APHUG - Unit 1 Review

APHUG Unit 1 Review

here we go again

Multiple Choice

What is a map projection

• How we fit our 3D earth on a 2D page

• A map projection is a tool used for weather forecasting
• A map projection is a method of printing maps
• A map projection is a type of GPS technology

Multiple Select

How are maps distorted?

• Shape

• Angle

• Distance

• Area

• Direction

What type of map is this?

Multiple Choice

That map was a(n) ____ projection

• Goode Homolosine

• Mercator

• Polar

• Stretched

What type of map is this?

Multiple Choice

That map was a(n) ____ projection

• Equal Area

• Gall-Peteo

• Robinson

• Mercator

What type of map is this?

Multiple Choice

That map was a ____ projection

• Mercator

• Robinson

• Polar

• Equal Area

What type of map is this?

Multiple Choice

That map was a(n) ____ projection

• Equal Area

• Goode Homolosine

• Polar

• Stretched

What type of map is this?

Multiple Choice

That map was a(n) ____ projection

• Gall-Peters

• Mercator

• Equal Area

• wort wort wort

What type of map is this?

Multiple Choice

That map was a(n) ____ projection

• Mercator

• Orange Peel

• Polar

• Gall-Peters

Pros:
-True direction
-Good for navigating

Cons:
-Distorts size
-Poles much larger than in real life

Mercator

Pros:
-Size (area) is accurate to real life

Cons:
-Distorts shape
-Compresses polar areas

Behrman 'Equal Area'

Pros:
-Least distortion
-Looks real

Cons:
-Imprecise measurements
-Extreme distortion at poles

Robinson

Pros:
-Shape and size of land minimally distorted
Cons:
-Oceans cut
-Distance between continents is wrong

Goode Homolosine 'Orange Peel'

Pros:
-True direction
-Area is precise
Cons:
-Shape is off
-Continents are elongated

Gall Peters 'Stretched'

Pros:
-Preserved direction
-No 'center'
Cons:
-Distorts shape and area
-Only shows 1/2 of the planet

Polar

Multiple Choice

A formal region is:

• A region that is not officially recognized by any governing body
• An area with undefined boundaries and characteristics
• A geographical area defined by a node and extending outwards

• A geographical area defined by a common characteristic with specific boundaries

Multiple Choice

A functional region is:

• A space that lacks a focal point and where its citizens have little to no access to healthy, affordable food

• An area with no specific purpose or function; usually densely populated

• An area organized around a point called a 'node'; has a specific purpose or function.

• A region that is disorganized and chaotic, usually found in neighborhoods

Multiple Choice

A perceptual region is:

• A region that is not perceived by people
• A region with fuzzy boundaries that aren't agreed upon

• An area with constantly changing characteristics
• A defined space with no common traits; agriculture often occurs here

Multiple Choice

What is absolute location

• Exact position of a place on the Earth's surface using coordinates
• Relative location of a place on the Earth's surface
• General area of a place on the Earth's surface

Multiple Choice

What is relative location

• Position of a place or object in relation to another point of reference.

• Relative location is the size of a place or object
• Relative location is the distance between two places
• Relative location is the exact coordinates of a place or object

Multiple Choice

What is space in geography?

• Space in geography refers to the area between objects

• Space in geography is a term used to describe the digital storage capacity of geographic data.
• Space in geography refers to the void between celestial bodies.
• Space in geography is a concept related to time zones and daylight saving.

Multiple Select

The two types of space distribution are:

• Pattern

• Location

• Density

• Physiological

• Arithmetic

Multiple Choice

Place vs sense of place?

• Place is a specific point on Earth, while sense of place is the emotional attachment people have to a place.
• Place is a general area on Earth, while sense of place is a specific location.
• Place is a feeling people have towards a location, while sense of place is a physical attribute of a place.
• Place is a temporary location, while sense of place is a permanent attachment.

The strength of a relationship between people, places, or systems decreases as the separation between them increases

Distance Decay

Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things

​

1st Law of Geography

The way that the world is seemingly getting smaller, or compressing, as a result of increased transport and communications

​

Time-space compression

Multiple Choice

How are time space compression and distance decay related?

• As time space compression increases, distance decay increases.
• Time space compression has no impact on distance decay.
• Distance decay is proportional to time space compression.

• As time space compression increases, distance decay decreases.

Multiple Choice

How does distance decay relate to the first law of geography?

• The first law of geography states that all locations are equally important
• Stronger relationships between closer locations compared to distant ones

• Distance decay is unrelated to the first law of geography
• Distance decay suggests that closer locations have weaker relationships

Draw

Connect the dots

Multiple Choice

What is the scale of analysis?

