Unit 2 Review Honors 2024

Unit 2 Review 2024
Carbon in Living Things

Take notes on a lined piece of paper that will be collected by the end of the period and will be handed back to you on Monday when we take the test.

Multiple Choice

Which statement best explains the role of energy in cellular respiration?

• The cell destroys energy by breaking down large molecules.

• The cell creates stored chemical energy by capturing solar energy.

• The cell moves stored chemical energy to different chemical bonds.

Multiple Choice

The model shows water molecules interacting. The gray circles represent oxygen, the white circles represent hydrogen. Which conclusion is supported by this model?

• Hydrogen atoms in water molecules are only attracted to other hydrogen atoms.

• Oxygen atoms in water molecules are attracted to both oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms.

• Oxygen atoms in water molecules are also attracted to hydrogen atoms in other water molecules.

Multiple Choice

Which pair of molecules are both compounds?

• H2, CO2

• H2O, N2

• CO2, H2O

Multiple Choice

Brenda ran a race. During the race, she began to breathe heavily, and her muscles began to burn. Which statement explains why Brenda felt a burning?

• The cells did not have enough oxygen.

• The cells did not have enough glucose.

• The cells had too much carbon dioxide.

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows a model of the conversion between ATP and ADP. Which statement does the model support?

• ATP contains more energy than ADP.

• ADP contains more energy than ATP.

• ATP and ADP contain the same amount of energy.

Multiple Choice

Which statement explains the movement of energy through aerobic cellular respiration?

• Energy is absorbed as chemical potential energy is transferred from oxygen molecules to ATP molecules.

• Energy is released as chemical potential energy is transferred from oxygen molecules to ATP molecules.

• Energy is released as chemical potential energy is transferred from glucose molecules to ATP molecules.

Multiple Choice

Alicia is making a model of photosynthesis and respiration. Which statement describes the role of glucose in Alicia’s model?

• Oxygen is an output for both respiration and for photosynthesis.

• Glucose is an input for respiration and an output for photosynthesis.

• Carbon dioxide is an input for respiration and an output for photosynthesis.

Multiple Choice

Scientists can radioactively label elements to track them in a chemical reaction. The reaction shows the formation of glucose during photosynthesis. The asterisk shows radioactive oxygen. Based on the chemical equation, adding radioactive oxygen in which part of the environment would produce radioactive glucose?

• air

• water

• energy

Multiple Choice

The diagrams show carbon-based molecules. Based on evidence from the images, which statement about the bonding of carbon atoms is true?

• Carbon has the ability to form up to four bonds.

• Carbon atoms form ring structures each time they bond.

• Carbon containing compounds must contain double bonds.

​Fatty acid

vs.

Polysaccharide

Hotspot

Which of the following is a fatty acid?

Hotspot

Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

Dropdown

Compared with the inputs of photosynthesis, the molecules that are outputs of photosynthesis will have ​

Select answer

total number of atoms, ​ the same combined mass, and ​

Select answer

chemical properties.

Categorize

Options (3)

6 carbon sugar

ATP

NADH

Add the inputs and outputs of glyolysis

Inputs

Outputs

Drag and Drop

What should be added by the H2?​

Placeholder

What should be added by the O2?​

Placeholder

What should added by the conclusion?​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

2

1

equal number of atoms

equal number of molecules

Categorize

Options (5)

glucose

oxygen

water

carbon dioxide

ATP

What are the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration?

Inputs

Outputs

Dropdown

A student is making a model of the inputs and outputs of cell respiration. The inputs of cellular respiration are glucose and

Select answer

, and bonds in these molecules are broken. The outputs of cellular respiration are

Select answer

and water, and new bonds are formed in these molecules. The energy stored in one molecule of glucose leads to many molecules of

Select answer

.

Multiple Choice

A researcher is comparing sugar molecules that a cell takes in with amino acid molecules that the cell produces. Which of the statements are true about amino acids but not about sugars.

• always contain carbon

• is an input in glycolysis

• typically contain nitrogen

• can be used as an energy source

• can bond together to form proteins

Labelling

Label the picture of photosynthesis

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

water

oxygen

sugar

carbondioxide

Open Ended

Hans Krebs researched the aerobic portion of respiration by adding certain four-carbon compounds to cells in his laboratory. He hypothesized that if they were a part of the process, adding them to cells would cause respiration to increase. Krebs’s results are shown in the table.

