b.9a-c lesson review

Multiple Choice

DO NOW: What is a mutation?

• random changes in DNA

• nucleotide sequence

• nucleic acid

• transcription and translation

Reorder

DO NOW: Reorder the following taxonomic classes starting with the largest to smallest

• Domain

• Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Concept 3: Macromolecules

Multiple Select

What are the main macromolecules that you get from your food?

• Calories

• Carbohydrates

• Cholesterol

• Lipids

• Proteins

Open Ended

What is something you ate today that you obtained carbohydrates from?

Poll

Which of the following foods would be the best source of healthy lipids?

• potato chips

• bacon

• avocado

• butter

• steak

Multiple Choice

If you are playing a basketball game, what would be the best thing to eat to give you energy for the second half at halftime?

• Apple Slices

• Chocolate Milk

• French Fries

• Hardboiled Egg

Open Ended

If nucleic acids are not used for energy in your body, what ARE they used for?

Enzymes

Biological Catalysts

Enzymes are Biological Catalysts

• They are proteins

• Catalysts speed up chemical reactions

• Structure = Function: Enzymes are specific to their Substrate (reactants). Active site of the enzymes fits together with the substrate(s)

• Different reactions require different enzymes

Enzyme Specificity - The shape of the enzyme (structure) fits it's substrate (function)

The induced-fit model is the more accurate model

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are...

• nucleic acids
• proteins
• lipids
• carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

In the diagram, what is letter A? 

• product
• substrate
• enzyme-substrate complex
• active site

Multiple Choice

Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?

• Coenzyme
• Substrate
• Vitamin
• Polypeptide

Multiple Choice

Each enzyme only has 1 substrate that will fit its active site.  What is this called?

• reusablility
• denaturation
• specificity
• fragility

Multiple Choice

What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?

• reusable
• catalyst
• specific
• fragile

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions (Catalysts)

• Activation energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

• The less activation energy needed (smaller hill to climb) the faster the reaction will happen

• Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy

Multiple Choice

What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction? 

• The reaction rate will increase.
• The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained. 
• The reaction rate will decrease.
• The reaction will stop. 

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?

• Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions
•  Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquids during the reactions.
• The reactions take up too much space in the cell if the enzymes are missing.
• The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing. 

Multiple Choice

The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. What is another name for the substance labeled "catalyst"?

• Enzyme
• inorganic compound
• Hormone
• Antibody

Multiple Choice

The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?

• Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
• Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
• Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
• Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.

Factors affecting reaction rates

• Substrate concentration

• Enzyme concentration

• pH, temperature, and ion concentrations

Denaturation = to lose shape

• Structure (shape) = function

• If enzymes lose their shape they no longer function correctly

• Lower enzyme function = slower reaction rates

• Factors that can affect shape & function of enzymes: Temperature, pH, salinity (ion concentration)

Optimal Enzyme Function

When the reaction rate is the highest!

Multiple Choice

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

• The enzymes die.
• The shapes of the enzyme are altered denature
• The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
• The enzymes remain the same

Multiple Choice

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
  
• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
  
• The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
  
• The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
  

Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration are processes that are part of the Carbon cycle

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Reactants of one process....

... are the products of the other process

Multiple Choice

What are the products of Photosynthesis?

• water and ATP

• carbon dioxide and water

• glucose and oxygen

• oxygen and water

Multiple Choice

What are the products of Aerobic Cellular Respiration?

• Carbon dioxide, water and ATP

• Oxygen, glucose, and ATP

• ATP, oxygen and water

• Carbon dioxide, oxygen and glucose

Energy renewal

Energy captured from sunlight by photosynthetic organisms is used and released in the cellular respiration of living things

The energy that living things use, must continually be renewed through photosynthesis

Why is Photosynthesis so important?

We must obtain glucose from plants

Plants are the first step in the food chain

The oxygen released during photosynthesis is necessary for many organisms.

Cellular Respiration

Once solar energy is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis, it has to be changed to a form that can be used by the organism

Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Multiple Choice

Which process requires light energy?

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice

Which process gets energy from breaking bonds?

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice

Which process releases energy?

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice

Which process stores energy?

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice

Which process occurs in the mitochondria?

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice

Which process occurs in the chloroplasts?

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice

What do you breath out?

• Oxygen (O₂)

• Carbon Monoxide (CO)

• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

• Nitrous Oxide (N₂O)

Multiple Choice

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

• 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

• 6CO₂ + 6H₂O -> 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + Energy

• 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + Energy -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

• 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy -> 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆

Multiple Choice

Cellular respiration's main goal is to ...