• Method used to collect data
• Timeframe of data collection
• Type of data analysis
• Level at which data is examined

Draw

Connect the dots

​​Local

​​National

​Which is more accurate?

​Answer: Local scale is more accurate because it's more specific

Multiple Choice

What is sustainability?

• Sustainability is the act of preserving the environment at all costs.
• Sustainability is only relevant for certain industries, not all.
• Sustainability is a concept that only applies to developing countries.
• Meeting our needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs

Environmental determinism asserts that physical geographic features such as climate and terrain exert a strong and unmediated influence upon human culture

​​Environmental Determnism

The concept that the natural environment places constraints on human activity, but humans can adapt to some environmental limits while modifying others using technology

​​Possiblism

Explain how the degree to which land use in the images reflects environmental possibilism.

​
People are altering the environment and determining their own outcomes.

Draw

Think about how you would answer each of these if they were an FRQ you got on the exam

Multiple Choice

Scale vs Scale of Analysis

• Scale refers to size or extent, while scale of analysis refers to level or perspective.
• Scale refers to temperature, while scale of analysis refers to time.
• Scale refers to weight, while scale of analysis refers to color.
• Scale refers to size, while scale of analysis refers to distance.

Multiple Choice

What is scale on a map?

• The percent of the map occupied by a region

• Ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground.
• The color scheme used on the map and the associated sense of place

• The number of landmarks shown on the map

Draw

Connect the maps to their scales

Fun fact - these are screenshots of the town I grew up in in Canada :p

​Think - small scale, small detail, large scale, large detail

Multiple Choice

Qualitative vs Quantitative Data?

• Qualitative data is numerical, while quantitative data is descriptive.
• Qualitative data is objective, while quantitative data is subjective.
• Qualitative data is precise, while quantitative data is vague.
• Qualitative data is descriptive, while quantitative data is numerical.

Draw

Circle the correct type of geospatial technology

​Answer - GIS

Think: Layers of data (Not on the grid + wind energy potential)

Draw

Circle the correct type of geospatial technology

​Answer - GPS

Draw

Circle the correct type of geospatial technology

​Answer - Remote sensing

Draw

Circle the correct type of geospatial technology

​Answer - Remote sensing

Draw

Circle the correct type of geospatial technology

​Answer - GIS

MCQ Practice!

These are all stolen from collegeboard so make sure you understand them

Write down your answers - I won't show them until the end :)

A nongovernmental organization is planning a new international elementary education program. Based on the map shown, which of the following groups of countries would be the best candidates to receive funding?

a) Brazil, Bolivia, Peru
b) Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand
c) Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador
d) Egypt, Libya, Saudi Arabia
e) Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan

Which of the following best describes the spatial pattern of adult literacy rates presented in the map?

a) It provides an economic perspective on the productivity of each country’s workforce.
b) It provides an economic perspective on earnings for each country’s population.
c) It provides a political perspective on each country’s level of civic participation.
d) It provides a political perspective on each country’s system of government.
e) It provides a perspective on each country’s level of social development.

The darkest shading on the map indicates the areas with the highest population densities. Which of the following statements best describes the pattern of population density shown?

a) Manhattan appears to have the lowest population density at all three scales.
b) New York City’s hinterlands have the highest population density.
c) Population densities appear to be uniform at all three scales.
d) New York City and New York State have similar population densities.
e) Manhattan appears to have the highest population density at all three scales.

Which spatial patterns on the maps shown would be most helpful to someone selecting the location for a new coffee shop?
a) The map of New York State, because it shows the least and most densely populated counties in the state.
b) The map of New York City, because it shows which boroughs have the greatest number of people.
c) The map of the Borough of Manhattan, because it shows both population density and the pattern of streets.
d) The map of the state of New York, because it shows where the largest cities are located.
e) The map of the Borough of Manhattan, because it shows the shoreline of the island of Manhattan.

Which of the following geospatial technologies is typically used to analyze the data layers such as those shown in the maps?
a) Aerial photography interpretation
b) Satellite navigation systems
c) Remote sensing satellites
d) Geographic information systems (GIS)
e) Global positioning systems (GPS)

The maps show data most likely collected through
a) election results
b) census surveys
c) satellite imagery
d) informal observation
e) interviews

Which of the following types of information is shown in the table?
a) Tax records
b) Military enlistments
c) Census data
d) Diplomatic records
e) School enrollments

Which of the following statements best explains the concept of sustainability?
a) Natural resources are the domain of humans because of the ability of humans to take appropriate action for their use without fear of resource depletion.

b) Natural resources should be used until they become too scarce or too expensive because of the immediate need for human survival.

c) Natural resource use should be balanced with the needs of the environment and future generations because many resources are nonrenewable.

d) Natural resources will be replaced by technological goods because of concerns that all natural resources will become obsolete within the next generation.

e) Natural resource use should generate economic profits because of the new technologies that make procuring the resources cost effective.

