTION

LABOR

MILITARY

SKILLS

LOYALTY &

PROTECTION

FIEF = LAND GRANT

FIEF

VASSAL - ACCEPTS FIEF

VASSAL

Multiple Choice

In the feudal period, a personal bond of loyalty was sworn by a _______ to a______.

• lord, monk

• knight, serf

• monk, peasant

• vassal, lord

Labelling

Label the Feudal Map

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Labor

Nobles

Fief

Land

military service

King

Knights

Loyalty & Service

Serfs

Protection

43

MANORIALISM - ECONOMIC SYSTEM

Tithe - 10% of income goes to Church

Fallow - Leave
unplanted

47

The Manor (Lord’s Estate) was SELF-SUFFICIENT

- All needs were met by the Manor

Multiple Choice

Which economic concept can be inferred from this diagram?

• trade embargo

• self-sufficiency

• inflation

• competition

44

48