STAAR review vocabulary part 1

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of LIPID BILAYER?

• Molecular structure that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell

• Movement of molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient

• Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

• Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Multiple Choice

Identify the following structure

• Phospholipid

• Cell

• Cell membrane

• Protein

Multiple Choice

Movement of particles from high to low concentration. 

• Passive Transport
• Active Transport

Multiple Choice

When particles move from areas of high concentration to areas less concentrated, this has taken place.

• diffusion
• mitosis
• endocytosis
• photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of FACILITATED DIFFUSION?

• Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration

• Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

• Movement of molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient

• Molecular structure that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell

Multiple Choice

What does selectively-permeable mean?

• The cell controls what passes in and out of the cell
• Nothing gets through
• The cell lets only large substances through

Multiple Choice

What process occurs when WATER diffuses across a membrane?

• endocytosis
• mitosis
• osmosis
• nuclear fission 

Multiple Choice

Why is diffusion and osmosis important to cells?

• It allows them to take in materials without using energy.
• It allows them to reproduce.
• It allows them to absorb sunlight.
• It allows cells to use all energy.

Multiple Choice

Where is there a low concentration of dye?

• at the bottom of cup
• in the color
• at the top of cup 
• no concenteraion gradient

Multiple Choice

What does “high concentration area” mean?

• Spread out
• Tightly packed together
• Uncrowded
• Spacious

Multiple Choice

In passive diffusion, substances always move...

• from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

• from an area with more of the molecules to an area with fewer of the molecules

• from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

• from an area with fewer of the molecules to an area with more of the molecules

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of ACTIVE TRANSPORT?

• Movement of molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient

• Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

• Molecular structure that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell

• Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Multiple Choice

Homeostasis mechanisms...

• keep everything exactly the same.

• usually operate by positive feedback systems.

• act to keep the internal environmental conditions outside the normal range

• is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Multiple Choice

A noticeable change in an organism's environment.

• control center

• response

• stimulus

• set point

Multiple Choice

What is another term for body cells?

• somatic cells

• gamete

• stem cell

• neural cell

Multiple Choice

What is the scientific term that refers to sex cells?

• autosome

• gamete

• karyotype

• chromosome

Multiple Choice

This term refers to the production of gametes by organisms that reproduce sexually

• mitosis

• binary fission

• meiosis

• cloning

Multiple Choice

During the lytic infection by a virus, the host cell is-

• destroyed
• copied
• passed on to the lysogenic cycle
• not affected

Multiple Choice

Which statement regarding viruses is true?

• a virus can only reproduce inside of a living cell
• viruses do not contain DNA
• viruses are unicellular
• viruses are generally larger than cells

Multiple Choice

When a virus invades a living cell, its _______
takes over the cell's functions.

• outer coat
• genetic material
• core
• cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

Which viral life cycle allows viral genetic material to lay dormant while the host cell reproduces?

• lytic
• mitosis
• lysogenic
• S phase

Multiple Choice

Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by lysing?

• lytic
• mitosis
• lysogenic
• S phase

Multiple Choice

What do viruses need to reproduce?

• they need genetic material
• They need a host cell
• They need  bacteria
• They need insulin

Multiple Choice

_______ is made during transcription and ________ is made during translation.

• mRNA / a protein
• a protein / mRNA
• Ribosome / Nucleus
• mRNA / tRNA

Multiple Choice

Which process is used to make mRNA from the DNA in the nucleus?

• transcription
• translation
• replication 

Multiple Choice

One difference between DNA and RNA is that....

• Only RNA has the base Uracil
• only RNA contains the base Thymine
• only RNA contains the base Cytocine
• only RNA contained the base Guanine

Multiple Choice

A triplet of mRNA is called a

• codon
• anticodon
• amino acid
• peptide bond

Multiple Choice

DNA codes for...

• cholesterol
• proteins
• fatty acids
• a sandwich

Multiple Choice

Which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mRNA sequence 5' AUGGUUAAA 3'?

• Val, Lys, Phe, Gly
• Met, Asp, Phe
• Met, Val, Lys
• Ile, Gln, Leu, Ser

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are what macromolecule?

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipid

• Protein

• Carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

How does an enzymes shape relate to its function?

• the shape of the enzyme has no relation to its function

• the enzyme is shaped specially for certain substrates to perform a specific reaction

• the enzyme shape acts as a receptor to certain products

• the enzyme shape can fit into specific substrates to cease a reaction

Multiple Choice

Enzymes

• speed up chemical reactions

• slow down chemical reactions

• do nothing to a chemical reaction

Multiple Choice

A is the

• substrate

• enzyme-substrate complex

• products

Multiple Choice

B is the

• substrate

• enzyme-substrate complex

• products

Multiple Choice

C is the

• substrate

• enzyme-substrate complex

• products

Multiple Choice

An enzyme ________ the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.

• decreases

• increases

• does nothing to

• increases then decreases

Multiple Choice

How does a catalyst work in speeding up a reaction?

• By lowering the activation energy or reaction

• by giving them more energy

• by making them more available

Multiple Choice

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up during the reaction is called a

• catalyst

• product

• reactant

• solute