Simple Marine Organisms

Simple Marine Organisms

Zooplankton

• Zooplankton are the animal-like plankton that float and drift on the ocean's surface

  • These are different from phytoplankton which are more plantlike

Temporary vs. Permanent

• There are both temporary zooplankton and permanent zooplankton

  • Temporary

    • embryos or larvae of fish, crabs, sponges, lobsters, clams, and other invertebrates

    • spend early parts of life cycle drifting near the ocean surface until they settle at the bottom to develop

  • Permanent

    • Species that remain in plankton population throughout their entire life

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are not an example of a permanent zooplankton?

• crab larvae

• copepods

• lobster embryo

• invertebrates

Three Different Types of Permanent

• Foramniferan

  • encased in a calcium carbonate shell

  • cytoplasm comes out of small hole, leaving sticky surface to catch food

• Radiolarian

  • transparent due to shell being made of silica

  • have long, branching spines to help with buoyancy and protection

• Copepod

  • shrimp-like animal the size of a grain of sand

  • feeds on phytoplankton

  • most numerous

Multiple Choice

Which permanent zooplankton is shrimp-like?

• foraminiferan

• radiolarians

• copepods

• invertebrates

Protozoans

• single celled organisms

  • ex. foraminifera and radiolarians

• able to perform all kinds of life functions in just a single cell

  • ingestion, digestion, respiration, transportation, homeostasis, response, and reproduce

    • NOTE: If you want to learn more about these, pg. 151-154 go in depth into each

Dropdown

Protozoans perform ​

Select answer

of their life functions within ​

Select answer

cell.​

Sponges

• Characteristics

  • multicellular

  • two-layers of cells

    • endoderm: inner layer

    • ectoderm: outer layer

      • between these is a jelly-like substance called mesenchyme

  • important filter feeders

• Life functions

  • have collar cells which beat back and forth, pumping water in and out

    • these cells also trap, ingest, and digest food brought in from the currents of water

Sponges (cont.)

• Life Cycle

  • sponges will find and attach to a substrate after some developmental stages

    • sexual reproduction

      • zygote will continuously divide until becoming a solid ball

        • this will eventually become the embryo

      • flagella form on this ball (now called the blastula), and it swims until coming in contact with a substrate

• Extra Information

  • can live in a large range of water temperatures

  • harvested for commercial purposes

  • come in many shapes and sizes

Multiple Choice

Which are not true about sponges?

• they are commercially harvested

• they come in many shapes and sizes

• they can live in warm and cold water

• they reproduce asexually

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are not characteristics of sponges?

• multicellular

• have two layers: endoderm and ectoderm

• considered to be a colony of multiple individuals

• filter feeders

Multiple Choice

True or false: Collar cells are vital for the survival of sponges.

• True

• False

Rotifers

• Characteristics

  • multicellular and microscopic

  • can change the shape of their body to aid in movement

  • has beating cilia in the head region that spin, creating a current of water that brings food to the organism

  • have a one-way digestive track like humans

• Extra Info

  • a part of their own phylum called Rotifera

  • live in moist sands along the shore and freshwater

Rotifers (cont.)

• Reproduction

  • Sexual

    • males and females have reproductive organs that create gametes

      • these gametes are released and unite in the water, creating a zygote that will develop into an adult

  • Asexual

    • parthenogenesis

      • female produces an eggs that develops into a female without fertilization

Multiple Choice

What similarity do rotifers have with humans?

• eye structure

• digestive tract

• respiratory system

Multiple Choice

Which is true about rotifers?

• they are single-celled

• they can be seen without a microscope

• they can only reproduce sexually

• they can change their shape if needed

Bryozoan

• Characteristics

  • multicellular and microscopic

  • lives in a compartmnet made of calcium carbonate

  • connect to build large colonies that cover rocks, seaweeds, and shells

  • have a one-way digestive system

• Reproducttion

  • Sexual

    • hermaphrodites (have both ovaries and testes within the same individuals)

  • Asexual

    • budding (small individual develops on, and then separates from the larger parent body)

Multiple Choice

What type of asexual reproduction can bryozoans use?

• binary fission

• budding

• fragmentation

• parthenogenesis

Match

Match the following answers their corresponding facts.

• Bryozoan

• Rotifer

• Copepod

• Sponge

connect to build large colonies

live in moist sand and freshwater

example of a permanent zooplankton

have an ectoderm and endoderm

• connect to build large colonies

• live in moist sand and freshwater

• example of a permanent zooplankton

• have an ectoderm and endoderm