Age of Jackson Intro

I recommend you take notes as you go through the lesson so you can use them on the questions.

Age of Jackson

Key Concepts

• Nullification Crisis - problem over whether the state of South Carolina had the rights to nullify (overturn) a federal law; argument over states' rights vs. federal rights

• Worcester v. Georgia - Cherokee sue to keep land and the Supreme Court favors Native Americans; Jackson and the state ignored the Supreme Court and forced Native to move to Indian Territory anyway

• Hudson River School - artists paint landscapes and nature

The Presidential Election of 1824 was a very close race and required Congress to determine who would become President. Andrew Jackson received more votes than any other candidate, but Henry Clay convinced the rest of Congress to vote for John Quincy Adams. Jackson called this affair the "Corrupt Bargain."

After the election, the Democratic Party split from the Republican Party. Jackson ran for president in the Election of 1828 as a Democrat and won. He was viewed as a hero of the "common man" and won the respect of farmers and workers. During the Election of 1828, voter participation (suffrage) increased because many states did away with white males having to own property in order to vote.

Jackson believed ordinary men could play a role in government. He fired "corrupt" government officials and replaced them with people who supported him during the election. This practice was called the "spoils system."

In 1828, before Jackson became president, a new tariff (tax) was passed making it difficult for the South to trade crops with foreign countries. Southerners were mad and called the tariff "the Tariff of Abominations." John C. Calhoun, a southerner, used the 10th amendment and argued that states had the right to nullify (ignore) any federal laws they thought were unconstitutional. South Carolina ignored the tariff and threatened to secede (leave) the U.S. if the federal government tired to enforce the tariff. Jackson threatened to use force, but Henry Clay created a compromise to resolve the conflict. This event was known as the Nullification Crisis.

Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 in order for Americans to use rich lands for farming and to look for gold. In the case Worcester v. Georgia, John Marshall ruled that Georgia had no right to remove the Cherokee, but Jackson ignored the ruling. As a result, the Cherokee were forced to walk the Trail of Tears during the fall and winter months to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). One-fourth of the Cherokee died.

Jackson disliked the national bank and eventually destroyed it by refusing the new bank's charter. He felt the bank favored the wealthy and not the common man. He ordered all money in the national bank to be put in state banks (pet banks) since they were more likely to loan money to common people.

During the mid-19th century, the nation's first major art movement was taking place. The Hudson River School artists painted pictures of natural landscapes found in the United States.

Multiple Choice

artists paint nature and landscapes

• Democratic Party formed

• voter participation increased

• Hudson River School

Multiple Choice

Jackson became president

• Democratic Party formed

• voter participation increased

• Hudson River School

Multiple Choice

settlers wanted rich land and to look for gold

• Worcester v. Georgia

• Indian Removal Act

• Nullification Crisis

Multiple Choice

South Carolina tried to overturn federal laws

• Worcester v. Georgia

• Indian Removal Act

• Nullification Crisis

Multiple Choice

Court favored Natives; Jackson ignored ruling

• Worcester v. Georgia

• Indian Removal Act

• Nullification Crisis

Reorder

Put the events in order from first to last (left to right).

• The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Natives in the case of Worcester v. Georgia.

• Jackson ignored the ruling.

• Cherokee are relocated west of the Mississippi.

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Multiple Choice

"The people have declared that this constitution...shall be the supreme law." The Supreme Court of the United States alone could declare a national law to be unconstitutional; no state could do that."

The speaker of this quote is reacting to --

• Jackson's response to the case of Worcester v. Georgia.

• the addition of Maine and Missouri into the Union.

• South Carolina's efforts to nullify a federal law.

• Jefferson's purchase of the Louisiana Territory.

Multiple Choice

The work displayed, as well as similar works, would have been created by artists associated with the --

• Hudson River School

• abolitionist movement

• temperance movement

• Second Great Awakening