Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Heredity Lecture

What in the world is genetics & heredity?

Science Unit 3: Genetics

Multiple Choice

Chromosomes are found in the ____________ of the cell

• Chloroplast
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondria

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heredity

❖ Living things produce offspring= pass on traits to them

❖ Passing of traits from parent to offspring is called heredity

❖ The field of biology that studies heredity is called genetics.

Multiple Choice

What is the scientific study of heredity called?

• Genetics

• Punnett Square

• Hybrid

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DID YOU KNOW?

❖ One of the first people to study heredity was Gregor Mendel, an

Austrian monk.

❖ He studied traits in pea plants and how they are passed from

one generation to the next

❖ Father of Genetics

​What Are Traits?

• ​Traits are characteristics of living things.​

• Physical traits are things you can see such as hair or eye color.

• ​Behavioral traits describe how a living thing acts or behaves.

Multiple Choice

What are traits?

• characteristics of matter

• characteristics of living things

• characteristics of a movie

• characteristics of a school

Inherited Traits

​Inherited traits are traits that are passed down from parents to their offspring, or child. This process is called heredity.

Multiple Choice

What are inherited traits?

• traits that are learned

• traits that are given to offspring from their grandparents

• traits that are passed down from parents to their offspring

• traits that are gifted from a stranger

Variation of Traits

​Animals, including humans, don't look exactly like their parents. They get some traits from their mom and some from their dad. This is called a variation of traits.

Variation of Traits in Plants

Variation also happens with plants. Plants have parents like we do. The pollen from a male plant is carried by either the wind or insects to a female plant, which then produces seeds that grow new plants. These plants won't look exactly like their parent plants.

Multiple Choice

What does it mean to have a variation of traits? 

• Animals and plants will not look exactly like their parents

• Animals and plants have a variety of parents that give them their traits

• Animals and plants will look exactly like their parents

• Animals and plants pass down all their traits to their offspring

Dominant Traits

Some inherited traits are stronger than others. These traits are more likely to show up in offspring and are called dominant traits.

Multiple Choice

What are dominant traits?

• traits that affect how an animal behaves

• traits that are weaker than others and less likely to show up in offspring

• traits that will always show up in offspring

• traits that are stronger than others and more likely to show up in offspring

Recessive Traits

Some inherited traits are weaker than others. These traits are less likely to show up in offspring and are called recessive traits.

Multiple Choice

What are recessive traits?

• traits that affect how an animal looks

• traits that are weaker than others and less likely to show up in offspring

• traits that will always show up in offspring

• traits that are stronger than others and more likely to show up in offspring

Acquired Traits

Acquired traits are traits that are learned. Things you are good at because you have learned how to do them are acquired traits, like being a good reader or being good at basketball.

Multiple Choice

An acquired trait means _________.

• your sister gave it to you
• it is learned or happened after birth
• you are a squire for the king
• your parents gave it to you

Multiple Choice

What are acquired traits?

• traits that are learned

• traits that are given to offspring from their grandparents

• traits that are passed down from parents to their offspring

• traits that are gifted from a stranger

Multiple Choice

What is an example of an inherited trait?

• being good at drawing

• having red hair

• being good at reading

• having red shoes

Multiple Choice

______ is the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring.

• Trait

• Heredity

• Genetics

• Hybrid

Multiple Choice

Each specific characteristic, such as stem height or seed color, is called a ______.

• Allele
• Hybrid
• Trait
• Heredity

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic is inherited?

• hair color
• sleeping late
• enjoying hiking
• loving to read

Multiple Choice

What does heterozygous mean?

• It means that an individual has 2 genes that alike - BOTH are dominant or BOTH are recessive.

• It means that an individual has different genes-one dominant and one recessive.

Phenotype and Genotype

by Mr. T

​Genotype

• ​All the DNA

  • ​DNA is inherited from both parents

​Phenotype

• ​Genes that are expressed

  • ​DNA to mRNA to proteins

Multiple Choice

Having genes that make you more likely to be good at sprinting is an aspect of

• genotype

• phenotype

Multiple Choice

Usain Bolt trains daily to improve his muscular explosiveness. Muscle size is an example of

• genotype

• phenotype

​Genes are Inherited

• ​Female Parent 50%

• ​Male Parent 50%

​

​

​Genes and Expression

• ​2 or more Genes fight for expression

  • ​Dominant Genes (stronger)

  • ​Recessive genes (weaker)

​Mendelian Genetics

• ​Dominant Gene is always expressed

• ​Recessive is always hidden

Multiple Select

The two types of alleles are (select two)

• dominant

• doughnut

• expressive

• recessive

Dominant and Recessive Notation

• ​Dominant genes are in Capital letters

  • ​Purple is dominant

  • ​B represents the dominant gene

• ​Recessive genes are the same letter but in lower case

​Genotype Classifications

• ​​Homozygous Dominant

  • The Same

  • ​All Capital letters

  • ​

​BB

​TT

​GG

​FF

​HH

• ​Homozygous recessive

  • ​The Same

  • ​All Lower case letters

​tt

​bb

​gg

​hh

​ff

​Genotype Classifications

• ​Heterozygous

  • ​Different

  • ​The dominant is Capitalized and the recessive is lower case

  • ​The dominant is in front of the recessive gene

​Bb

​Tt

​Gg

​Ff

​Hh

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is heterozygous

• FF

• tt

• Gg

• RR

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is homozygous recessive?

• rr

• AA

• TT

• Ff

Multiple Choice

Mark is heterozygous. If B is for brown hair, and b is for blonde hair, what is Mark's genotype?

• BB

• bb

• Bb

• bB

Multiple Select

The two types of alleles are (select two)

• dominant

• doughnut

• expressive

• recessive