Krebs concluded that the substances he added to the cells were a part of respiration. Use the data in the table to justify his conclusion.

Explanation Slide...

Oxygen being consumed is the masure that respiration is taking place. Fumate, succinate, and malate all cause more oxygen to be consumed that the control, meaning they increased respiration.

Open Ended

Hans Krebs researched the aerobic portion of respiration by adding certain four-carbon compounds to cells in his laboratory. He hypothesized that if they were a part of the process, adding them to cells would cause respiration to increase. Krebs’s results are shown in the table.

The mechanism by which cells make large amounts of energy was not discovered until three decades later. Describe what happens in respiration after the Krebs process and the role oxygen plays.

Explanation Slide...

After the Krebs cycle, ATP is prodcued in the electron transport chain. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor as it becomes a part of water molecules.

Open Ended

Three strands of muscle tissue are all the same initial length. One is placed in a solution of glucose. One is placed in a solution of ATP. One is placed in pure water. After one minute, the lengths of the tissues are measured again. The tissue from the ATP solution is found to be shorter than the others. Explain what the results of this experiment indicate about energy stored in ATP.

Explanation Slide...

Muscle tissue becomes shorter when it contacts. Muscle contraction requires energy. Energy released from the ATP caused the muscle to contract.

Open Ended

Three strands of muscle tissue are all the same initial length. One is placed in a solution of glucose. One is placed in a solution of ATP. One is placed in pure water. After one minute, the lengths of the tissues are measured again. The tissue from the ATP solution is found to be shorter than the others. Describe how the molecules in the ATP solution would have changed after completion of the experiment.

Explanation Slide...

After the experiment was completed, the original ATP solution would contain ADP and phosphate.

Open Ended

A chemist is studying a reaction between a lipid and oxygen. The chemist compared the reactants to the products. The chemist finds that the mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants. Explain why this is.

Open Ended

A chemist is studying a reaction between a lipid and oxygen. The chemist compared the reactants to the products. Explain what should happen to the atoms and bonds present in the reactants.

Explanation Slide...

The number of atoms is the same in the reactants as in the products. The kinds of atoms are the same in the reactants as in the products.

Open Ended

Solar energy is converted through a series of steps to power cellular functions in organisms. Describe the path that energy takes, from solar energy reaching Earth’s surface to energy used to power cell processes in animals.

Explanation Slide...

Sun gives eenergy to plants. Plants change energy to glucose, which is stored in plant tissues. An animals eats the plant and some of the glucose, which changes into ATP and energy goes into the animal tissues.

Open Ended

Solar energy is converted through a series of steps to power cellular functions in organisms. Name the molecule that provides energy for most cell processes, and identify a cell process that the molecule would provide energy for.

Explanation Slide...

ATP is the molecule that gives cells processes energy, and a process that it provides energy for is protein synthesis.

Multiple Choice

The scientist is conducting an experiment on cellular respiration in which she supplies a cell culture with radioactively labeled oxygen gas. After a period of time, she samples the culture. Which molecule will contain the radioactive oxygen atoms?

• ATP

• water

• carbon dioxide

Reorder

The scientist is studying the processes for which cellular respiration provides work, such as the contraction of muscles. Place the processesin order to show how respiration provides energy to a muscle fiber for contraction to take place.

• Glucose molecules in the bloodstream are absorbed by a muscle cell.

• Glucose molecules are broken down into smaller sugars.

• Energy is captured during the Krebs cycle.

• The electron transport chain is used to produce ATP

• The energy in ATP is used to make muscle cells contract.

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Categorize

Options (4)

carbon dioxide

water

oxygen

nitrogen

The scientist places a small organism into a sealed container and the organism is allowed to undergo respiration for a one-hour period. The container holds water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen gas. The scientist measures the amount of each substance in the container both before and after the one-hour period.

Increase

Decrease

Stay the same

Open Ended

As part of her studies, the scientist is researching the ways that respiration and photosynthesis provide the energy for an ecosystem. The diagram illustrates how matter and energy move through an aquatic ecosystem. Explain the apparent loss of matter and energy during photosynthesis and respiration that results in the shape of the energy pyramid.

Explanation Slide...

Matter and energy are not lost to their environment as they move from photosynthesizing producers to consumers in an ecosystem as shown in the pyramid with amount of energy and numbers of organisms. Energy is lost a sheat, and matter is lost as waste. As the low levels, there is more consumer levels due to cellular respiration releasing that energy.