STAAR HW - Enzymes

Enzymes

• Act as a catalyst (speeds up the reaction) for cell metabolism.

• Digest nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats)

• Enzymes are made of proteins

• Enzymes end in " ase" e.g. Lipase..

Steps of Enzyme Action

• The enzyme grabs on to the substrate at a special area called the active site.

•  A process called "catalysis" (catabolic) break down the bonds. Anabolic build bonds.

• The enzyme releases the product.

• Enzyme is not consumed and used by the next substrate

Enzyme Action

• Hormones can trigger enzymes to act

• Temperature can change enzymes shape, too high will DENATURE (damage) the enzyme

• pH levels can also change the shape of proteins to become DENATURED.

• Enzymes lower the activation energy to react.

Enzyme Vocabulary

Enzymes end in - ase

- Maltase binds to maltose

- Lactase binds to lactose

- Lipase breaks down fat

- Amylase is found saliva

Enzymes Help with Reactions

• Catabolic: breaking down biomolecules

• Anabolic: building biomolecules

Enzymes are Catalyst

- Substance that affect the rate of a chemical reaction WITHOUT BEING ALTERED

- Because it is not altered, can do same thing over, and over, and over, and over.....

- Enzymes are ORGANIC OR BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS.

Multiple Choice

An enzyme speeds up a reaction by

• lowering the activation energy.

• raising the activation energy.

• releasing energy.

• absorbing energy.

Multiple Choice

After the enzyme and substrate bind together and perform the reaction, what does the substrate become?

• a substrate
• an enzyme
• a product
• an active site

Multiple Choice

Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?

• Coenzyme
• Substrate
• Vitamin
• Polypeptide

Multiple Choice

What 3 letters do enzymes typically end in?

• -ose
• -ase
• -ese
• -tic

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose  of an enzyme?

• give permission for the reaction
• raise activation energy
• speed up reactions
• control how many reactions occur

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are an example of

• Lipids

• Carbohydrate

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

Multiple Choice

This reaction shows a(n) ____________ reaction

• Catabolic
• Anabolic
• Dehydration Synthesis
• Halogenation