In 1854, London physician Dr. John Snow mapped the spatial relationship between deaths from the waterborne disease cholera and the locations of water pumps which brought in water directly from tunnels connected to the River Thames. From Snow’s research it was determined that a public water pump had been contaminated by sewage.

What geographic principle explains the significance of Snow’s research?

a) As cities remove natural resources from the landscape, those resources become insignificant.

b) Even in areas of urban land use, there is a significant relationship between nature and society.

c) Once water enters an area of urban land use, that water is no longer considered a natural resource.

e) The prosperity of a society is determined by environmental factors, such as the availability of natural resources.

f) Societies leave a cultural imprint on the land, such as the pattern of streets and water systems.

Which of the following questions must be answered in order to identify a functional region?

a) What specific characteristic defines a region?

b) What general characteristics define the area’s identity?

c) What do people call the region?

d) What languages are spoken in the area?

e) What area is influenced by a node?

For centuries, sugar crystals were made from the evaporated juice of sugarcane, a plant grown only in tropical and subtropical climates. In the 1800s, industrial methods were developed to manufacture crystalline sugar from sugar beets. This allowed for large amounts of sugar to be produced in colder, temperate climate zones.

Which of the following geographic concepts best explains the ability of humans to use technology to overcome the limitations of climate and modify the landscape?

a) Environmental determinism

b) Possibilism

c) Cultural relativism

d) Contagious diffusion

e) Political ecology

Which of the following map scales would be used for the topographic map shown?
a)1:24,000
b) 1:250,000

c) 1:500,000

d) 1:1,000,000

e) 1:5,000,000

Which of the following concepts best explains the differences among the values shown in the table?

a) Spatial analysis

b)Scale of analysis

c) Map scale

d) Relative location
e) Relative direction

With the dawn of the Jet Age, international airline travel increased rapidly after 1950, and much of this early growth in jet travel was between Europe and North America. Which of the following best describes the spatial pattern suggested by the table?

​a) The volume of trade between Europe and North America increased.
b) The size of aircraft traveling between Europe and North America decreased.
c) The linear distance between Europe and North America decreased.
d) The absolute distance between Europe and North America increased.
e) The relative distance between Europe and North America decreased.

Based on the geospatial data in the example shown, which combination of technologies provides real-time data to emergency call centers to route police, fire, and ambulance vehicles directly to incidents in the shortest possible travel time?

​a) Remote sensing satellites and cellular telephone towers
b) Census databases and property tax records
c) Social media sites and paper map atlases
d) Geographic information systems and global positioning satellite
e) Digital radio signals and vehicle call signs

Which of the following terms best describes the suburban area of Illinois where many residents commute to Chicago?

a) Perceptual region

b) Functional region

c) Formal region

d) Conformal region

e) Equal area region

Which of the following patterns is evident on the map of population density?

​a) The Appalachian Mountains are less densely populated than the Rocky Mountains
b) The Midwest is much more densely populated than the Southeast.
c) The Great Plains are less densely populated than the Midwest.
d) The Pacific Coast is far less populated than the Atlantic Coast of the United States
e) The Rocky Mountains are more densely populated than the Southwest

Which of the following statements is an accurate comparison of the two map projections shown?

​a) The Mercator projection accurately shows direction but distorts the size of some areas compared to the Robinson projection.
b) The Robinson projection accurately shows direction but distorts the size of some areas compared to the Mercator projection.
c) The Mercator projection accurately shows distances but distorts direction compared to the Robinson projection.
d) The Robinson projection accurately shows shapes but distorts direction compared to the Mercator projection.
e) The Mercator projection accurately shows area but distorts shapes compared to the Robinson projection.

Which of the following map types is shown?

​a) Isopleth
b) Choropleth
c) Dot density
d) Reference
e) Topographic

The data presented in the map shown depict

​a) latitude in a Robinson projection
b) longitude in a Mercator projection
c) longitude in a Mercator projection
d) elevation topographic map
e) taxation in a flow-line map

In his book My Tears Spoiled My Aim, John Shelton Reed explains the difficulty of defining the American South.

“Where is the South? . . . The South is, to begin with, a concept—and a shared one. It’s an idea that people can talk about, think about, use to orient themselves and each other. People know whether they’re in it or not.”

Based on Reed’s explanation, the South is best described as which kind of region?

a) Functional region

b) Formal region

c) Vernacular region

d) Peripheral region

e) Linguistic region

Answers

1E
2E
3E
4C
5D
6B
7C

8C
9B
10E
11B
12A
13B
14E

15D
16B
17C
18A
19B
20C
21C

​Done unit 1!!