• Make ATP

• make water

• make glucose

• make oxygen

Multiple Select

Select ALL the inputs/reactants for cellular respiration?

• water

• oxygen

• sunlight

• carbon dioxide

• glucose

Multiple Choice

Cellular respiration occurs in the...

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

Carbon dioxide is a ________ by-product of cellular respiration

• waste

• helpful

• critical

• photosynthetic

Multiple Choice

The body switches to _______ respiration when oxygen levels are LOW.

• anaerobic

• aerobic

Multiple Choice

Glucose energy is converted to ____________during cellular respiration.

• TPA

• APT

• Photosynthetic energy

• ATP

Multiple Choice

Leaves breathe in _______

• Carbon dioxide

• Oxygen

Multiple Choice

Plants take in water through their

• roots

• stem

• leaves

Multiple Choice

What is the food the plants make for themselves during photosynthesis?

• glucose (sugar)

• oxygen

• water

Multiple Choice

Where do plants receive their energy from?

• carbon dioxide from the air

• water from the roots

• the sun

• oxygen from the air

Multiple Choice

In which cell organelle does photosynthesis take place?

• mitochondria

• chloroplast

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

The burn you feel in your muscles from too much exercise is from ________

• lactic acid

• hydrochloric acid

• sulfuric acid

• deoxyribonucleic acid

Multiple Select

Which organisms can do cellular respiration?

• plants

• fungi

• animals

• bacteria

Practice Questions

Multiple Choice

Which major macromolecule is being represented in this image? 

• carbohydrate
• lipid
• protein
• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

Which of the following contains the genetic code for protein synthesis?

• carbohydrate
• lipid
• protein
• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

What are the building blocks of proteins?

• amino acid
• fatty acid
• nucleotide
• lipid

Multiple Choice

What are the single sugars that are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

• monosaccharides
• disaccharides
• polysaccharides
• amino acid

Multiple Choice

The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.

• Iron
• Nitrogen
• Carbon
• Oxygen

Multiple Choice

DNA and RNA are examples of 

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Waxes, oils and fats are examples of

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is shown?

• lipid

• protein

• nucleic acid

• carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

What type of macromolecule are enzymes?

• Protein
• Carbohydrate
• Lipid
• Nucleic Acid

Multiple Choice

Carbohydrates are made of... 

• C H O
• C H O N
• C H O N P
• C H O N S

Multiple Choice

Lipids are made of... 

• C H O
• C H O N
• C H O N P
• C H O N S

Multiple Choice

Proteins are made of... 

• C H O
• C H O N
• C H O N P
• C H O N S

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?

• lipids
• proteins
• carbohydrates
• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

The building blocks for organic compounds are called...

• Polygons

• Polymers

• Monograms

• Monomers

Multiple Choice

___ are used by cells to get quick energy.

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Select

Which of the following elements are found in all macromolecules? (Select all that apply).

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is used as our main source of energy?

• Lipids/Fats

• Nucleic Acids

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of carbohydrates? (Select all that apply).

• Bread

• Pasta

• Olive Oil

• Cheese

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule stores energy?

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids/Fats

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Select

Nucleic acids make up which of the two molecules listed below?

• FDA

• RNA

• DNA

• FDR

Explanation Slide...

An ENZYME is a PROTEIN.An ENZYME speeds up a reaction.

Multiple Choice

What COLOR is the "Enzyme" in this picture?

• Green

• Blue

• Black

Match

Match the following

carbohydrate

lipid

protein

• carbohydrate

• lipid

• protein

Match

Match the MACROMOLECULES and their MONOMERS.

Hint: Monomer = a single unit

• carbohydrate

• lipid

• protein

• nucleic acid

monosaccharide

fatty acid & glycerol

amino acid

nucleotide

• monosaccharide

• fatty acid & glycerol

• amino acid

• nucleotide

Explanation Slide...

DNA is a NUCLEIC ACIDMonomer = NucleotideDNA stores genetic information

Multiple Choice

What is this?

• water

• DNA

• a snake

Match

Match the following MONOMERS and MACROMOLECULES

Nucleic Acid

Protein

Lipid

Carbohydrate

• Nucleic Acid

• Protein

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

Explanation Slide...

Lipids are fats.Lipids give us long-term energy.Examples: Butter, oil, waxes, fats

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule gives LONG-TERM energy?

• lipid

• carbohydrate

• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose  of an enzyme?

• give permission for the reaction
• raise activation energy
• speed up reactions
• control how many reactions occur

Multiple Choice

What 3 letters do enzymes typically end in?

• -ose
• -ase
• -ese
• -tic