Origin of Life review

Origin of Life on Earth
-Theories

LUCA

All living creatures are composed of organic
matter ("organic" in the sense that it is made of carbon), and the origins of life on Earth is really a question of where did organic molecules come from?

The prevailing theory is that all life on Earth originated from a last universal common ancestor (LUCA).

Drag and Drop

"organic" in the sense that it is made of ​ ​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

hydrogen

nitrogen

oxygen

carbon.

Multiple Choice

What does LUCA stand for?

• Last Universal Common Ancestor

• Last University Common Ancestor

• Last Universal Calm Ancestor

• Last Universal Common Ancestry

Extraterrestrial Life

The theory that life originated from an extraterrestrial

source is called panspermia.

A convenient theory that argues life on earth originated from a meteorite, comet, or other space rock landing and bringing life to Earth.

Multiple Choice

What is the theory called that suggests life originated from an extraterrestrial source?

• Exogenesis

• Abiogenesis

• Panspermia

• Astrobiology

Multiple Choice

According to the theory of panspermia, how is life proposed to have been brought to Earth?

• Through alien intervention

• Via solar winds

• 
  Through interstellar dust

• From a meteorite, comet, or other space rock

Spontaneous Generation and Biogenesis

From the time of Aristotle, people believed that organisms could arise from non-living matter. Like bugs appearing on rotting meat.

Louis Pasteur disproved this theory, and started the theory of biogenesis-life comes from life.

Multiple Choice

What theory did Louis Pasteur disprove which claimed that organisms could arise from non-living matter?

• Biogenesis

• Panspermia

• Spontaneous generation

• Abiogenesis

Multiple Choice

What was the common belief about the origin of organisms before Louis Pasteur's experiments?

• They could spontaneously generate from non-living matter

• They originated from existing life forms

• They were created by cosmic events

• They evolved from simpler chemical structures

Charles Darwin shared his controversial idea that all living things evolved from a
last universal common ancestor.

Later, Alexander Oparin introduced this idea as primordial soup.

He suggested that the non-living
chemicals in the ocean and atmosphere could react to form more complex
compounds to build life

Primordial Soup

Dropdown

Charles Darwin shared his controversial idea that all living things evolved from a
​

Select answer

.

Multiple Choice

According to the primordial soup theory, what compounds reacted to potentially form life?

• Gases in the Earth's core

• 
  Non-living chemicals in the ocean and atmosphere

• Living organisms in freshwater

Miller-Urey Experiment

One of the most famous experiments on the origin of life. The simulated early earth’s atmosphere with gases like: methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor. They used a spark to simulate lightning. And they condensed the water vapor to recreate “precipitation.”

In this simulation-they created the building blocks of life-amino acids.

Multiple Choice

Which gases were used in the Miller-Urey Experiment to simulate early Earth's atmosphere?

• Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Nitrogen

• 
  Helium, Argon, and Neon

• Methane, Ammonia, and Hydrogen

• Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide, and Radon

Multiple Choice

What role did the "spark" play in the Miller-Urey Experiment according to the description?

• It cooled the gases

• it simulated lightning to initiate chemical reactions

• It heated the water

• It was used to measure the temperature of the gases

Eukaryotic cells formed from a endosymbiotic relationship with prokaryotic cells.

Evidence: Both the mitochondria and chloroplast have similar features to free-living bacteria.

1.

They both contain DNA

2.

They replicate and divide in a similar way to bacteria.

Endosymbiotic Theory

Multiple Choice

What does the Endosymbiotic Theory suggest about eukaryotic cells?

• They are found outside the cell nucleus.

• They both contain DNA and replicate similarly to bacteria.

• They consume the cell's nutrients.

• They are unable to reproduce.